对新型螺杆灌注桩的受力特征与破坏性状的探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

方崇  张信贵  彭桂皎 《岩土工程技术》2006,20(6):316-319

螺杆灌注桩是一种承载力高、造价低、施工方便、无环境污染的新桩型。根据螺杆桩的静荷载试验资料,深入分析了螺杆桩竖向荷载的传递机理,探讨了螺杆桩的受力特征和破坏性状,为今后螺杆桩的设计和施工提供可靠的依据。  相似文献   

嫩江组二段底部标志层岩石矿物学特征与成片套损因素新认识   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘合卓胜广  高合明刘建东吴恩成  金岩松 《地质论评》2006,52(4):532-538

大庆油田嫩江组二段底部与嫩江组一段顶部成片套损严重，从前一直认为泥岩吸水膨胀、蠕变是导致成片套损的主要因素。成片套损位置研究发现，嫩江组二段底部与嫩江组一段顶部成片套损实际集中于嫩江组二段底部标志层内，而嫩江组二段底部标志层岩石矿物学特征综合研究结果表明，其不含遇水膨胀的蒙脱石，且粘土矿物含量也低于其上下相邻岩石，表明其遇水膨胀与蠕变较弱，岩石遇水膨胀与蠕变不会构成成片套损的主要原因。嫩江组二段底部标志层岩石岩心观察描述、镜下鉴定、矿物成分综合测试和岩石强度性质研究发现，嫩江组二段底部标志层泥岩为富含长英质的质地坚硬岩石，含粘土矿物较少，不含蒙脱石，岩石吸水能力差、膨胀与蠕变能力弱；标志层中存在多个化石富集带，化石沿岩石层理分布形成沿层理方向的区域性力学薄弱面；沿化石层层理的抗张强度与抗剪强度远低于其他层位和垂直于层理方向的强度性质。因此，一旦注入水进入嫩江组二段底部标志层，富含化石的岩石沿岩石层理优先发生破坏，并迅速扩展，形成成片套损现象。  相似文献   

气候影响下膨胀土开裂的力学分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑少河  姚海林  葛修润 《上海国土资源》2007,(2):29-32

采用线弹性断裂力学的方法,针对气候影响下的膨胀土开裂问题,提出了膨胀土开裂深度和裂缝间距的定量表达式,经比较与现场实测结果基本一致。并对开裂深度与泊松比、断裂韧度、基质吸力等土体特性参数的关系进行了详细的论述。  相似文献   

京西矿震活动特征及其与天然地震关系初探   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

张秀兰  李卫 《国际地震动态》1998,(1):14-17

该文介绍了门头沟矿震的概况;对门头沟矿震与天然地震进行了相关分析,认为门头沟煤矿矿震活动可作为一种较好的监视首都圈中西部强震的中尺度监测手段;论证了门头沟煤矿矿震活动作为首都圈地应力变化监测哨的地质依据,并初步建立了矿震作为地震前兆的力学模型;提供了矿震预测天然地震的地质依据。  相似文献   

中国出境旅游市场现状与发展对策分析   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3  

肖建成  任江明 《云南地理环境研究》2003,15(1):2-11

采用市场学中的消费者行为理论对中国出境旅游市场现状的分析、揭示出境旅游者在目的地选择，旅游形式，购买渠道，交通方式，住宿购物的消费决策和来自不同客源市场，经济收入、社会阶层、文化层次、年龄性别旅游者消费行为的规律；对出境旅游市场目前存在的问题进行研究分析，提出今后出境旅游市场治理的对策及展望中国出境旅游市场的发展前景。  相似文献   

Multiscale approach to geo‐composite cellular structures subjected to rock impacts     

François Nicot  Philippe Gotteland  David Bertrand  Stéphane Lambert 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2007,31(13):1477-1515

Geo‐composite cellular structures are an efficient technological solution for various applications in civil engineering. This type of structure is particularly well adapted to resisting rockfalls and can act as a defensive structure. However, the design of such structures is for the most part empirically based; this lack of research‐based design stagnates optimization and advanced development. In this paper, the mechanical behaviour of a geo‐composite cellular structure is investigated using a multi‐scale approach, from the individual cell made up of an assembly of rocky particles contained in a wire netting cage to the entire structure composed of a regular array of cells. Based on discrete modelling of both the cell and structure scales, a computational tool has been developed for design purposes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Development in modeling cyclic loading of sands based on kinematic hardening     

Mohammad Maleki  Bernard Cambou  Philppe Dubujet 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2009,33(14):1641-1658

In this paper, there is presented an elastoplastic constitutive model to predict sandy soils behavior under monotonic and cyclic loadings. This model is based on an existing model (Cambou‐Jafari‐Sidoroff) that takes into account deviatoric and isotropic mechanisms of plasticity. The flow rule used in the deviatoric mechanism is non‐associated and a mixed hardening law controls the evolution of the yield surface. In this research the critical state surface and history surface, which separates the virgin and cyclic states in stress space, are defined. Kinematic hardening modulus and stress–dilatancy law for monotonic and cyclic loadings are effectively modified. With taking hardening modulus as a function of deviatoric and volumetric plastic strain and with defining the history surface and stress reversal, the model has the ability to predict the sandy soils' behavior. All of the model parameters have clear physical meanings and can be determined from usual laboratory tests. In order to validate the model, the results of homogeneous tests on Hostun and Toyoura sands are used. The results of validation show a good capability of the proposed model. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

An elastoplastic strainhardening model for soil allowing for hydraulic bonding–debonding effects     

Giuseppe Buscarnera  Roberto Nova 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2009,33(8):1055-1086

The paper presents a strainhardening constitutive model for unsaturated soil behaviour based on energy conjugated stress variables in the framework of superposed continua. The proposed constitutive law deals with hydro‐mechanical coupling phenomena. The main purpose is to develop within a consistent framework a model that can deal with possible mechanical instabilities occurring in partially saturated materials. The loss of capillary effects during wetting processes can, in fact, play a central role in unstable processes. Therefore, it will be shown that the bonding effects due to surface tensions can be described in a mathematical framework similar to that employed for bonded geomaterials to model weathering or diagenesis effects, either mechanically or chemically induced. The results of several simulations of common laboratory tests on partially saturated soil specimens are shown. The calculated behaviour appears to be in good qualitative agreement with that observed in the laboratory. In particular it is shown that volumetric collapse phenomena due to hydraulic debonding effects can be successfully described by the model. Finally, it will be highlighted the ability of the model to naturally capture the transition to a fully saturated condition and to deal with possible mechanical instabilities in the unsaturated regime. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Simplified coupled chemo‐mechanical modeling of cement pastes behavior subjected to combined leaching and external sulfate attack     

B. Bary 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2008,32(14):1791-1816

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砂粒粒径与砂层厚度对单体筐养养殖系统中三疣梭子蟹幼蟹摄食行为与生长特性的影响研究*     

徐永健  申屠基康  丁张妮 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(1)

提要 在梭子蟹的单体筐养养殖系统中,试验了生态掩体(砂盒)中不同的砂粒粒径大小以及砂层厚度对梭子蟹幼蟹摄食行为与生长特性的影响。砂粒粒径设三个水平,分别为：>2 mm、<0.2 mm以及混合砂;砂层厚度有0cm、2cm、5cm、8cm四个水平。试验共进行6天,结果表明：砂粒粒径及砂层厚度对梭子蟹幼蟹的摄食与生长都有明显的影响。从砂粒粒径看,幼蟹在细砂(SPS)中挖洞休息,蟹体与砂面呈30-45°角,仅露眼睛及触角在外。一天内有3-6次进食,总进食时间为142.7±22.52 min,在摄食次数、总进食时间、平均摄食量(0.2427±0.0137 g/gBW)、以及脱皮及成活率都远高于其他粒径组,该组中幼蟹的体重增长最快,增加了0.814±0.113 g,增长率为91.5±3.43%;而该组的饵料系数(FCR)最低为1.17±0.11。因此,筐养养殖系统砂掩体的砂粒粒径最好为0.2 mm以下。砂层厚度也有类似结果,5 cm以上厚度养殖效果最佳。平均摄食量为0.2087±0.0046 g/gBW,该厚度下,幼蟹无死亡、100%脱皮,体重也增加最快,增加了0.791±0.121 g,增长率为88.9±3.74%,饵料系数(FCR)达到1.37±0.23,表明筐养系统掩体中砂层厚度要在5 cm以上。三种保护性酶类(SOD, POD, CAT)活性随着砂粒粒径变小和砂层厚度增加而降低,而消化酶类(淀粉酶、蛋白酶、脂酶)活性则表现与保护性酶类相反特性。从两类酶的活性变化也能证实,在优选条件下(细砂、厚度>5 cm),幼蟹所受的胁迫在降低。  相似文献