莫莫格国家级自然保护区的鱼类多样性     

杨富亿  吕宪国  娄彦景  娄晓楠  薛滨  姚书春  肖海丰  王波 《湿地科学》2012,10(2):214-222

2008～2010年,在鱼类资源调查的基础上,分析了莫莫格国家级自然保护区的鱼类多样性特征。调查结果显示,莫莫格国家级自然保护区有鱼类物种5目11科42属49种,其中本区土著种5目10科38属45种,包括中国特有种4种,中国易危种5种,冷水种8种,国家II级保护动物1种。土著种群落中,有鲤形目(Cyprini-formes)鱼类32种,鲤科(Cyprinidae)鱼类29种,鮈亚科(Gobioninae)鱼类13种;古北界北方区黑龙江亚区黑龙江分区的物种为22种;源于东部平原和北方平原生态类群的鱼类有27种;适应于江—湖缓流环境和淡水定居生活的鱼类有33种;草上产卵和水层产卵繁殖的鱼类有37种;杂食性和初级肉食性种类有28种,它们均相对占优势。莫莫格国家级自然保护区与嫩江的鱼类群落物种结构Jaccard系数和Morisita-Horn相似性指数分别为0.918和0.838;稀有种(包括中国易危种)和常见种分别为14种和25种;物种多度格局近似于对数正态分布。这些结果表明,莫莫格国家级自然保护区的鱼类多样性与嫩江密切相关,鱼类区系复杂,物种组成与生态类型多样;群落结构相对较稳定,多样性程度相对较高,但仍面临着稀有种(包括中国易危种)尚占有一定比例而导致群落结构脆弱的潜在威胁。保持嫩江鱼类群落结构的稳定,对维护和发展莫莫格国家级自然保护区的鱼类多样性具有特别重要的意义。  相似文献   

遗传算法优化的支持向量机湿地遥感分类——以洪河国家级自然保护区为例   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

臧淑英  张策  张丽娟  张玉红 《地理科学》2012,(4):434-441

湿地遥感分类作为湿地管理、监测与评价的重要手段,受到了广泛的关注。遗传算法(GA)借鉴了生物进化规律进行启发式搜索寻优,支持向量机(SVM)是一种新型的空间数据挖掘方法,二者相结合可以发挥各自的优势,寻找到支持向量机的全局最优参数,从而较准确地对湿地进行遥感分类。以洪河自然保护区为例,采用遗传算法优化的支持向量机方法进行了湿地遥感分类研究。同格网搜索下的支持向量机湿地遥感分类及最大似然监督分类对比,结果表明,遗传算法优化较格网搜索方式总精度提高了7.29%,较最大似然监督分类提高了12.06%,方法改善了沼泽、草地与裸地三种地物间的区分,是湿地遥感分类的有效手段。  相似文献   

印度夏季风与中国华北降水的遥相关分析及数值模拟   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘芸芸  丁一汇 《气象学报》2008,66(5):789-799

20世纪80年代中国学者揭示了印度夏季风与中国华北降水的正相关关系,以后国内外又有一些研究证实了这种正相关关系的存在.文中利用1951-2005年多种气象资料和数值模拟方法,详细讨论了印度夏季风和中国华北地区夏季降水的关系,并针对由印度西北部经青藏高原到中国华北地区形成的正、负、正的遥相关型,从动力因子和热力因子两方面探讨了其中的内在联系,所得结果不但确证了以往的结论,而且进一步揭示了印度夏季风对华北地区降水的影响机制.结果表明:(1)印度夏季风强(弱)时,华北地区容易出现降水偏多(少)的天气;华北地区降水偏多(少)时,印度夏季风偏强(弱)的机率却低一些,这说明印度夏季风的异常变化对华北地区夏季降水有更大的影响.(2)印度夏季风强度主要受印度季风槽的影响,在印度季风槽加深的同时,中高纬的低压槽也加深发展,而这时西太平洋高压脊西伸,来自低纬的西南风水汽输送和源于西太平洋的副热带高压南侧的东南风水汽输送共同作用,有利于华北地区的降水偏多;反之则不利于华北地区的降水.(3)区域气候模式模拟结果也很好地模拟出印度夏季风和华北夏季降水的遥相关关系,其相应的环流异常系统与诊断分析结果非常一致,这从另一方面证实了这种遥相关关系的存在和可靠性.  相似文献   

张掖国家气候观象台常规气象资料检验分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张良  李耀辉  王胜  柳媛普  刘宏谊  赵建华  李刚 《干旱气象》2010,28(1):49-53

选取2007年建成的张掖国家气候观象台梯度塔2007年9月至2008年8月5层风速、温度、湿度和水汽压观测资料,统计了这段时期内资料的缺测率,分析了张掖地区不同季节的气候要素变化特征,通过与其他观测台站资料比较,验证了资料的可靠性。  相似文献   

空气滤膜采集大气浮尘样品中多元素的测定   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

陈波  冯永明  刘洪青 《岩矿测试》2009,28(5):435-438

用氢氟酸-盐酸-硝酸-高氯酸体系对空气滤膜上附着的浮尘样品进行分解,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定溶液中15个主量和微量元素铁、铜、锌、镍、镧、铈、锂、锰、铬、镉、钴、铅、钍、铊、铀。将国家一级标准物质模拟浮尘样品加入空白滤膜进行测定,结果与标准值相符。各元素4次测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%。  相似文献   

Geoheritage in New South Wales — a reassessment of sites from the register of the national estate     

T. A. Semeniuk 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2019,66(6):793-802

The geology of New South Wales is diverse, spanning Paleoproterozoic to modern materials and their various associated landforms and soils. In recognition of the intrinsic geological value of the State, around 150 geological sites were nominated to the now defunct Register of the National Estate, with the objective of geoconservation. However, these sites did not encompass the full range of geology of New South Wales; neither did they offer registered sites any protection. Analysis shows that the types of sites nominated were biased towards sedimentary and igneous rocks, and fossils, with under representation of metamorphic rocks, site-restricted soils, geomorphology and hydrogeology. To test the utility of the Brocx and Semeniuk ‘Geoheritage Toolkit’, a subset of the Register listings was re-examined, focusing on the Sydney Basin. Within the Sydney Basin, 59 nominated sites were reassessed using various geoheritage categories and the hierarchical framework of scale of the Toolkit. Four sites within the Sydney Basin were found to have features of international to national significance, and to have national historical value. These sites will need to be renominated for State and National listing. Clearly, to ensure that University teaching sites, as well as stratigraphic and lithologic type sections and reference sites, reflecting the geodiversity of New South Wales are conserved for future generations, a greater number of sites need to be put forward for heritage listing.  相似文献   

Wall-to-wall spatial prediction of growing stock volume based on Italian National Forest Inventory plots and remotely sensed data     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Spatial predictions of forest variables are required for supporting modern national and sub-national forest planning strategies, especially in the framework of a climate change scenario. Nowadays methods for constructing wall-to-wall maps and calculating small-area estimates of forest parameters are becoming essential components of most advanced National Forest Inventory (NFI) programs. Such methods are based on the assumption of a relationship between the forest variables and predictor variables that are available for the entire forest area. Many commonly used predictors are based on data obtained from active or passive remote sensing technologies. Italy has almost 40% of its land area covered by forests. Because of the great diversity of Italian forests with respect to composition, structure and management and underlying climatic, morphological and soil conditions, a relevant question is whether methods successfully used in less complex temperate and boreal forests may be applied successfully at country level in Italy.For a study area of more than 48,657 km² in central Italy of which 43% is covered by forest, the study presents the results of a test regarding wall-to-wall, spatially explicit estimation of forest growing stock volume (GSV) based on field measurement of 1350 plots during the last Italian NFI. For the same area, we used potential predictor variables that are available across the whole of Italy: cloud-free mosaics of multispectral optical satellite imagery (Landsat 5 TM), microwave sensor data (JAXA PALSAR), a canopy height model (CHM) from satellite LiDAR, and auxiliary variables from climate, temperature and precipitation maps, soil maps, and a digital terrain model.Two non-parametric (random forests and k-NN) and two parametric (multiple linear regression and geographically weighted regression) prediction methods were tested to produce wall-to-wall map of growing stock volume at 23-m resolution. Pixel level predictions were used to produce small-area, province-level model-assisted estimates. The performances of all the methods were compared in terms of percent root mean-square error using a leave-one-out procedure and an independent dataset was used for validation. Results were comparable to those available for other ecological regions using similar predictors, but random forests produced the most accurate results with a pixel level R² = 0.69 and RMSE_% = 37.2% against the independent validation dataset. Model-assisted estimates were more precise than the original design-based estimates provided by the NFI.  相似文献   

A review of the impacts of pumped hydro energy storage construction on subalpine and alpine biodiversity: lessons for the Snowy Mountains pumped hydro expansion project     

Anna Normyle  Jamie Pittock 《The Australian geographer》2020,51(1):53-68

ABSTRACT

The Australian government’s proposal to expand the Snowy Hydro Scheme to include a second pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) system, and support for feasibility studies for PHES in Tasmania, offer an opportunity to incorporate more intermittent renewable energy generation into the National Energy Market. However, the infrastructure construction required for PHES expansion may have negative effects for biodiversity in subalpine and alpine areas. To identify the potential effects of PHES on biodiversity in Kosciuszko National Park (KNP), this systematic literature review assesses: (i) the key environmental disturbances likely to arise from PHES construction; and (ii) the specific impacts of these construction processes on biodiversity in subalpine and alpine environments. We find that the effects of PHES construction-related disturbances are likely to be negative for subalpine and alpine biodiversity, with impacts including the proliferation of exotic flora, habitat loss resulting from vegetation clearing, altered landscape hydrology and reduced water quality. Management recommendations to limit these impacts are provided and further research is recommended to assess: (i) the effects of PHES on fish populations in alpine reservoirs; (ii) the utility of spoil as artificial habitat for endemic fauna; and (iii) the chemical and physical impacts of spoil dumping in alpine reservoirs.  相似文献   

三江源国家公园生态系统服务时空变化及权衡-协同关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

郑德凤  郝帅  吕乐婷  徐文瑾  王燕燕  王辉 《地理研究》2020,39(1):64-78

本文基于“当量因子法”、空间自相关及相关系数等方法,定量分析了1990—2015年三江源国家公园生态系统服务的时空变化及生态系统服务间的权衡与协同关系。结果表明：① 1990—2015年,三江源国家公园生态系统服务价值呈不断上升趋势,从研究初期的542.37亿元增加至研究末期的834.70亿元,增长292.33亿元,增幅53.90%,每一阶段平均增长率为9.01%;长江源园区与黄河源园区生态系统服务价值占比情况与三江源国家公园整体情况一致,水域的生态系统服务价值最高,其次为草地、湿地,其中草地与水域提供了各园区90%以上的生态服务;澜沧江源园区的生态系统服务占比则为草地（70.58%）、湿地（23.58%）、水域（3.38%）。② 空间上,长江源园区及澜沧江源园区的生态系统服务价值呈东南高西北低的特征;黄河源园区则呈现西高东低特征。③ 相关分析表明,协同关系是三江源国家公园生态系统服务之间的主导关系,但各生态系统服务之间的相关程度各异。④ 数量方面,4类典型生态服务之间的权衡与协同关系的Moran′s I指数与相关性系数表现一致;空间分析方面,生态系统服务之间权衡与协同关系的异质性显著。  相似文献   

The Public Is Intellectual     

Willie Jamaal Wright 《The Professional geographer》2019,71(1):172-178

This article is a discussion and critique of public intellectualism in the present. Rather than reify a self-aggrandized form of public intellectualism within academia that centers individualized intellectual development and that encourages a greater flow of findings outward to communities, I highlight black women public intellectuals who have used their skills, talents, and station within the university and society in novel ways. Moreover, I suggest that scholars take seriously the questions, research methods, and analyses emerging from the general public, particularly from within communal and political organizations. These encouragements are illustrated by highlighting three political education workshops that have been developed across the United States.  相似文献