东西风廓线特征与大气运动平衡态定常波的相关关系及共振条件的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

徐祥德  朱复成  陆曼云 《高原气象》1991,(2)

本文采用简化数学模型探讨了东、西风廓线特征与外源强迫下大气环流平衡态定常波结构的相关关系。文中采用实际观测资料研究了西风廓线特征与大气环流型季节特征之间的联系。研究表明,西风廓线冬、夏季节差异与中、高纬度西风槽“冬三夏四”波数差气候特征有关,且低纬强东风切变可作为赤道东风波周期振荡成因之一。冬夏西风廓线季节特征可导致大地形强迫效应、海陆加热因子影响作用的显著季节差异。研究还揭示了大气环流型优势波转换的基流特征影响效应,并导出了流场与纬向加热强迫源共振状态的西风廓线特征函数与临界曲线。  相似文献   

Model studies of the impact of chemical inhomogeneity on SO2 oxidation in warm stratiform clouds     

Xing Lin  William L. Chameides 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1991,13(2):109-129

A one-dimensional, time-dependent model of the physics and chemistry of a warm stratiform cloud is used to study the possible impact of chemical inhomogeneity among cloud and raindrops on the oxidation of SO₂ in clouds. The effects of chemical inhomogeneity are examined using two contrasting models: In Model 1 a bulk-solution parameterization is adopted which effectively treats all cloud and raindrops as if they are chemically homogeneous; in Model 2 we allow the cloud and raindrops to have a dichotomous distribution. The dichotomous distribution in Model 2 is simulated by assuming that the two groups of cloud droplets nucleate from two chemically distinct populations of condensation nuclei; one being acidic and the other being alkaline. While the two models yield essentially identical results when the ambient levels of H₂O₂ are greater than the ambient levels of SO₂, the rate of conversion of SO₂ to sulfuric acid and the amount of sulfate removed in the precipitation can be significantly enhanced in Model 2 over that of Model 1 under conditions of oxidant limitation (i.e., H₂O₂ < SO₂). This enhancement is critically dependent upon the fraction of alkaline nuclei assumed to be present in Model 2 and arises from the rapid increase in the aqueous-phase reaction between O₃+S_IV at high pH. Our results suggest that cloud models which adopt a bulk-solution parameterization for cloud droplet chemistry, may underestimate the amount of in-cloud SO₂ oxidation under oxidant-limited conditions.  相似文献   

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT OF THE INFLUENCES OF HEAT AND WIND STRESS ON THE EQUATORIAL OCEAN CIRCULATION^*     

She Fengning  Chao Jiping  Wang Lizhi 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1991,5(2):215-227

A time-dependent linear model on the equatorial beta plane is developed in this paper.Its vertical structure consists of two active layers with equal density and temperature above the thermocline and a quasi-stationary layer with constant density below the thermocline.The results of nurnericat experiments show that the direct influence of heat on the equatorial ocean is much smaller than that of wind stress.Nevertheless,through the tropical ocean-atmosphere interaction,the change of wind stress resulting from the thermal forcing may set a determinant effect on the equilibrium and anomalous development of the ocean-almosphere circulation.  相似文献   

短时间尺度周期性热力强迫下流型的低频振荡          下载免费PDF全文

罗哲贤 《大气科学》1991,15(3):97-104

本文在正压涡度方程中引进短时间尺度周期性热力强迫项。在一定的参数范围内,该强迫项可以引起环流指数准两至三周的低频振荡。  相似文献   

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT OF THE INFLUENCES OF HEAT AND WIND STRESS ON THE EQUATORIAL OCEAN CIRCULATION   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

佘丰宁  巢纪平  王立治 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1991,(2)

A time-dependent linear model on the equatorial beta plane is developed in this paper.Its verticalstructure consists of two active layers with equal density and temperature above the thermocline and aquasi-stationary layer with constant density below the thermocline.The results of nurnericat experiments show that the direct influence of heat on the equatorial ocean ismuch smaller than that of wind stress.Nevertheless,through the tropical ocean-atmosphere interaction,the change of wind stress resulting from the thermal forcing may set a determinant effect on the equilibriumand anomalous development of the ocean-almosphere circulation.  相似文献   

局地强风暴云团与中尺度锋面波动   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李献洲 《大气科学》1994,18(4):431-436

本文分析了1982—1988年2—5月份的41例与中尺度锋面波动相关联的局地强风暴云团的活动和演变特征，给出了其强盛期天气系统配置模式及其在天气尺度云系演变中的表现型式，最后对其移动做了一般性讨论。  相似文献   

Deposition of trace substances via cloud interception on a coniferous forest at Kleiner Feldberg     

S. Pahl  P. Winkler  T. Schneider  B. Arends  D. Schell  R. Maser  W. Wobrock 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1994,19(1-2):231-252

A resistance model to calculate the deposition of cloud droplets on a coniferous forest and some improved parameterizations of the indispensable input parameters are described. The deposition model is adapted to the coniferous forest at the Kleiner Feldberg site and verified by the data of a drip water monitoring station below the forest canopy. The measurements of liqud water content, wind speed and trace substance compounds in cloud water of the Ground-based Cloud Experiment (GCE) at Kleiner Feldberg in 1990 are used to calculate the cloud water deposition fluxes and the deposition of trace substances via cloud water interception. The calculated deposition of trace substances via cloud water interceptions is three to six times higher than via rain during the experiment. On a long term data basis the yearly amount of cloud water deposition is 180 mm year^–1 at Kleiner Feldberg site (840 m a.s.l.) while the precipitation amount is 1030 mm year^–1. Due to higher trace substance concentrations in cloud water compared to rain the ionic deposition via cloud water interception and via precipitation were assessed to be of comparable magnitude.  相似文献   

高原东部地区一次雹云成雹过程的数值模拟   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

马林  赵仕雄  张国庆 《高原气象》1994,(2)

本文利用一维半时变双参数积云模式，对高原东部地区一次西风槽影响下的冰雹天气过程进行了数值模拟。讨论了该雹云内的动力、热力特点以及过冷云滴、冰晶、霰、雹的产生和转化以及降水粒子碰并增长等物理过程。对高原雹云的成雹机制作了初步探讨  相似文献   

沙漠地区春季的大气浑浊度及沙尘大气对地面辐射平衡的影响   总被引：10，自引：8，他引：10  

沈志宝  文军 《高原气象》1994,13(3):330-338

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利用GMS－4红外云图资料定量测量淮河流域汛期降水     

傅德胜  尹新怀  徐慧 《南京气象学院学报》1994,(2)

提出和介绍了利用ＧＭＳ－４红外云图资料定量测量淮河流域汛期降水的ＣＴ－ＴＲＣ（ｃｌｏｕｄｔｏｐｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｒａｉｎｆｕｌｌｃｕｒｖｅ，云顶温度－降水量曲线）方法及实现步骤，并结合个例进行了分析。  相似文献