Structure transitions of clay fills in North-Western Bohemia     

V. Herbstov  I. Herle 《Engineering Geology》2009,104(3-4):157-166

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Electrical Resistivity Imaging technique to delineate coal seam barrier thickness and demarcate water filled voids     

N. S. Krishnamurthy  V. Ananda Rao  Dewashish Kumar  K. K. K. Singh  Shakeel Ahmed 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(5):639-650

Exploration and exploitation of coal seams is one of the major resources for the energy sector in any country but at the same time water filled voids/water logged areas in the old workings of these seams are very critical problems for the coal mining industry. In such situations, disasters like inundation, landslides, collapsing of the old seams may occur. In this regard, it is necessary to find out the water saturated/water filled voids and zones in the mining areas. Since no established technique is available to find such zones, an experimental study using Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) has been carried out in one of the coal mining areas near Dhanbad, to find out the feasibility of finding the barrier thickness and the water logged area in underground coal mines. The area under study forms part of Jharia coalfield in Dhanbad district, Jharkhand state. The coal bearing rocks of Barakar Formation of Lower Permian age (Gondwana period) occur in the area under a thin cover (10 m to15 m) of soil and or alluvium. Coal bearing Barakar Formations consist mainly of sandstone of varying grain size, intercalation of shale and sandstone, grey and carbonaceous-shale and coal seams. Since the water saturation reduces the resistivity of a formation to a large extent, water filled voids and old coal workings are expected to have significant resistivity contrast with the surrounding host rock. Hence, ERI technique was applied in such an environment as this technique uses high-density data acquisition both laterally and vertically by using multiple number of electrodes. Along with ERI, mise-à-la-masse (also called charged body) technique was also employed at one of the promising sites to find out the connectivity of water logged areas and also detection of these old workings from the surface measurements was analyzed. The interpreted 2D resistivity sections have clearly indicated the water bearing zone(s) along the profile which was well confirmed with the existing water level in the nearby borewells. On the other hand, this technique did not identify the size of the coal pillar and gallery (air filled voids), which might be due to the small size of the voids (i.e. about 2 m × 2 m) below a depth of 15m and more but have indicated altogether as a high resistive zone ranging from 600–1000 Ohm-m.  相似文献   

Trace elements in world steam coal and their behaviour in Dutch coal-fired power stations: A review     

R. Meij  B.H. te Winkel 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2009,77(3-4):289-293

Trace elements associated with the combustion of coal have received more attention recently, as can be seen from the increasing demands laid down in legislation and permits.Knowledge of the trace element content of coal is essential. Coal used in the Netherlands is imported from all over the world. As a consequence, Dutch power stations are designed to burn a wide range of bituminous coals. The largest share nowadays originates from South Africa, Colombia, and Indonesia, with these three countries accounting for more than 85% of the coal fired in the Netherlands in recent years. The coals, as imported in the Netherlands, have been monitored for their (trace) element content. At present the database contains results of own analyses of about 170 coals, originating from 14 different countries. An important uncertainty was the question of how homogeneous the imported lots are. It appears that the lots as imported from overseas are fairly homogeneous.The behaviour and fate of trace elements in coal-fired power stations has been studied in more than 40 mass balance studies since 1977. More than 50 test series have been completed during co-combustion of biomass and waste materials (up to 40% on mass base) since 1993. It has therefore been possible to establish a relationship between (trace) elements in the fuel and the ash, as well as with emissions into the atmosphere.  相似文献   

Application of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to examination of carbonized coal blends     

B. Pilawa  S. Pusz  M. Krzesi&#x;ska  A. Koszorek  B. Kwieci&#x;ska 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2009,77(3-4):372-376

Paramagnetic centers in two- and three-component coal blends carbonized at 1000 °C were studied by X-band (9.3 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique. The blends were prepared from three different Polish coals with carbon contents [wt.%]: 88.66, 86.21, and 82.67, respectively. The aim of this work was to compare EPR parameters and concentrations of paramagnetic centers in the initial and carbonized coal samples. Furthermore the spin–spin and spin–lattice interactions were characterized.EPR spectra were measured with magnetic modulation 100 kHz and microwave power 0.7 mW. Amplitudes and linewidths of EPR spectra were obtained. g-Factors were calculated from resonance condition. Concentrations of paramagnetic centers in the samples were determined. Influence of microwave power in the range 0.7–70 mW on EPR spectra was analyzed.All the studied samples revealed paramagnetism. Unpaired electrons are localized in the same atoms, because similar g-values in the range 2.0035–2.0038 were obtained for all the original samples. The EPR parameters of coal blends were additive in comparison with the parent coals. EPR spectra strongly changed after carbonization of the coal samples. Narrower EPR lines were measured for the original coal samples than for carbonized ones. We detected lower concentrations of paramagnetic centers in carbonized three-component coal blends than in two-component carbonized blends. EPR lines of the studied carbonized blends were not saturated at the microwave power used, which suggests fast spin–lattice relaxation processes in the samples. EPR examination proved chemical interactions between coal constituents during carbonization of coal blends.  相似文献   

Geochemistry and petrology of selected coal samples from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua, Indonesia   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

Harvey E. Belkin  Susan J. Tewalt  James C. Hower  J.D. Stucker  J.M.K. O'Keefe 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2009,77(3-4):260-268

Indonesia has become the world's largest exporter of thermal coal and is a major supplier to the Asian coal market, particularly as the People's Republic of China is now (2007) and perhaps may remain a net importer of coal. Indonesia has had a long history of coal production, mainly in Sumatra and Kalimantan, but only in the last two decades have government and commercial forces resulted in a remarkable coal boom. A recent assessment of Indonesian coal-bed methane (CBM) potential has motivated active CBM exploration. Most of the coal is Paleogene and Neogene, low to moderate rank and has low ash yield and sulfur (generally < 10 and < 1 wt.%, respectively). Active tectonic and igneous activity has resulted in significant rank increase in some coal basins. Eight coal samples are described that represent the major export and/or resource potential of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua. Detailed geochemistry, including proximate and ultimate analysis, sulfur forms, and major, minor, and trace element determinations are presented. Organic petrology and vitrinite reflectance data reflect various precursor flora assemblages and rank variations, including sample composites from active igneous and tectonic areas. A comparison of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) elements abundance with world and US averages show that the Indonesian coals have low combustion pollution potential.  相似文献   

红层与煤系复合结构覆岩采动破坏分析及其应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张改玲董青红  隋旺华陈德俊王连奎  赵庆杰 《工程地质学报》2004,12(1):41-44

许多矿区煤层采动影响范围内的覆岩层由红层和煤层共同构成。本文研究了山东省太平煤矿东区二叠系 3号煤层覆岩破坏和防水煤柱留设的问题 ,在对上覆第四系水文地质条件分析的基础上 ,对红层和煤系复合结构覆岩的工程地质特征和破坏状况进行了分析 ,确定了合理的防水煤岩柱高度 ,并经过开采验证 ,避免了水害发生.  相似文献   

平顶山矿区环境地质问题及防治对策     

王现国  吴东民  牛波  杜春彦 《地质灾害与环境保护》2004,15(3):6-10,16

采用大量调查数据对平顶山矿区环境地质问题进行了详细的分析研究．区内主要有地面变形、水资源系统破坏、土地资源破坏、矿坑突水、瓦斯突出、水土流失等环境地质问题,其环境地质问题十分突出,已严重制约了矿区国民经济可持续发展。作者根据实际情况提出了平顶山矿区环境地质问题的防治措施．避免、减轻或得以治理．并对防治投资、管理提出了建议。  相似文献   

Evolution of the depositional environments of the Jurassic Walloon Coal Measures,Surat Basin,Queensland, Australia     

Carmine C. Wainman  Peter J. McCabe 《Sedimentology》2019,66(5):1673-1699

The Jurassic Walloon Coal Measures of the Surat Basin in eastern Australia host the continent's most significant coal bed methane resources. Previous studies have interpreted the Walloon Coal Measures within a single depositional facies model encompassing a wholly terrestrial setting. Using a multidisciplinary approach (facies analysis, palynology and wireline logs), the evolution of the Walloon Coal Measures is described within a new chronostratigraphic framework defined by accurate and precise U–Pb tuff dates. Analysis of sedimentary facies indicates that the majority of the Walloon Coal Measures was deposited by relatively small (<300 m wide), low gradient rivers on a poorly‐drained floodplain with numerous small lakes and mires. However, this study also identified some marine‐influenced facies with brackish palynomorphs (notably dinoflagellate cysts) and tidal sedimentary structures. These facies appear to have been deposited in estuaries during times of transgression. The evidence for base level shifts suggests that the coals may not have coevally accumulated with at least some of the thicker sandstones. Palaeogeographic maps for eleven time intervals suggest that rivers drained towards to the south/south‐west and south‐east, as indicated by sandstone percentage and gross unit isopach maps, presumably into proximal estuarine complexes. Marine incursions into the continent probably came from the north and east during times of high eustatic sea level and as precursors to those of the more persistent and extensive transgressions of the Early Cretaceous. A similar multidisciplinary approach should help to elucidate the evolution of other fluviolacustrine systems in other basins and aid in resource prediction.  相似文献   

江西相山铀矿田深部多金属矿化成矿流体来源:流体包裹体He-Ar同位素证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘军港  李子颖  聂江涛  王健 《大地构造与成矿学》2019,43(2):271-282

江西相山铀矿田西部地区实施的铀矿科学深钻3号孔在深部–700 m发现大量铅锌银多金属矿化脉,垂向上呈"上铀下多金属"的分布特征。本文对深部多金属矿化主成矿阶段的黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿进行了流体包裹体He和Ar同位素组成测定,结果表明,相山深部多金属矿化主成矿阶段的黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿具有较一致的He、Ar同位素组成,矿物内流体包裹体的~3He含量范围为4.55×10^–14～1560×10^–14 cm^3·STP/g,~4He含量范围为1.05×10^–7～525×10^–7 cm^3·STP/g,~3 He/~4He为2.98×10^–7～4.96×10^–7,即0.21～0.35 Ra,介于地壳(0.01～0.05 Ra)和饱和大气水(1 Ra)之间,明显低于地幔的~3 He/~4He值(6～9 Ra),⁴⁰Ar浓度为0.969×10^–7～157×10^–7 cm^3·STP/g,⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar值为303.7～573.9,略高于饱和大气水的Ar同位素组成,结合矿石和蚀变岩石中Li元素富集特征,本文认为相山西部地区深部多金属成矿流体以地壳流体和大气降水为主,成矿流体富Li元素是He同位素明显高于地壳的原因,可能存在少量幔源流体的加入。另外,通过对比前人研究的该地区铀矿化矿石中黄铁矿He-Ar同位素组成,并结合前人对该地区幔源组分明显参与铀成矿的认识,本文认为多金属矿化和铀矿化成矿流体可能并非同一来源。  相似文献   

南海边缘海多金属结核与大洋多金属结核对比     

殷征欣  王海峰  韩金生  吕修亚  沈泽中  陈静  贺惠忠  谢安远  关瑶  董超 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(1):261-277

本文通过系统对比分析前人研究成果,研究了南海边缘海多金属结核的成矿特征,结果表明：南海边缘海结核的矿物组成与大洋结核相似,均主要由锰相矿物和铁相矿物组成,其中锰相矿物主要为水羟锰矿和钡镁锰矿,铁相矿物主要以无定型铁氧化/氢氧化物形式存在,另外南海边缘海结核中含有大量硅酸盐矿物,表明在南海结核成矿过程中受到大量的陆源碎屑矿物混杂;相对于大洋主要经济成矿区的多金属结核,南海边缘海多金属结核中主要的经济元素如Mn、Cu、Co、Ni和Zn质量分数较低,而亲陆源性元素如Fe、Ti、P、Nb、Pb、Rb、Sc、Ta、Sr、Th和REY（REE和Y）等质量分数较高;南海边缘海多金属结核的元素地球化学特征和REE配分模式显示其为水成成因,并呈现更低的Mn/Fe值;同时南海边缘海结核也具有较快的平均生长速率及较高的δCe正异常,表明其生长在更为氧化的海水环境。虽然较快的沉积物沉积速率和动荡的海水环境影响了南海边缘海结核的成矿,但大量陆源物质进入海洋也为南海边缘海结核提供了丰富的成矿物质来源,便于南海边缘海结核的快速生长成矿。南海边缘海结核富集有Fe、Ti、Pb、Rb、Th和REY等金属元素,同样可以作为极具潜力的海洋矿产资源。南海边缘海多金属结核具有其独特的地球化学特征,与大洋多金属结核存在着明显差异。  相似文献