The Unusual Absorption Line Spectrum of Quasar SDSS J2220+0109     

Ji Tuo  Zhou Hong-yan  Wang Ting-gui  Wang Hui-yuan 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2013

We report the Balmer broad absorption lines (BALs) in the quasar SDSS J2220 + 0109 discovered from the SDSS data, and present a detailed analysis of the peculiar absorption line spectrum, including the He I* multiplet at λλ3189, 3889 arising from the metastable 2³s-state helium and the Balmer Hα and Hβ lines from the excited hydrogen H I of n = 2 level, which are rarely seen in quasar spectra, as well as many absorption lines arising from the excited Fe II* of the levels 7 955 cm⁻¹, 13 474 cm⁻¹ and 13 673 cm⁻¹ in the wavelength range 3100∼3300 Å. Ca II H, K absorption line doublets also clearly appear in the SDSS spectrum. All absorption lines show a similar blueshifted velocity structure of Δv ≈ − 1500 ∼ 0 km·s⁻¹ relative to the quasar's systematic redshift determined from the emission lines. Detailed analysis suggests that the Balmer absorption lines should arise from the partially ionized region with a column density of N_HI ≈ 10²¹ cm⁻² for an electron density of ne ∼ 10⁶ cm⁻³; and that the hydrogen n = 2 level may be populated via collisional excitation with Lyα pumping.  相似文献   

Reduction in Exhaust Gas Temperature of Biodiesel Fueled Engine by Exhaust Gas Recirculation     

Arumugam Sakunthalai Ramadhas  Chandrasekaran Muraleedharan  Simon Jayaraj 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2008,36(12):978-983

Biodiesel is a renewable alternative fuel that can be used as substitute for mineral diesel. The use of biodiesel in diesel engines reduces all of the exhaust emissions expect NO_x. The higher temperature in the combustion chamber increases the NO_x emissions. The recirculation of a small percentage of cooled exhaust gases into the combustion chamber through the intake manifold reduces the in‐cylinder temperature. Moreover, the cooling of exhaust gases before mixing with fresh air introduced to the engine does not affect its volumetric efficiency but it absorbs the heat of combustion. This leads to a reduction in NO_x emissions and improves the engine brake thermal efficiency. This paper describes the investigation of the performance and emission characteristics of a biodiesel‐fueled, naturally aspirated, single cylinder diesel engine with cooled exhaust gas recirculation.  相似文献   

Dust emission by off-road driving: Experiments on 17 arid soil types, Nevada, USA   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Dirk Goossens  Brenda Buck 《Geomorphology》2009,107(3-4):118-138

Field experiments were conducted in Nellis Dunes Recreational Area (Clark County, Nevada, USA) to investigate emission of dust produced by off-road driving. Experiments were carried out with three types of vehicles: 4-wheelers (quads), dirt bikes (motorcycles) and dune buggies, on 17 soil types characteristic for a desert environment. Tests were done at various driving speeds, and emissions were measured for a large number of grain size fractions. This paper reports the results for two size fractions of emissions: PM10 (particles < 10 μm) and PM60 (particles < 60 μm). The latter was considered in this study to be sufficiently representative of the total suspendable fraction (TSP). Off-road driving was found to be a significant source of dust. However, the amounts varied greatly with the type of soil and the characteristics of the top layer. Models predicting emission of dust by off-road driving should thus consider a number of soil parameters and not just one key parameter. Vehicle type and driving speed are additional parameters that affect emission. In general, 4-wheelers produce more dust than dune buggies, and dune buggies, more than dirt bikes. Higher speeds also result in higher emissions. Dust emitted by off-road driving is less coarse than the parent sediment on the road surface. Off-road driving thus results in a progressive coarsening of the top layer. Exceptions to this are silty surfaces with no, or almost no, vegetation. For such surfaces no substantial differences were observed between the grain size distribution of road dust and emitted dust. Typical emission values for off-road driving on dry desert soils are: for sandy areas, 30–40 g km^− 1 (PM10) and 150–250 g km^− 1 (TSP); for silty areas, 100–200 g km^− 1 (PM10) and 600–2000 g km^− 1 (TSP); for drainages, 30–40 g km^− 1 (PM10) and 100–400 g km^− 1 (TSP); and for mixed terrain, 60–100 g km^− 1 (PM10) and 300–800 g km^− 1 (TSP). These values are for the types of vehicles tested in this study and do not refer to cars or trucks, which produce significantly more dust.  相似文献   

医用PET系统技术概述     

曾海宁  刘小平  赵明 《CT理论与应用研究》2006,15(2):28-32

PET(正电子发射成像)是当今高层次的核医学技术。它综合了核技术、核电子学、计算机、数据处理等领域中的尖端技术,是当前医学界最先进的大型医疗诊断成像设备之一,在肿瘤、心血管疾病和神经系统疾病的临床诊断中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文以国产32环高档临床PET为例,较详细地介绍了PET设备的工作原理、总体基本结构及各子系统基本功能,对PET整机性能及其临床应用也做了简述。  相似文献   

Changes in air pollutants during the COVID-19 lockdown in Beijing:Insights from a machine-learning technique and implications for future control policy          下载免费PDF全文

Jiabao Hu  Yuepeng Pan  Yuexin He  Xiyuan Chi  Qianqian Zhang  Tao Song  Weishou Shen 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(4):63-69

基于2015-2020年北京35个环境空气站和20个气象站观测资料,应用机器学习方法(随机森林算法)分离了气象条件和源排放对大气污染物浓度的影响.结果发现,为应对疫情采取的隔离措施使北京2020年春节期间大气污染物浓度降低了35.1％-51.8％;其中,背景站氮氧化物和一氧化碳浓度的降幅最大,超过了以往报道较多的交通站...  相似文献   

A complex diagnostic of solar prominences     

P. Heinzel  V. Bommier  J. C. Vial 《Solar physics》1996,164(1-2):211-222

We use the polarimetric and intensity measurements of H and HeI D₃ lines in solar prominences to derive the true geometrical thickness for several quiescent prominences. The electron densities, derived from the collisional depolarization in H by Bommier et al. (1994), are used to evaluate the thickness from the emission measure. The emission measure was obtained from the theoretical correlation with the H integrated intensity, according to Gouttebroze, Heinzel, and Vial (1993). Theoretical electron densities obtained by latter authors are also compared with those of Bommier et al. (1994) and we find a very good agreement between them. The prominence geometrical thickness exhibits a relatively large range of values from about 100 km up to a few 10⁴ km. The plasma densities vary by almost two orders of magnitude in the observed structures, but the total column mass in the direction perpendicular to the prominence sheet seems to be fairly constant for the set of prominences studied.  相似文献   

自制氢化物发生装置与电感耦合等离子体质谱仪联用测定地质样品中的稀散元素锗和碲   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

程秀花  黎卫亮  郑民奇  王海蓉 《岩矿测试》2016,35(3):265-270

铌、钽在氢氟酸介质中能够形成稳定的溶液,使用耐氢氟酸进样系统的电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)有利于提高分析的准确性。本文采用模块化的小罐型、多罐体组合(70罐/组)酸溶罐体的微波消解溶样模式,结合ICP-OES仪器的耐氢氟酸进样系统,建立了测定铌钽矿中铌、钽的分析方法。本方法加快了酸溶的溶样速度,溶样时间从原来的48 h减少至1 h,且在氢氟酸介质中测定,避免了高含量铌、钽在低酸度介质中容易水解的影响。方法检出限为铌5.58 μg/g,钽5.87 μg/g。本方法应用于测定铌钽精矿(19%Nb₂O₅,27%Ta₂O₅)的分析结果与碱熔方法一致,能够测定Nb₂O₅含量在42 μg/g~19%和Ta₂O₅含量在86 μg/g~27%高低品位的铌钽矿,尤其对于铌、钽在百分含量以上的铌钽矿具有优势。  相似文献   

岩盐中合成烃包裹体与母油的地球化学特征及其在油源对比中的意义     

许锦  席斌斌  蒋宏 《岩矿测试》2016,35(4):389-396

油气包裹体广泛应用于油气成藏研究,但油气包裹体能否继承母油荧光及地球化学特征等,尚缺乏直接的实验证据。本文在开放体系下用NaCl挥发结晶法对一轻质原油进行合成烃类包裹体实验,通过镜下观察和激光剥蚀色谱-质谱技术分析合成的烃包裹体和母油的荧光特征、成分特征及地化特征,研究两者的异同点。结果表明,在NaCl合成烃类包裹体中共发现三种相态的包裹体:纯液相烃包裹体、气液两相烃包裹体和气油水三相包裹体;共有绿黄色荧光、蓝色荧光两种不同颜色的荧光特征。相对于母油,合成包裹体的饱和烃和芳烃类化合物中的轻质组分含量较低,可以推测在母油被捕获成为包裹体的过程中,不同的化学成分存在差异性捕获。但合成包裹体的Pr/Ph等地化参数和不同系列化合物相对含量与母油相差不大,能很好地反映母油的沉积环境等地化特征。因此,包裹体成分信息可以应用于油源对比分析。  相似文献   

草酸铵为基体改进剂石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定碳酸盐岩中的痕量银     

徐国栋  金斌  葛建华  董俊  程江 《岩矿测试》2016,35(2):134-137

目前采用酸溶分解试样,以硫脲或磷酸氢二铵为基体改进剂,应用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)可以直接测定各类地质样品中的痕量银;但应用于测定碳酸盐岩中的痕量银时,基体元素钙镁会产生干扰,同时影响石墨管的使用寿命。本文采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸四酸溶样,硝酸提取,以草酸铵(45.5 g/L)作基体改进剂,试液中的钙镁与草酸铵快速反应生成白色沉淀物而分离,并形成了具有挥发性的铵盐介质环境,可显著提高石墨炉的灰化温度进一步除去铵盐介质,从而消除了基体元素的各种影响。本方法操作简单,经国家标准物质验证,其测定值与标准值的相对偏差均小于10%,检出限为0.010μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=12)小于1.0%。本方法不仅分离了干扰基体,而且比前人采用的一米光栅发射光谱法的检出限(0.04μg/g)更低。  相似文献   

交流电弧直读发射光谱法测定地球化学样品中银、硼、锡、钼、铅的方法研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

郝志红  姚建贞  唐瑞玲  杨帆  李文阁  白金峰  张勤 《地质学报》2016,90(8):2070-2082

本文建立了交流电弧直读原子发射光谱法测定地球化学样品中银、硼、锡、钼、铅的分析方法。以K2S2O7、NaF、Al2O3、碳粉为缓冲剂,Ge为内标,优选了分析线对,曝光时间为25s,同时扣除分析线和内标线背景。选取国家一级地球化学标准物质（GBW07103、GBW07104、GBW07107、GBW07312、GBW07302a、GBW07304a、GBW07305a、GBW07307a、GBW07406、GBW07446、GBW07454、GBW07456）作为标准系列,以对数坐标二次曲线拟合标准曲线,并采取两次平行分析取平均值的计算方法。方法检出限为:Ag:0011×10-6、B:054×10-6、Sn:019×10-6、Mo:0034×10-6、Pb:066×10-6,精密度为:Ag:401%～833%、B:377%～786%、Sn:294%～817%、Mo:303%～1094%、Pb:201%～1111%。经岩石、水系沉积物、土壤国家一级标准物质验证,测定值与认定值符合。本方法操作简便、工作效率高,是一种新的测定地球化学样品中银、硼、锡、钼、铅的分析方法,可推广应用于大批量地球化学样品的分析测试。  相似文献