4种海洋单胞藻生化组成的环境因子效应研究   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

李文权  黄贤芒  陈清花  郑爱榕  王宪  蔡阿根 《海洋学报》1999,21(3):59-65

在实验室模拟条件下,应用14C示踪法测定4种海洋单胞藻的光合作用速率,研究光、温度和营养盐等环境因子对藻类细胞生化组成的影响.结果表明,三角褐指藻、盐藻、中肋骨条藻和等鞭金藻适宜生长的光强范围为5.8×103～15×103lx.4种单胞藻光合作用速率随光强增加而增大,其中盐藻和等鞭金藻的光响应比较明显.随光强增加,4种单胞藻细胞的碳水化合物含量及其变化量呈增加趋势,而蛋白质含量及其变化量则减少,脂类含量变化很小.三角褐指藻、盐藻、中肋骨条藻和等鞭金藻最适生长温度分别为:14、26、21、26℃左右.在上述4个实验温度时,4种单胞藻光合作用速率最高,细胞内的碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂类含量及其变化量也达到最大值.三角褐指藻、盐藻、中肋骨条藻和等鞭金藻光合作用过程的表观活化能(E)分别为:23.2、38.5、22.4和61.7KJ/mol,温度系数(Q10)分别为:1.74、1.74.1.38和1.69.三角褐指藻和中肋骨条藻在氮磷比(N/P)为16时,盐藻和等鞭金藻在氮磷比为28时,光合作用速率最大.在N/P为16时,4种单胞藻细胞内的碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂类含量和变化量均达到最大值.  相似文献   

苏北浅滩养殖筏架附生绿藻入海过程在黄海绿潮形成中的作用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张清春  孔凡洲  颜天  于仁成  胡晓坤  苗辉  周名江 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(5):1014-1020

本研究采用现场定量观测为主的研究方法,在2017年5月期间对苏北浅滩竹根沙收紫菜养殖筏架作业过程进行跟踪调查;对养殖筏架绠绳附生绿藻自然脱落和收筏架作业过程人为刮落附生绿藻,以及收筏架作业前后入海的漂浮绿藻生物量进行定量观测。结果表明:筏架绳附生绿藻自然脱落率低,为3.58%±0.78%;收筏架作业过程中绠绳上刮落绿藻生物量为(12±3)kg湿重/根,由此估算2017年整个苏北浅滩刮落的生物量估算可达到万吨湿重;收筏架作业后海域漂浮绿藻生物量是作业前的7.6倍。研究结果进一步明确了收筏架作业过程中人为刮落绿藻是目前筏架附生绿藻最主要的入海方式。刮落绿藻是海水中漂浮绿藻的主要来源,其生物量对南黄海绿潮的规模大小有重要的影响。研究结果为绿潮防控措施的制定和实施提供科学依据。  相似文献   

持久性有机污染物对珊瑚藻生长和生理生态特性的影响     

聂磊  王炳  廖宝林  彭丹  管斌 《海洋湖沼通报》2018,(6):75-84

以蒽和Aroclor1254为典型污染物质,分析了持久性有机污染物对于采自深圳大鹏湾(N114°36′,E 22°25′)的珊瑚藻生长和生理生态特性的影响效果。研究结果表明,随着蒽和Aroclor1254处理浓度的增加,珊瑚藻的光合色素含量下降,细胞膜透性和活性氧代谢产物丙二醛含量增加,最终停止生长。尽管低浓度有机污染物10.0～20.0μg·L-1蒽和8.0～16.0μg·L-1 Aroclor1254处理下藻体分泌的胞外多糖含量较对照略有上升,但随着污染物浓度上升,胞外多糖含量明显下降,胞外多糖的自由基(包括O2·-、·OH和DPPH自由基)清除能力也同样明显走低。蒽和Aroclor1254对珊瑚藻生理和生长的抑制作用有较明显的剂量—效应关系,因此持久性有机污染物对于珊瑚藻而言具有明显毒害作用。两种有机污染物对于珊瑚藻的毒害效应类似,相较而言,Aroclor1254毒性效应稍大于蒽。  相似文献   

Terrestrial discharge influences microbioerosion and microbioeroder community structure in coral reefs     

SA Mwachireya  M Carreiro-Silva  BE Hartwick  TR McClanahan 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(1):25-42

Microbioerosion rates and microbioeroder community structure were studied in four Kenyan protected coral-reef lagoons using shell fragments of Tridacna giant clams to determine their response to the influence of terrestrial run-off. Fourteen different microbioeroder traces from seven cyanobacteria, three green algae and four fungi species were identified. The river discharge-impacted reef and ‘pristine’ reef showed similar composition but higher microbioeroder abundance and total cyanobacteria- and chlorophyte-bioeroded areas when compared with the other study reefs. Cyanobacteria dominated during the north-east monsoon (NEM) relative to the south-east monsoon (SEM) season, with algae and cyanobacteria being major microbioeroders in the river-impacted and pristine reefs. The rate of microbioerosion varied between 4.3 g CaCO3 m^?2 y^?1 (SEM) and 134.7 g CaCO₃ m^?2 y^?1 (NEM), and was highest in the river-impacted reef (127.6 g CaCO₃ m^?2 y^?1), which was almost double that in the pristine reef (69.5 g CaCO₃ m^?2 y^?1) and the mangrove-fringed reef (56.2 g CaCO₃ m^?2 y^?1). The microbioerosion rates measured in this study may not be high enough to cause concern with regard to the health and net carbonate production of Kenya’s coral reefs. Nevertheless, predicted increases in the frequency and severity of stresses related to global climate change (e.g. increased sea surface temperature, acidification), as well as interactions with local disturbances and their influence on bioerosion, may be increasingly important in the future.  相似文献   

The effects of trophic interactions and spatial competition on algal community composition on Hawaiian coral reefs     

Mark J. A. Vermeij  Meghan L. Dailer  Sheila M. Walsh  Mary K. Donovan  Celia M. Smith 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(2):291-299

Much of coral reef ecology has focused on how human impacts change coral reefs to macroalgal reefs. However, macroalgae may not always be a good indicator of reef decline, especially on reefs with significant sea urchin populations, as found in Kenya and Hawaii. This study tests the effects of trophic interactions (i.e. herbivory by fishes and sea urchins) and spatial competition (between algae and coral) on algal community structure of reefs surrounding two Hawaiian Islands that vary in their level of human impacts. Reef‐building organisms (corals and crustose coralline algae) were less abundant and turf algae were more abundant on Maui as compared to Lanai, where human impacts are lower. In contrast to previous studies, we found no evidence that macroalgae increased with human impacts. Instead, low turf and macroalgal abundance were best explained by the interactive effects of coral cover and sea urchin abundance. Fishing sea urchin predators appeared to have cascading effects on the benthic community. The absence of sea urchin predators and high sea urchin densities correspond to a disproportionately high abundance of turf and crustose coralline algae. We propose that high turf algal abundance is a better indicator of reef decline in Hawaii than high macroalgal abundance because turf abundance was highest on reefs with low coral cover and few fish. The results of this study emphasize that understanding changes in community composition are context‐dependent and that not all degraded reefs look the same.  相似文献   

南海东部深海沉积中的孢粉研究及其古环境意义     

张玉兰 《海洋通报》2009,28(1)

通过对南海东部 149 站深海柱状剖面的孢粉、藻类研究,根据孢粉成分的变化将该孔沉积层从下至上划分为 4 个孢粉组合带.1 带:Pinus-Quercus(常绿)-Umbellferae-Gramineae-Pteris 孢粉带(407～270cm);2 带:Dacrydium-Quercus-Cyathea-Pinus-Polypodiaceae 孢粉带(270～105 cm);3 带:Pinus-Polypodiaceae-Quercus(常绿)-Pteridium 孢粉带(105～30 cm);4 带:Gleditsia-Cyathea-Pinus-Polypodiaceae 孢粉带(30～0 cm).并相应恢复了南海东部 7.5 万 a 以来 4 个植被、气候、古环境演替阶段:热带北缘半常绿季雨林、热带季雨林、热带北缘半常绿季雨林和热带季雨林.结合氧同位素测年资料,对 149 站柱状地层时代作了划分.  相似文献   

Isolation and identification of bacteria associated with the surfaces of several algal species     

王子峰  肖天  逄少军  刘敏  岳海东 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2009,27(3):487-492

We conducted this study to assess the diversity of bacteria associated with the surfaces of algae based on 16S rDNA sequence analyses.Twelve strains of bacteria were obtained from the surfaces of the following four species of algae:Gracilaria textorii,Ulva pertusa,Laminaria japonica,and Polysiphonia urceolata.The isolated strains of bacteria can be divided into two groups:Halomonas and Vibrio,in physiology,biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analyses.The phylogenetic tree constructed based on ...  相似文献   

黔东北伊迪卡拉纪陡山沱组的宏体藻类   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王约  王训练  黄禹铭 《地球科学》2007,32(6):828-844

宏体生物广泛地生活于扬子地区伊迪卡拉纪陡山沱期的海洋中,它们为后生动物的快速发展和演化奠定了一个崭新的环境和一个新生态链的基础.产自于黔东北伊迪卡拉系陡山沱组的瓮会生物群生活环境应在贫氧的、透光性良好的浅海低能环境,以宏体藻类为主,共描述15属18种(其中包括3个新属、5个新种、2个修定属和4个修定种)和1个未命名藻以及不明藻类固着器,另包含有宏体后生动物,可能的后生动物以及遗迹化石.瓮会生物群不但含有鄂西庙河生物群和皖南蓝田植物群的分子,也有南澳大利亚Ediacara生物群和俄罗斯WhiteSea生物群的分子,而且具有自已的特征而有别于其他伊迪卡拉期的生物群.其宏体藻类形态变化较大,组织器官和功能已出现明显的分化,并与高等植物之间存在一定的演化关系.宏体藻类多为直立固着于海底,提高了光合作用的效率,增加了水体中的含氧量.同时,宏体藻类作为生态系统中的初级生产者成为一种新的食物,改变了后生动物的食谱.因此,陡山沱期的宏体植物不仅改善了环境,为依赖一定氧而生活、生长和繁殖的后生动物给予了必要的支持,而且作为生态系统中的必要基础,为宏体后生动物的快速发展和演化提供了一个新的食物源.另外,宏体生物群的繁盛不仅提高了有机质的生产率,而且促进了富有机碳的沉积和保存.  相似文献   

Holocene cool‐water carbonate and terrigenous sediments from southern Spencer Gulf,South Australia     

M. K. Fuller  Y. Bone  V. A. Gostin  C. C. Von Der Borch 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(4):353-363

Holocene sediments from southern Spencer Gulf are cool‐water carbonate‐rich gravels and sands, dominated by molluscs and Bryozoa. Five sedimentary fades are recognized: (i) molluscan gravel; (ii) branching coralline‐algal gravel, associated with shallow partially protected environments; (iii) molluscan‐biyozoan sand; (iv) mixed bioclastic sand, representative of the deeper central region of the lower gulf; and (v) bryozoan gravel, an isolated fades developed in a semi‐protected micro‐environment. The southern gulf is characterized by complex oceanographic conditions together with variations in water depth and substrate. The sediments share the characteristics of both the southern shelf and upper Spencer Gulf. Grain‐size distribution and sedimentary facies are controlled by a combination of all the above processes. Past sea level fluctuations are recognized from sea floor strand‐line deposits. The relic component of the palimpsest sediments has eroded from the Pleistocene aeolianite dunes. The sediments, therefore, reflect both the modern marine and past environments.  相似文献   

CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE RATIO F685/F735 IN BROWN ALGAE AND ITS VARIATION UNDER EXCITATION BY TWO TYPES OF LIGHT AND DEHYDRATION     

武宝玕  臧汝波 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1993,11(1):1-7

Calculation and comparative study of the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio F685/F735 in brown algae (Laminaria japonica, Underia pinnatifida and Padina crassa) excited by blue and green light showed that the fluorescence ratios were higher when the algae were excited by blue light (440 nm), but reduced obviously under green light (540 nm) excitation. The values also reduced under dehydration but could recover during rehydration if the stress was not serious. The variation of the fluorescence ratio under dehydration was mainly because changes in fluorescence emission at 735 nm were always sharper than those at 685 nm. The ratio was sensitive to stress and has potential as a stress indicator in phycological research. Measurement of the fluorescence excitation spectra showed that the only peak at 540 hm changed apparently during dehydration. It meant that the function of the Chl a /Fucoxanthin protein complex for energy transfer was easily inhibited by water stress. However, no variation of the ratio was foun  相似文献