烃类垂向微渗漏及其地表异常显示   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8  

蒋涛  陈浙春 《物探与化探》2003,27(2):92-96

烃类以微泡、水动力、扩散和渗透方式向地表迁移过程中,其效能、方式与油气藏的盖层、断裂与裂隙系统、储层的流体性质、地层压力等地质因素密切相关.通过对塔里木盆地雅克拉凝析气田上的地表、井中化探资料与地质资料的综合分析,认为该气田的井中垂向地球化学特征、控制烃类垂向微渗漏地质因素、地表化探异常显示之间呈现出很好的内在联系.  相似文献   

玄武岩盖层下石林的岩溶动力学特征     

谢运球  何师意  章程 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2003,33(3):340-343,359

受玄武岩盖层的影响，石林地区的地下水在雨季和旱季对碳酸盐岩都具有侵蚀性，玄武岩盖层空气CO2呈现出低—高—低的双向变化梯度。溶蚀试验表明．地下0～0．6m，水平方向的溶蚀量大于垂直方向的溶蚀量，而随着深度的增加，垂直方向的溶蚀量大于水平方向。富含CO2的水通过具有最大渗透张量和较小主轴倾角的玄武岩裂隙下渗，对碳酸盐岩的溶蚀作用表现为一个脱钙、富铝铁、硅迁移的复杂过程，并在地下0～0．6m形成许多水平凹槽、穿洞等岩溶形态，而地表0．6m以下以垂向溶蚀为主，有利于石柱的形成与发育。  相似文献   

利用NOAA AVHRR数据研究北半球雪盖气候学特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨向东 《国土资源遥感》2003,14(1):16-19

利用NOAA卫星图像,研究了北半球、欧亚、北美和青藏高原雪盖气候学特征及其变化趋势.指出北半球、欧亚和北美雪盖气候变化趋势基本一致,年均雪盖面积在1987年前后明显下降; 而青藏高原雪盖面积在1984年后明显下降,说明青藏高原雪盖的年际变化与北半球及欧亚、北美不完全一致.  相似文献   

The Influence of Vegetation Cover on Summer Precipitation in China： a Statistical Analysis of NDVI and Climate Data   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

ZHANG Jingyong  DONG Wenjie  FU Congbin  WU Lingyun 《大气科学进展》2003,20(6):1002-1006

This study provides new evidence for the feedback effects of vegetation cover on summer precipitation in different regions of China by calculating immediate (same season), and one-and two-season lagged correlations between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and summer precipitation. The results show that the correlation coefficients between NDVI in spring and the previous winter and precipitation in summer are positive in most regions of China, and they show significant difference between regions. The stronger one-and two-season lagged correlations occur in the eastern arid/semi-arid region, Central China,and Southwest China out of the eight climatic regions of China, and this implies that vegetation cover change has more sensitive feedback effects on summer precipitation in the three regions. The three regions are defined as sensitive regions. Spatial analyses of correlations between spring NDVI averaged over each sensitive region and summer precipitation of 160 stations suggest that the vegetation cover strongly affects summer precipitation not only over the sensitive region itself but also over other regions, especially the downstream region.  相似文献   

Turbulence Statistics Inside and Over Forest: Influence on Footprint Prediction   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ü. Rannik  T. Markkanen  J. Raittila  P. Hari  T. Vesala 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2003,109(2):163-189

Observations of wind statistics within and above a Scots pine forest are comparedwith those predicted from an analytical second-order closure model. The roughnesssublayer (RSL) effects, and the influence of stability on similarity functions, arestudied using observations. The commonly accepted forms of similarity functionsdescribe the influence of diabatic effects above the RSL well. According to earlierstudies they are expected also to apply within the RSL. As an exception, the averagewind speed normalised with friction velocity was found to be invariant with stabilityclose to the canopy top under unstable conditions. Lagrangian stochastic trajectorysimulations were used to evaluate the influence of canopy turbulence profiles onfootprint prediction. The main uncertainty was found to arise from parameterisationof the random forcing term in the Lagrangian velocity equation. The influence ofdiabatic conditions was studied, and it was found that thermal stability affectssignificantly the footprint function above the forest canopy, but significantuncertainty exists because of uncertainties in the formulation of stability functions.  相似文献   

CHARACTERISTICS OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE YANGTZE DELTA REGION FOR PAST 40 YEARS AND MAIN INFLUENCE FACTORS^*          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Jingmiao  ZHOU Xiuji  DING Guoan  LU Longhua 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2003,17(2):178-189

The Kotoda-Bortan (KB) model (Liu and Kotoda 1998) used for estimating evapotranspiration was modified.The monthly evapotranspiration for various surfaces in the Yangtze Delta (118-123°E,28-33°N) was calculated using the modified model,and the annual regional average of evapotranspiration from 1961 to 1998 was obtained using a weighting method.The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of evapotranspiration were analyzed.It is found that the regional averaged annual evapotranspiration has a decreasing trend over the past 40 years;the value dropped by about 24mm from 1961 to 1998.The main reason for this tendency is due to the change of land surface condition.Compared with the case of 1980,the current proportions of paddy field,farmland and water surface have decreased by 1.353%,4.42% and 2.597% respectively,while the proportions of urban area and non-agriculture land have increased by 3.345%.These changes clearly result in a decrease of the regional averaged evapotranspiration.  相似文献   

用广角图象同时测量针叶树冠层叶角分布和叶面积指数的方法研究(英文)     

《遥感学报》1997,(Z1)

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青藏高原冬季积雪异常对东,南亚夏季风影响的初步数值模拟研究   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10  

范广洲  罗四维 《高原气象》1997,16(2):140-142

利用一个耦合了简化的简单生物圈模式的大气环流谱模式（ＳＳｉＢ－ＧＣＭ），初步探讨了青藏高原冬季积雪异常对东、南亚夏季季风环流和降水的影响及其机理。结果表明，高原地区积雪增加将使随后地夏季东、南来季风明显减弱，主要表现为东、南亚季风区降水减少，索马里急流、印度季风的印度西南气流弱弱。另外，还提出欧亚大陆雪盖与整个高原雪盖和高原东部雪盖对东、南亚夏季风影响的敏感问题。与欧亚大陆雪盖相比，高原雪盖是影响  相似文献   

Chemical composition of upper crust in eastern China   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Mingcai Yan  Qinghua Chi  Tiexin Gu  Chunshu Wang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1997,40(5):530-539

In an area of 3.3×10⁶ km² within eastern China, 28 253 rock samples were collected systematically and combined into 2718 composite samples which were analyzed by 15 reliable methods using national preliminary certified reference materials (CRMs) for data quality monitoring. The average chemical compositions of the exposed crust, the sedimentary cover and the exposed basement as well as the upper crust for 76 chemical elements in eastern China are given. A key basic geology projcct supported by Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of China.  相似文献   

A Modeling Study of the Effects of Anomalous Snow Cover over the Tibetan Plateau upon the South Asian Summer Monsoon   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘华强  孙照渤王举 闵锦忠 《大气科学进展》2004,21(6):964-975

The effect of anomalous snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau upon the South Asian summer monsoon is investigated by numerical simulations using the NCAR regional climate model (RegCM2) into which gravity wave drag has been introduced. The simulations adopt relatively realistic snow mass forcings based on Scanning Multi-channel Microwave Radiometer (SNINIR) pentad snow depth data. The physical mechanism and spatial structure of the sensitivity of the South Asian early summer monsoon to snow cover anomaly over the Tibetan Plateau are revealed. The main results are summarized as follows. The heavier than normal snow cover over the Plateau can obviously reduce the shortwave radiation absorbed by surface through the albedo effect, which is compensated by weaker upward sensible heat flux associated with colder surface temperature, whereas the effects of snow melting and evaporation are relatively smaller.The anomalies of surface heat fluxes can last until June and become unobvious in July. The decrease of the Plateau surface temperature caused by heavier snow cover reaches its maximum value from late April to early May. The atmospheric cooling in the mid-upper troposphere over the Plateau and its surrounding areas is most obvious in May and can keep a fairly strong intensity in June. In contrast, there is warming to the south of the Plateau in the mid-lower troposphere from April to June with a maximum value in May.The heavier snow cover over the Plateau can reduce the intensity of the South Asian summer monsoon and rainfall to some extent, but this influence is only obvious in early summer and almost disappears in later stages.  相似文献