青藏高原东缘新构造与活动构造研究新进展及展望   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘凤山  吴中海  张岳桥  杨振宇  王书兵  张虎  仝亚博  李海龙 《地质通报》2014,33(4):403-418

新构造运动与活动构造对人类的出现、演化、生存和发展都产生着深刻影响。近年来在青藏高原东缘部署开展的活动断裂调查与活动构造体系研究、川滇地块旋扭变形的古地磁学研究、西秦岭地区新构造与活动构造研究、滇西盆谷区的新构造幕划分、腾冲火山活动特征及其新构造背景调查等都取得了一系列重要进展与成果。这些成果对于深入认识和理解青藏高原东部地区现今地壳变形特征及其动力学机制和探索活动构造体系控震作用都具有重要意义,并可为该区的重大工程规划建设与国土规划利用的科学决策和城镇化发展等提供重要的地质依据。  相似文献   

Genesis of deformation structures affecting Plio-Pleistocene sediments in the western Portuguese mainland (West Iberia). Implication on the regional neotectonics     

《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(6):415-431

A careful analysis of the morphology, geologic setting, stratigraphic distribution and sedimentological context of deformation features in sediments can give valuable information for the interpretation of their genesis, namely if they are of sedimentary or tectonic origin. This approach was used for the study area, located in the western region of the Portuguese mainland (West Iberian margin), where significant neotectonic and seismic activities occur, contrasting with the stabler interior of Iberia. Notwithstanding the regional neotectonics (intended as upper Pliocene to Recent), part of the deformation features observed in the studied deposits (Pliocene to Pleistocene in age) may be attributed to other phenomena but seismic shaking and/or active faulting. Slump beds and flame structures in coarse sand deposits are probably related to sedimentary overloading in high supply delta plain setting. Part of the deformation observed in the sediments that overlie Jurassic marls and limestones was probably induced by karst sink. This process is plausible even in Plio-Pleistocene sediments that overlie low carbonate content basement rocks, such as marl dominated successions. Thus, the abundance of deformation features affecting the studied Plio-Pleistocene sedimentary cover may lead to an overestimation of the regional active tectonics. The neotectonic activity in this area is reconsidered from the interpretation of the triggering mechanisms responsible for the observed deformation.  相似文献   

三峡库区滑坡的时空分布特征与成因探讨   总被引：22，自引：7，他引：15  

陈剑  李晓  杨志法 《工程地质学报》2005,13(3):305-309

三峡库区地质灾害频繁发生,地质历史上大型滑坡广泛发育。近年库区滑坡灾害有逐年增加趋势。这些滑坡形成的堆积体成因复杂,不能单纯从传统的外动力或内动力作用来解释,给库区灾害的防治工程带来了很大困难。三峡库区大型古滑坡主要沿长江干流和支流的深切河谷两岸分布,与河流发育演化史密切相关。15万年以来,长江三峡地区经历了新构造期以来抬升速率最快的一次构造幕,山原期夷平面上升了100m,河流强烈下切,形成高陡岸坡,卸荷效应显著;同时,该时期三峡地区的气候受到青藏高原环境变化的影响,在间冰期可能存在相似的暖湿古气候环境,降水极为丰富。三峡库区的大型古滑坡在新构造快速抬升时期广泛发育,并且与暖湿多雨期相对应,表明库区滑坡的发育演化是新构造运动和气候变化内外动力耦合作用的结果。  相似文献   

Late Cenozoic faulting in SW Bulgaria: Fault geometry,kinematics and driving stress regimes. Implications for late orogenic processes in the Hellenic hinterland     

《Journal of Geodynamics》2014

We investigate the geometry and kinematics of the faults exposed in basement rocks along the Strouma River in SW Bulgaria as well as the sequence of faulting events in order to place constraints on the Cenozoic kinematic evolution of this structurally complex domain. In order to decipher the successive stress fields that prevailed during the tectonic history, we additionally carried out an analysis of mesoscale striated faults in terms of paleostress with a novel approach. This approach is based on the P–T axes distribution of the fault-slip data, and separates the fault-slip data into different groups which are characterized by kinematic compatibility, i.e., their P and T axes have similar orientations. From these fault groups, stress tensors are resolved and in case these stress tensors define similar stress regimes (i.e., the orientations of the stress axes and the stress shape ratios are similar) then the fault groups are further unified. The merged fault groups after being filled out with those fault-slip data that have not been incorporated into the above described grouping, but which present similar geometric and kinematic features are used for defining the final stress regimes. In addition, the sequence of faulting events was constrained by available tectonostratigraphic data.Five faulting events named D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5 are distinguished since the Late Oligocene. D1 is a pure compression stress regime with σ₁ stress axis trending NNE-SSW that mainly activated the WNW-ESE to ENE-WSW faults as reverse to oblique reverse and the NNW-SSE striking as right-lateral oblique contractional faults during the Latest Oligocene-Earliest Miocene. D2 is a strike-slip − transpression stress regime with σ₁ stress axis trending NNE-SSW that mainly activated the NNW-SSE to N-S striking as right-lateral strike-slip faults and the ENE-WSW striking faults as left-lateral strike-slip ones during the Early-Middle Miocene. D3 extensional event is associated with a NW-SE to WNW-ESE extension causing the activation of mainly low-angle normal faults of NE-SW strike and NNE-SSW to NNW-SSE striking high-angle normal faults. D4 is an extensional event dated from Late Miocene to Late Pliocene. It activated NNW-SSE to NW-SE faults as normal faults and E-W to WNW-ESE faults as right-lateral oblique extensional faults. The latest D5 event is an N-S extensional stress regime that dominates the wider area of SW Bulgaria in Quaternary times. It mainly activated faults that generally strike E-W (ENE-WSW and WNW-ESE) normal faults, along which fault-bounded basins developed. The D1 and D2 events are interpreted as two progressive stages of transpressional tectonics related to the late stages of collision between Apulia and Eurasia plates. These processes gave rise to the lateral extrusion of the Rhodope and Balkan regions toward the SE along the Strouma Lineament. The D3 event is attributed to the latest stage of this collision, and represents the relaxation of the overthickened crust along the direction of the lateral extrusion. The D4 and D5 events are interpreted as post-orogenic extensional events related to the retreat of the Hellenic subduction zone since the Late Miocene and to the widespread back-arc Aegean extension still prevailing today.  相似文献   

Insights into Wasatch fault vertical slip rates using the age of sediments in Timpanogos Cave, Utah     

Alan L. Mayo  Jiri Bruthans  David Tingey  Jaroslav Kadlec  Steve Nelson 《Quaternary Research》2009,72(2):275-283

Timpanogos Cave, located near the Wasatch fault, is about 357 m above the American Fork River. Fluvial cave sediments and an interbedded carbonate flowstone yield a paleomagnetic and U–Th depositional age of 350 to 780 ka. Fault vertical slip rates, inferred from calculated river downcutting rates, range between 1.02 and 0.46 mm yr^− 1. These slip rates are in the range of the 0–12 Ma Wasatch Range exhumation rate ( 0.5–0.7 mm yr^− 1), suggesting that the long-term vertical slip rate remained stable through mid-Pleistocene time. However, the late Pleistocene (0–250 ka) decelerated slip rate ( 0.2–0.3 mm yr^− 1) and the accelerated Holocene slip rate ( 1.2 mm yr^− 1) are consistent with episodic fault activity. Assuming that the late Pleistocene vertical slip rate represents an episodic slowing of fault movement and the long-term (0–12 Ma) average vertical slip rate, including the late Pleistocene and Holocene, should be  0.6 mm yr^− 1, there is a net late Pleistocene vertical slip deficit of  50–75 m. The Holocene and late Pleistocene slip rates may be typical for episodes of accelerated and slowed fault movement, respectively. The calculated late Pleistocene slip deficit may mean that the current accelerated Wasatch fault slip rate will extend well into the future.  相似文献   

麻坑、泥火山在南海北部与西部陆缘的分布特征和地质意义   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

陈江欣  关永贤  宋海斌  杨胜雄  耿明会  拜阳  刘伯然 《地球物理学报》2015,58(3):919-938

本文利用新的高分辨率海底多波束地形数据与以往研究资料对南海台西南盆地及以西和中建南盆地北部及以北陆缘区域内的麻坑与泥火山分布区进行了统计、分析与总结.本文提出根据麻坑的个体平面形态、规模量级和组合形式建立麻坑的三类分类体系并进行总结阐述.麻坑的直径与坑深总体具有线性变化关系但又有区域性分布特征,可能反映了不同海区底质性质、浅地层构造活动、海底倾斜程度和海底底流等因素的不同影响;同一区域泥火山的直径与高度具有线性关系而不同区域拟合斜率差异较大,可能说明同区域泥火山形态、流体成分和来源具有高度一致性,但其分布具有区域差异性特征.研究表明,麻坑、泥火山的产生与近5Ma新构造运动期内台湾南部和南海西缘区域性走滑断裂活动相一致,主要分布在构造活动较为活跃,沉积较为薄弱的近坡折带和大陆坡区域,在具有走滑性质的台西南、莺歌海和中建南盆地分布较广、规模较大,而在其他主要张裂性质盆地中分布较少,规模较小.其分布特征一方面能够说明某些区域流体的大量渗漏与逸散,另一方面也能够说明某些区域持续的构造活动有利于该区域深部流体的重新聚集与成藏,从而成为指导油气资源勘探的重要参考指标.  相似文献   

新构造运动背景下福建省主要旅游资源空间契合及特征分析     

林明水  谢红彬 《云南地理环境研究》2010,22(5):6-11

晚第三纪到第四纪的新构造运动,对福建省主要旅游资源自然基底的内部构造和外部形态都有深远影响。新构造运动背景下,福建省内国家AAAA级及以上等级旅游景区分布极不均匀,主要旅游资源集中在闽东沿海断块差异活动区和闽西断陷上升区,且有4个主要特征,即主要旅游资源多集中在断陷区,旅游景区可进入性较好、地文景观类旅游资源丰富,以中、低山为主、以政和-大埔断裂为界,东西两侧旅游资源各具特色、温泉旅游资源主要分布在闽江以南,温泉出露点海拔高度较低,以淡水、中高温泉为主。  相似文献   

Modern structural pattern of the Scythian Plate     

L. V. Panina 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2009,64(1):21-28

This paper discusses issues related to the neotectonic structure and evolution of the Scythian Plate, beginning from the Late Miocene. The undertaken structural and geomorphologic analysis of topographic maps and space images supplemented with geologic-geophysical data, including back-stripping curves, allowed us to reveal an association of growing recent uplifts of different ranks and decreasing depressions of a roughly Caucasian trend. Both are cut by weak zones (faults and fracture zones) oriented roughly E-W and N-S. All these deformations evolved under impact from collision processes within the Greater Caucasus Orogenic Belt.  相似文献   

珠江三角洲的新构造运动及其与三角洲演化的关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

姚衍桃  詹文欢  刘再峰  张志强  詹美珍 《华南地震》2008,28(1):29-40

综合已有资料。重新对珠江三角洲的新构造运动进行了系统的分析．分析结果表明该地区的新构造运动以断裂活动和断块差异升降运动为主要特征．这些特征在珠江三角洲的演化过程中起着非常重要的作用。大多数在第四纪形成或重新活化的基底断裂把三角洲切割成一系列的断块,并且在垂直运动上以沉降为主导,为珠江三角洲的第四系沉积创造了空间。另外,第四系两期河流相砂砾层分布的差异反映了古河道在晚更新世海侵后、全新世海侵前所发生的变迁。这主要是断裂活动的结果。因此,在珠江三角洲的形成和演化过程中。新构造运动既影响着三角洲的沉积又控制着河道的变迁．  相似文献   

遥感与地震技术探测两淮地区新构造——兼析其与天然地震的关系          下载免费PDF全文

吕进英  高远 《地质科学》2014,(2):576-587

新构造的发育情况对于人类生产生活具有重要意义。本文利用遥感及物探（地震勘探）资料对两淮地区的新构造断层进行了解译。对比分析了两者的特点,初步总结了两淮新构造发育的特征,搜集了两淮地区历史上的地震记录,通过对新构造断层与地震记录的空间位置对比,初步分析了新构造活动易致地震的地段及地质原因。本文对于综合采用遥感及地震技术探测新构造具有参考价值,细化后可以为矿山地质灾害防治、巷道布置、城乡规划、地震灾害防治等提供直接的、详实可靠的有关新构造断层的地质资料。  相似文献