Effects of Enclosure on Plant and Soil Nutrients in Different Types of Alpine Grassland     

WANG Fang  HE Yongtao  FU Gang  NIU Ben  ZHANG Haorui  LI Meng  WANG Zhipeng  WANG Xiangtao  ZHANG Xianzhou 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2020,11(3):290-297

Enclosure is one of the most widely used management tools for degraded alpine grassland on the northern Tibetan Plateau, but the responses of different types of grassland to enclosure may vary, and research on these responses can provide a scientific basis for improving ecological conservation. This study took one site for each of three grassland types (alpine meadow, alpine steppe and alpine desert) on the northern Tibetan Plateau as examples, and explored the effects of enclosure on plant and soil nutrients by comparing differences in plant community biomass, leaf-soil nutrient content and their stoichiometry between samples from inside and outside the fence. The results showed that enclosure can significantly increase all aboveground biomass in these three grassland types, but it only increased the 10-20 cm underground biomass in the alpine desert. Enclosure also significantly increased the leaf nutrient content of the dominant plants and contents of total nitrogen (N), total potassium (K), and organic carbon (C) in 10-20 cm soil in alpine desert, thus changing the stoichiometry between C, N and P (phosphorus). However, enclosure significantly increased only the N content of dominant plant leaves in alpine steppe, while other nutrients and stoichiometries of both plant leaves and soil did not show significant differences in alpine meadow and alpine steppe. These results suggested that enclosure has differential effects on these three types of alpine grasslands on the northern Tibetan Plateau, and the alpine desert showed the most active ecological conservation in the responses of its soil and plant nutrients.  相似文献   

圆顶视宁度和高美古观测室的考虑     

谭徽松  钱铜铃  岑学奋 《天文研究与技术》2002,(4):51-59

本文给出了人为视宁度的定义和产生的原因,强调防止圆顶视宁度的重要性,简述了国际上的研究结果和经验教训,并结合高美古的实际,提出对高美古2m及1m望远镜观测室建造的方案和指标。  相似文献   

Comparability of Biogenic VOC Emission Rate Measurements under Laboratory and Ambient Conditions at the Example of Monoterpene Emissions from Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris)     

M. Komenda  K. Kobel  R. Koppmann  J. Wildt 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2003,45(1):1-23

Laboratory experiments under controlled environmental conditions are a useful tool to investigate the influence of different environmental parameters on VOC emissions from plants individually. Before using the obtained results to interpret measurements under ambient conditions, it has to be ensured that the laboratory system is suitable for performing emission rate measurements under ambient-like conditions to derive algorithms describing the emissions of volatile organic compounds as a function of physical variables like temperature and light intensity. Here we compare results from monoterpene emission rate measurements with Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) under both ambient environmental conditions using a mobile plant enclosure chamber, and under controlled laboratory conditions in a continuously stirred tank reactor. The different analytical instruments to quantify monoterpene emissions were compared in an intercalibration experiment. Measurements of the mixing ratios of -pinene, -pinene, 3-carene, camphene, and limonene on the order of some hundred parts per trillion differed by less than 20%. The laboratory system has proven capable of providing ambient-like conditions and results of monoterpene emission rate measurements under laboratory conditions could be extrapolated to the natural environment. Monoterpene emission rate measurements with identical specimens of Scots pines conducted within small temporal differences under similar laboratory and outdoor conditions agreed well. Both laboratory and outdoor experiments clearly showed that distinct and constant values neither exist for the standard emission rates nor for the emission pattern of monoterpenes from Scots pine. Temporal variations in the standard emission rates from identical specimens and plant-to-plant variations were on the order of one magnitude.  相似文献   

ENCLOSURE EXPERIMENTS ON AND LACUSTRINE PRACTICE FOR ELIMINATING MICROCYSTIS BLOOM   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘建康  谢平 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2002,20(2):113-117

Microcystis bloom, one of the most objectionable characteristics of eutrophication in tropical and subtropical waters, occurred in Donghu Lake (East lake) of Wuhan every summer from the 1970s up to 1984, but from 1985 up to now failed to occur there. The cause of its disappearance rema-ined in obscurity until recently. In situ enclosure experiments in the lake for three years showed that the stocking of the filter-feeding silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ) and big-head carp (Aristichthys nobilis ) played a decisive role in eliminating Microcystis bloom from the lake; but that recurrence of the bloom is possible under certain conditions. This paper presents the details and the results of enclosure ex-periments. The authors‘ analysis of fish biomass data obtained by echo-sounding and the fishery produc-tion of the lake over the years, revealed that the recurrence of Microcystis bloom can be prevented so long as the combined biomnss of silver carp and big-head carp remains at or exceeds 50 g per cubic meter of lakewater, as was the case in the lake‘s 1985 fish yield of 1015 t.  相似文献   

基坑围护钢筋混凝土支撑精确爆破拆除          下载免费PDF全文

温尊礼  顾月兵  韩文红 《探矿工程》2015,42(3):80-84

介绍了南京新城科技园国际研发总部园基坑支撑体系精确爆破拆除实例。针对大面积、大体量的支撑拆除,提出了精确爆破参数、科学起爆网络、可靠安全防护措施方案,取得了良好的爆破效果。  相似文献   

A GIS Approach to Exploring Monetary Value on Enclosure Era Property-Related Maps     

Christopher Macdonald Hewitt 《The Cartographic journal》2017,54(2):106-114

Historical enclosure era property-related maps can tell us a great deal about the life and times of communities in the past. This study offers a unique approach to studying the historical landscape by applying GIS techniques to the examination of an eighteenth-century English village. Using novel GIS applications relying on historical maps, the study explores various aspects of the village’s physical and social characteristics. In doing so, the study forges effective linkages between cultural and landscape variables to reveal aspects of the historical landscape in eighteenth-century Britain previously inaccessible to researchers. This, in turn, provides a much more comprehensive and sophisticated template for future use by historical geographers in a number of contexts.  相似文献   

影响AIN陶瓷热导率因素的研究     

梁秀红  梁广川 《海洋技术学报》1999,18(1):77-79

可用于海洋敏感器件封装的氮化铝陶瓷材料具有高的热导率特性,本文对它的热导率进行了实验研究。分析了影响烧结样品密度和热导率的因素。  相似文献   

富营养化湖泊围隔中重建水生植被及其生态效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡旭  何亮  曹特  倪乐意  谢平 《湖泊科学》2014,26(3):349-357

水体富营养化导致水生植被衰退、蓝藻水华暴发、水质恶化和水生生态系统崩溃.恢复水生植被被认为是改善受损水体水质和提高其生态系统稳定性的重要手段.本研究通过构建大型围隔,根据水生植物的耐污程度及其对水质和底质等条件的需求,选取几种适宜的水生植物在围隔内进行移栽与群落构建,并以不移栽水生植物的围隔和围隔外水体作为对照.实验期间(2011年4月至2012年6月),围隔内移栽的几种水生植物全部存活,并建立了相对稳定的群落.同时还跟踪监测了3个处理组的水质情况,结果显示,移栽水生植物的围隔内水质明显优于围隔外,与未移栽水生植物围隔相比,也有很大程度的改善,其中移栽水生植物围隔内水体的总氮、铵态氮、总磷、水下消光系数相比于围隔外水体分别低30.55%、44.09%、36.04%和42.13%,相比于未移栽水生植物围隔内水体分别低5.96%、13.40%、6.70%和7.60%,透明度分别比围隔外水体和未移栽水生植物围隔水体高74.59%和8.70%,浮游植物生物量也大大低于围隔外,而浮游动物生物量却明显高于后者.此外,实验后移栽水生植物围隔内沉积物氮、磷含量及其间隙水总氮、总磷、铵态氮浓度明显低于围隔外和未移栽水生植物围隔.研究表明,在富营养化浅水湖泊中通过建立围隔进行合理的群落配置,进而逐步恢复水生植物是完全可行的,而水生植物恢复后加强对其管理和维护至关重要.  相似文献   

近百余年(1900—2020年)洞庭湖湿地演化驱动因素分析     

张英豪  王殿常  吴兴华  赖锡军 《湖泊科学》2023,35(5):1786-1795

自20世纪以来,在自然以及人类活动共同作用下,洞庭湖湿地面积与格局发生显著变化。本文在综合大量历史资料、相关文献以及数据的基础上,采用分段线性回归方法将近百余年(1900—2020年)洞庭湖湿地面积与格局变化划分为4个阶段,并重点分析了各阶段影响湿地演化的驱动因子及相互作用关系。1900年以来,洞庭湖湿地面积变化可分为1900—1949年的明显下降期、1950—1978年的快速萎缩期、1979—1998年的稳定期以及1999年至今的略微回升期,湿地景观格局变化经历了新中国成立前的相对稳定阶段、1950s—1990s的水域向洲滩转化阶段以及21世纪以来的洲滩向水域转化阶段。不同时期,由于社会经济与生产力水平的差异,湿地演变的驱动因素存在差异,导致湿地演变的速率与方向有所不同。围湖垦殖与退田还湖是导致湿地面积发生改变的主要因素,气象波动、水库建设、湖区采砂以及河道整治等则通过改变入湖水文泥沙情势影响湿地格局变化,并影响围湖垦殖与退田还湖等活动。为满足经济发展要求,政府在湿地演变中的参与度逐渐增加,对围湖垦殖的态度发生了“鼓励—参与—禁止—还湖”的转变,为近百余年洞庭湖湿地演化的核心驱动要素...  相似文献   

Performance of masonry enclosure walls: lessons learned from recent earthquakes   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

Romeu Silva Vicente  Hugo Rodrigues  Humberto Varum  Aníbal Costa  Jos António Raimundo Mendes da Silva 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2012,11(1):23-34

This paper discusses the issue of performance requirements and construction criteria for masonry enclosure and infill walls.Vertical building enclosures in European countries are very often constituted by non-load-bearing masonry walls, using horizontally perforated clay bricks.These walls are generally supported and confined by a reinforced concrete frame structure of columns and beams/slabs.Since these walls are commonly considered to be nonstructural elements and their influence on the structural response is ignored,their consideration in the design of structures as well as their connection to the adjacent structural elements is frequently negligent or insufficiently detailed.As a consequence,nonstructural elements,as for wall enclosures,are relatively sensitive to drift and acceleration demands when buildings are subjected to seismic actions. Many international standards and technical documents stress the need for design acceptability criteria for nonstructural elements,however they do not specifically indicate how to prevent collapse and severe cracking,and how to enhance the overall stability in the case of moderate to high seismic loading.Furthermore,a review of appropriate measures to improve enclosure wall performance and both in-plane and out-of-plane integrity under seismic actions is addressed.  相似文献