热液中铅、锌、银共生分异的热力学探讨   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

尚林波  樊文苓  胡瑞忠  邓海琳 《矿物学报》2004,24(1):81-86

通过元素基本性质的对比以及热力学计算分析，探讨了热液中银、铅、锌的共生分异机制。在酸性至近中性条件下，氯配合物是它们在热液中的存在形式，其中锌氯配合物最稳定；在近中性到碱性条件下，硫氢配合物占主导地位，此时，银硫氢配合物相对最稳定。温度下降、[Cr]降低、pH升高及f(O2)降低，引起银、铅、锌配合物溶解度减小，发生沉淀分离；对于硫氢配合物，其稳定性主要受pH及还原硫浓度的影响。因此，配合物的不同存在形式以及配合物稳定性之间的差异，使得它们对热液条件的改变做出不同的响应，从而导致了热液中银、铅、锌在成矿过程中的共生分异。  相似文献   

Hydrothermal Mineralization on the Mesoproterozoic Passive Continental Margins of China： A Case Study of the Langshan-Zha＇ertaishan Belt, Inner Mongolia, China     

PENGRunmin ZHAIYusheng 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(2):534-547

Most ore-forming characteristics of the Langshan-Zha‘ertaishan hydrothermal exhalation belt, which consists of the Dongshengmiao, Huogeqi, Tanyaokou and Jiashengpan large-superlarge Zn-Pb-Cu-Fe sulfide deposits, are most similar to those of Mesoproterozoic SEDEX-type provinces of the world. The characteristics include: (1) All deposits of this type in the belt occur in third-order fault-basins in the Langshan-Zha‘ertaishan aulacogen along the northern margin of the North China Platform; (2) these deposits with all their orebodies hosted in the Mesoproterozoic impure dolomite-marble and carbonaceous phyllite (or schists) have an apparent stratabound nature; ores display laminated and banded structures, showing clear depositional features; (3) there is some evidence of syn-sedimentary faulting, which to a certain extent accounts for the temporal and spatial distribution and the size of the orebodies in all deposits and the formation of intrabed conglomerates and breccias; (4) they show lateral and vertical zonation of sulfides; (5) The Cu/(Pb Zn Cu) ratio of the large and thick Pb Zn Cu orebodies gradually decreases from bottom to top; and (6) barite is interbedded with pyrites and sometimes with sphalerite. However, some characteristics such as the Co/Ni radio of the pyrites, the volcanism, for example, of the Langshan-Zha‘ertalshan metallogenic belt, are different from those of the typical SEDEX deposits of the world. The meta-basic volcanic rock in Huogeqi, the sodic bimodal volcanic rocks in the Dongshengmiao and potassic bimodal-volcanic rocks with blastoporphyfitic and blasto-glomeroporphyritic texture as well as blasto-amygdaloidal structure in the Tanyaokou deposits have been discovered in the only ore-bearing second formation of the Langshan Group in the past 10 years. The metallogeny of some deposits hosted in the Langshan Group is closely related to syn-sedimentary volcanism based on the following facts: most of the lead isotopes in sphalerite, galena, pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite plot on both sides of the line for the mantle or between the lines for the mantle and lower crust in the lead isotope composition diagram; cobalt content of some pyrites samples is much higher than the nickel content (Co/Ni= 11.91-12.19). Some volcanic blocks and debris have been picked out from some pyritic and pyrrhotitic ores. All Zn-Pb-Cu-Fe sulfide orebodies in these deposits occur in the strata overlying metamorphic volcanic rocks in the only ore-bearing second formation. In the Jiashengpan deposit that lacks syn-sedimentary volcanic rocks in the host succession only Pb and Zn ores occur without Cu ore, but in the Dongshengmiao, Tanyaokou and Huogeqi deposits with syn-sedimentary volcanic rocks in the host succession Cu ores occur. This indicates a relatively higher ore-forming temperature. The process of synsedimentary volcanic eruption directly supplied some ore-forming elements, and resulted in secular geothermal anomaly favorable for the circulation of a submarine convective hydrothermal system, which accounts for the precipitation of deep mineralizing fluids exhaling into anoxidic basins along the syn-sedimentary fault system in the Langshan-Zha‘ertai rift. The Dongshengmiao, Tanyaokou, and Huogeqi deposits hosted in the Langshan Group appear to be a transitional type of mineral deposit between SEDEX and VMS-types but with a bias towards SEDEX, while the Jiashengpan deposit hosted in the Zha‘ertai Group is of a characteristic SEDEX type. This evidence, together with other new discoveries of Mesoproterozoic volcanic rocks and the features of lithogeny and metallogeny of the Bayun Obo deposit in the neighborhood emphasize the diversity, complexity and uniqueness of the Mesoproterozoic Langshan-Zha‘ertal-Bayun Obo ore belt.  相似文献   

阳山盆地铀成矿条件及找矿前景分析     

毛孟才 《华东铀矿地质》2004,(2):8-13

阳山火山盆地位于赣杭带东段寿昌一梅城火山喷发亚带东端，足又叠置于寿昌一梅城大型火山盆地之上的次级继承式负向火山构造，为该区中生代火山活动进入第二亚旋回所形成的火山沉陷盆地。因铀矿品位特别高、埋藏浅、采易性能好而著名的下梓州(199)热液—淋积叠加型富铀矿床即产于阳山火山盆地的西缘。本文在分析区域铀成矿地质背景及盆地特征的基础上，详细论述了盆地铀成矿特征和成矿条件，进一步指明了该盆地的找矿前景。研究认为盆地西侧与199富铀矿床相毗邻的289铀矿化点及其外围是该盆地今后寻找富铀矿的最佳地段。  相似文献   

利用遥感综合分析西风引导气流与地形对沙尘运移路径的影响   总被引：2，自引：7，他引：2  

刘志丽  马建文  张仁健  王志刚  哈斯巴干  李启青 《中国沙漠》2004,24(3):330-334

沙尘暴的发生受大气环流、地表状况、降雨的影响，还受到局部地区地形的影响。一次规模较大的沙尘暴过程，沙尘可以从蒙古国和我国西部沙源地输送到我国东部、韩国、日本乃至夏威夷、美国西海岸。中日亚洲沙尘暴ADEC项目对亚洲沙尘暴的起沙、传输和降落的运行机制已经作了深入的研究，并建立了亚洲沙尘暴的数值模拟系统。本文以影响北京地区的沙尘暴事件为例，利用遥感技术，综合DEM地形数据和地面实测数据分析西风引导气流和地形对沙尘运移路径影响，将MODIs影像数据和DEM地形数据以及地面观测站点实测数据相结合，进行综合分析，结果表明在一次沙尘暴过程中，沙尘在运移过程中的运移路径明显地受到西风引导气流、沙尘粒子自然沉降规律以及局部地形的影响，要预防(减少)北京地区的沙尘暴仅仅作好北京地区的生态环境建设是不够的，加强北京周边地区，尤其是张家口地区、官厅水库库区及库区周围地区的生态环境建设尤为重要。  相似文献   

EPR 9-10°N热液烟囱体的结构特征与生长历史   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

彭晓彤  周怀阳 《中国科学D辑》2005,35(8):720-728

对Alvin深潜器采集的4个EPR9-10°N热液烟囱体样品进行了结构和矿物地球化学研究,建立了不同烟囱体的形成环境和生长历史. EPR9-10°N热液烟囱体在形态、结构和组成上的差异, 反映了不同的两类热液沉积环境: 类型Ⅰ烟囱体形成于高温、较强酸性、强还原性热液集中流环境, 类型Ⅱ烟囱体则形成于相对低温、较弱酸性、富锌的还原性热液环境. 类型Ⅰ烟囱体的生长始于硬石膏的形成, 在此基础上, Cu-Fe-Zn硫化物在烟囱内各方向上的交代和沉淀过程决定了类型Ⅰ烟囱体的最终结构. 早期、中期、晚期硫化物形成阶段的建立恢复了类型Ⅰ烟囱体形成过程中温度变化和化学反应变化的历史. 与类型Ⅰ烟囱体不同, 类型Ⅱ烟囱体早期黄铁矿淬火结晶和闪锌矿结晶为烟囱体的生长提供了基础.  相似文献   

The mechanisms of paragenesis and separation of silver, lead and zinc in hydrothermal solutions     

尚林波胡瑞忠  樊文苓 《中国地球化学学报》2005,24(1):82-89

On the basis of an experimental study and thermodynamic calculation, the mechanisms of paragenesis and separation of silver, lead and zinc in the hydrothermal system have been studied. At acidic to nearly neutral pH, their chloride complexes are stable, and among them the chloride complexes of zinc are most stable. And the sulfide complexes are the dominant species at nearly neutral to alkaline pH,while the sulfide complexes of silver are most stable. With decreasing temperature, [ Cl^-] ,fO2, and increasing pH, the solubilities of silver, lead and zinc will decrease, leading to their deposition and separation. For sulfide complexes, the concentrations of reduced sulfur and pH are two important factors affecting their stabilities. Complexes of different forms and stabilities respond to the variation of conditions to different extents, which gave rise to the paragenesis and separation of silver, lead and zinc in the whole ore-forming process of dissolution, transport and deposition.  相似文献   

川西坳陷南段天然气来源与碳同位素地球化学研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

樊然学  周洪忠  蔡开平 《地球学报》2005,26(2):157-162

川西坳陷南段是四川盆地主要的天然气产区之一。前人对该区天然气的来源有多种见解。为了更清楚地认识此地区天然气的来源与运移，本文分析了平落坝、大兴西和白马庙气田16件天然气样品的C1-C4烃及CO2组份的碳同位素组成。所获得的同位素数据结合化学成份和地质资料表明，3个气田的烃类完全是热解成因的，都来源于气田下面的上三叠统烃源岩。这些气田的甲、乙烷碳同位素组成随深度呈不同规律的变化，这些变化归因于烃源岩生烃的热解过程和烃类运移的动力学过程。平落坝气田中侏罗统气藏的烃类大部份形成于烃源岩低成熟和成熟的早期阶段并受到晚期成熟气体的不断补给。平落坝和大兴西气田多数气藏的烃类被认为是从源区垂直向上运移通过上伏地层而进入气藏的，白马庙气田的烃类被认为是沿断裂通道向上侏罗统气藏聚集的。平落坝和大兴西气田的δ^13Cco2值有很宽的分布范围(-10.7‰～-0.7‰)，这表明气田的CO2由来自基底的海洋碳酸盐岩无机碳成份和沉积地层的有机碳成份混合而成。这些气田的[He／CH4]-[N2／CH4]值之间和δ^13Cco2-δ^13Cc1值之间的相关性表明，非烃气体在进入气藏前已同烃类很好地混合，并被CH4为主流相的气流携带着向气藏运移。  相似文献   

雅满苏铁矿床地质特征及成因浅析     

王兴保 《地质找矿论丛》2005,20(8):125-128

雅满苏铁矿矿体的空间分布受成矿期断裂构造的控制，呈透镜状、舒缓波状延伸，分3个层位产出。铁矿的形成与火山热液活动关系密切，矿体中既有热液活动的特征又有矿质流体贯入的特征，早期热液活动形成交代充填型矿石，后期富铁流体贯入充填后形成品位较高的磁铁矿体。  相似文献   

尖峰北盆地含气流体运聚疏导组合特征及对水合物成藏的控制作用     

黄伟  张伟  梁金强  尚久靖  孟苗苗  林霖  徐梦婕 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2020,40(4):148-161

南海北部陆坡尖峰北盆地发育良好的气源及含气流体运聚疏导条件,具备较好的天然气水合物成藏潜力。为深入揭示尖峰北盆地水合物的成藏地质特征,基于高精度三维多道地震、浅地层剖面、多波束资料,深入分析了研究区深、浅部含气流体运聚疏导通道的地质、地球物理特征及对水合物成藏的控制作用。详细刻画了研究区深、浅部主要含气流体疏导通道的形态特征、发育规模、分布特点及对含气流体运聚的控制作用;重点剖析了深、浅部含气流体疏导通道组合特征及与水合物分布的耦合关系,最后结合水合物成藏地质条件,探讨了研究区水合物的成藏模式及影响因素。研究结果表明:尖峰北盆地的含气流体疏导通道主要以断裂型为主,亮点反射、反射空白带、BSR、声空白、声浑浊等含气流体运聚及水合物赋存指示标志多出现在沟源断层、古隆起伴生断层、多边形断层的顶部及邻近区域。以T3反射界面为界,其下伏沟源断层、古隆起伴生断层与上覆多边形断层构成的深、浅部含气流体疏导通道在垂向上相连通,沟通了深部气源层与浅层水合物稳定域,形成了"沟源断层—多边形断层"与"古隆起伴生断层—多边形断层"两种含气流体运移与水合物成藏模式。多边形断层的存在一方面促进了含气流体向浅层发生"中继疏导",控制水合物富集成藏;另一方面,在多边形断层密集发育段,强烈的流体充注会引起局部温压平衡破坏和水合物分解、渗漏,导致"断续型"BSR的产生。浅层气体的渗漏和扩散可以持续作用至海底并对海底形态进行改造,导致海底滑塌、断裂、麻坑、丘状体等一系列海底微地貌的形成。  相似文献   

珊瑚礁对热液流体的地球化学记录—来自南海西沙永兴岛珊瑚礁稀土元素的证据     

魏浩天  刘刚  韩孝辉  赵彦彦  吴佳庆  杨俊 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2020,40(4):78-95

碳酸盐岩中稀土元素的含量、配分模式及元素异常记录了周围沉积水体的特征,能够很好地指示古海洋及沉积环境。珊瑚具有的高分辨率和稀土元素的高稳定性的特点,能够忠实地记录周围海水的地球化学特征。本文以南海西沙宣德环礁永兴岛142～84 ka发育的珊瑚礁为研究对象,通过主微量元素含量,尤其是稀土元素含量及其配分图解,判断珊瑚礁形成时周围水体的特征。结果表明自142 ka以来,永兴岛大部分珊瑚礁具有正常海相碳酸盐岩的稀土配分特征,表现为LREE亏损,Ce负异常及高的Y/Ho比值,表明周围水体属于开阔的浅海,但是位于23 m处(年龄为114 ka)的滨珊瑚骨骼格架除了有正常海相碳酸盐岩的特征外,还具有明显的Eu正异常,这表明其形成时有热液流体的加入。经过模型计算,认为在滨珊瑚骨骼格架的生长阶段,至少有0.1%的热液加入周围的海水中。通过资料查询和年龄对比,认为这些热液可能与高尖石岛或海南岛火山活动有关。  相似文献