New apatite fission track evidence from the northern Qiangtang terrane reveal two‐phase evolution of central Tibet     

Jiawei Zhang  Yalin Li  Ming Xu  Jingen Dai  Xinyu Qian  Zhongpeng Han  Huiping Zhang  Jianzhang Pang 《地学学报》2021,33(1):95-108

The growth of central Tibet remains elusory, albeit important in evaluating different topographic growth models accounting for the Tibetan Plateau development. Thermochronological records in the northern Qiangtang terrane (QT) provide valuable information for investigating the cooling and exhumation history in central Tibet. New apatite fission track data, assisted by inverse thermal modelling, reveal two stages of accelerated cooling. The Early Cretaceous cooling is related with refrigeration of the QT and exhumation probably induced by crustal shortening. The Eocene‐Oligocene renewed cooling reflects the far‐field contraction after the onset of the India‐Asia collision and Cenozoic crustal shortening deformation in the QT, coupled with thermal relaxation and transient lithospheric removal. Our data support models indicating that Cretaceous crustal shortening produced a thickened crust in the QT, whereas the present‐day elevation was established during Eocene‐Oligocene due to crustal shortening, continental subduction and lithospheric delamination.  相似文献   

Fission Track Geochronology of Xiaonanchuan Pluton and the Morphotectonic Evolution of Eastern Kunlun since Late Miocene   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王岸王国灿  谢德凡刘德民 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2006,17(4):302-309

Apatite fission track （AFT） thermochronology of seven samples from the Xiaonanchuan （小南川） pluton in the Kunlun （昆仑） pass area was carried out, for the purpose of determining the timing of cooling and the relation between the exhumation and the morphotectonic processes. The AFT ages yield low denudation rates of 0. 020--0. 035 mm/a during the late Miocene, which correspond to a stable geomorphic and weak tectonic uplifting environment. The low denudation rates can be considered as the approximate tectonic uplifting rates. The AFT geochronology shows puroxysmully rapid cooling since the Pliocene and an apparent material unroofing of more than 3 km in the Xiaonanchuan area. This was not the result of simple denudation. The rapid cooling was coupled with the intensive orogeny since the Pliocene, which was driven by tectonic uplifting. The accelerated relief building was accompanied by a series of faulting, which caused the basin and the valley formation and sinking. The space pattern of the AFT ages also shows differential uplifting, which decreases northwardly. This trend is supported by the regional AFT data, which indicate that the exhumation decreases northwardly in eastern Kunlun. This trend also exists in cast-west orientation from the western Kunlun range to the eastern. The uplif- ting trend is also supported by gcomorphic characteristics including the elevation and the relief differences well as the distribution of the Late Cenozoic volcanism.  相似文献   

副矿物微量元素地球化学特征在成岩成矿作用研究中的应用   总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24       下载免费PDF全文

赵振华 《地学前缘》2010,17(1):267

文中较系统地介绍了国外近年来基于矿物合成和激光原位定量分析测试技术发展的副矿物,重点是锆石,其次是金红石、石榴石、榍石及磷灰石等微量元素地球化学特征在成岩成矿温度、氧逸度、源区物质等方面的研究成果。这些成果是在不同温度、压力及体系成分条件下合成的矿物,结合自然界岩石相关副矿物成分分析,获得了副矿物中微量元素含量与形成温度、压力、氧逸度等之间存在严格线性关系,建立了定量计算公式,并给出了这些温度计、氧逸度等计算公式的适用范围。根据广泛用于同位素定年的锆石受变质和热液蚀变而出现复杂年龄譜,文中还介绍了用锆石微量和稀土元素地球化学特点,结合近年来在这方面的研究成果,探讨了Th/U比值识别锆石成因存在的问题,介绍了稀土元素组成识别锆石成因的原理和应用。  相似文献   

Tectonic uplift history of the Yitong Basin since the Oligocene,Northeast China：Evidence from apatite fission track ages and geological relationship     

Qiang Cao  Jiaren Ye  Chuanbo Shen  Daqing Tang 《中国地球化学学报》2010,29(3):293-300

The Yitong Basin is an oil-bearing basin with unique characteristics in Northeast China. On the basis of apatite fission track ages and geological relationship, the tectonic uplift history of the Yitong Basin since the Oligo-cene was discussed. Based on apatite fission track analysis of five samples from the Luxiang and Chaluhe fault de-pressions and basin modeling study, it can be concluded that since the Oligocene (36.6 Ma) in the Yitong Basin, the Chaluhe fault depression has undergone two episodes of uplift during 24.9–19.1 Ma and 6.9–4.9 Ma. And the Luxi-ang fault depression also had undergone two episodes of uplift during 30–27.8 Ma and 22.6–11.1 Ma. Moreover, the average apparent exhumation rates for the Chaluhe fault depression and Luxiang fault depression, could be calcu-lated to be 70.34 and 60.33 m/Ma since 21.8 Ma and 18.9 Ma, respectively. The results of thermochronological analysis can also be supported by the evidence from geological relationships such as geodynamics, volcanic activity, and stratigraphic division and correlation.  相似文献   

磷灰石结构通道离子对晶胞参数的影响   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

刘羽  胥焕岩 《矿物岩石》2001,21(1):1-4

磷灰石晶胞参数受其结构中Ca多面体，磷氧四面体及结构通道位置上的类质同角替换的影响，本文探讨了54个磷灰石样吕的晶胞参数与结构通道离子F，OH，Cl相同象替换的影响，本文讨论了54个磷灰石样品的晶胞参数与结构通道离子F，OH，Cl相对含量的关系，发现Cl和取代是影响岩浆型磷灰石晶胞参数的主要因素，每原子／晶胞的Cl使a增大0．121 1（6）nm，c减少0．0633 （3）nm，根据成分与结构的经验关系式，可以验证电子探针对F的分析结果。  相似文献   

Apatite compositions from oceanic cumulates with implications for the evolution of mid-ocean ridge magmatic systems     

W. P. Meurer  J. H. Natland 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2001,110(3-4)

Apatite distributions and compositions from cumulates from the EPR at Hess Deep, the MAR at the Kane Transform, and the SWIR at ODP Hole 735B were determined to assess the variability at each setting and to evaluate the potential utility of apatite in understanding the evolution of the lower ocean crust. Apatite in cumulates with low P₂O₅ contents are heterogeneously distributed along linear arrays or in tight clusters suggesting they crystallized from planar or pipe-like channels of evolved liquid. Most of the variation in the apatite composition is in the halogen site. The X_Ap^F and X_Ap^Cl are inversely correlated defining trends at near constant X_Ap^OH with EPR X_Ap^OH=0.25, MAR X_Ap^OH=0.45, and SWIR X_Ap^OH=0.65. These trends are defined both by sample averages and by the range of individual analyses in samples with large ranges in their F/Cl ratio. These trends are interpreted to reflect the reequilibration of apatite from variably evolved liquids/fluids that moved through the crystal mush. Comparison of the F–Cl–OH contents of apatite with the F–Cl–OH contents of glasses recovered from the same ridges show approximate correspondence: apatite and glasses from the EPR have the highest halogen contents while apatite and glasses from the MAR and SWIR have more OH. Some of the higher Cl contents in the apatite are interpreted to be produced by degassing of the cumulus pile while others reflect the assimilation of a seawater component. We suggest that systematic analysis of apatite from oceanic cumulates might allow cumulates that crystallized at shallow depths and assimilated seawater-derived components to be distinguished from those that crystallized below the level of seawater interaction.  相似文献   

Variation of Cl and SO₃ Contents of Microphenocrystic Apatite in Intermediate to Silicic Igneous Rocks of Cenozoic Japanese Island Arcs: Implications for Porphyry Cu Metallogenesis in the Western Pacific Island Arcs     

Akira Imai 《Resource Geology》2004,54(3):357-372

Abstract. Determinations of SO₃ and Cl contents of igneous accessory apatite were carried out on Late Cenozoic intermediate to silicic intrusive and volcanic rocks in the Japanese island arcs of the western Pacific rim including the southwestern Kuril arc (eastern Hokkaido), Northeast Japan arc (southwestern Hokkaido through northeastern Honshu to central Honshu), Izu‐Bonin arc, Kyushu‐Palau ridge, Southwest Japan arc (northern Kyushu) and northern Ryukyu arc (southern Kyushu). These were compared to those from the Western Luzon arc, Philippines, to better understand the metallogenesis of porphyry Cu deposits in the western Pacific island arcs. In addition, SO₃ and Cl contents of accessory apatite in the Cretaceous magnetite‐series granitic rocks in the Kitakami belt (northeastern Honshu) and the Miocene ilmenite‐series granitic rocks in the Outer Zone of Southwest Japan (southern Kyushu) were also examined. Microphenocrystic apatites in shallow intrusions associated with porphyry Cu deposits in the Western Luzon arc contain >0.1 wt% S as SO₃. Such high SO₃ contents of microphenocrystic apatite are a common characteristic of hydrous mag‐matism in the Western Luzon arc, from 15 Ma old tonalitic plutonic rocks of the Luzon Central Cordillera to present‐day volcanism at Mount Pinatubo. The accessory apatite in intrusive rocks associated with porphyry Cu deposits, especially those at the Santo Tomas II deposit, show significantly high Cl contents (>2 wt%). The SO₃ contents of microphenocrystic apatite in most of the hydrous silicic rocks along the volcanic front, in andesites related to native sulfur deposits, and in Miocene and younger shallow granitic intrusions in northeastern Honshu, are generally <0.1 wt%. On the other hand, the SO₃ contents of apatite in such rocks from eastern Hokkaido, southwestern Hokkaido, Izu, northern Kyushu and southern Kyushu are similar to those from the Western Luzon arc. The SO₃ contents of accessory apatite in the Cretaceous magnetite‐series granitic rocks in the Kitakami belt are variable, whereas those of the Miocene ilmenite‐series granitic rocks in southern Kyushu are extremely low. The Cl contents of accessory apatite in some rocks of the Northeast Japan arc, Izu‐Bonin arc and Southwest Japan arc are significantly high. In terms of the Cl and SO₃ contents of microphenocrystic apatite, Cenozoic Japanese arc magmatism show similarities with arc magmatism associated elsewhere with porphyry Cu mineralization, except for the most of northeastern Honshu of the Northeast Japan arc. Apatite commonly occurs as inclusions in other phenocrystic phases. Thus the variation in SO₃ contents of apatite is a feature of early stage magmatic differentiation. The SO₃ contents of microphenocrystic apatite are considered to reflect the redox state of the magma source region or fluids encountered during magma generation.  相似文献   

Rhythmic Layering in the Apatite (-Magnetite) Deposit in the Fanshan Complex, North China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chun Cheng    Shihua Sun  Qian Mao 《Resource Geology》2004,54(2):167-175

Abstract. The Fanshan complex consists of three (First- to Third-) Phases of intrusion. The First-Phase Intrusive is composed of rhythmic layers. The Fanshan apatite (-magnetite) deposit is situated near the top of no. 6 rhythmic Unit of the First-Phase Intrusive. Two sketch maps were drawn through the deposit along no. 25 cross-cut on 425 mL and no. 1 crosscut on 491 mL in the Fanshan mine. Through this mapping, a small-scaled rhythmic layering (called sub-rhythmic layering) was newly found. The sub-rhythmic layering consists of five typical rocks: biotite clinopyroxenite, biotite rock, biotite-apatite rock, alternation biotite-apatite rock and apatite rock. The thickness of layers varies from four millimeters to several meters. Six units of sub-rhythmic layering were distinguished. Each unit consists of biotite clinopyroxenite (or biotite rock and biotite-apatite rock) layer at the bottom and apatite rock layer at the top.
Major element compositions of biotite and clinopyroxene were analyzed. The trends of Mg/(Mg+Fe*+Mn) atomic ratio (Fe*: total iron) of biotite and clinopyroxene indicate that the magma evolved markedly from relatively magnesian bottom layer to less magnesian top layer in each sub-rhythmic unit. A general trend, however, through the whole sub-rhythmic layering sequence shows that the both minerals become relatively magnesian upwards. The hypotheses of liquid immiscibili-ty, gravitational settling and magma mixing are against with the results obtained in the present study. This study suggests that the apatite (-magnetite) deposit is formed through fractional crystallization process.  相似文献   

内蒙古黑鹰山富铁矿床磷灰石稀土元素地球化学特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

聂凤军  江思宏  刘妍 《地球学报》2005,26(5):435-442

笔者首次对内蒙古西部黑鹰山富铁矿床两类铁矿石磷灰石进行了稀土元素含量分析,致密块状铁矿石6件磷灰石样品ΣREE含量变化范围为(14776.86~21313.18)×10-6,LREE/HREE比值为8.31~9.18,δEu为0.37~0.40。相比之下,脉状铁矿石2件磷灰石样品ΣREE含量变化范围为(18143.05~20665.82)×10-6,LREE/HREE比值为9.03~9.18,δEu为0.39。所有8件磷灰石稀土元素分配型式均为一组向右倾斜,并且具有明显铕负异常的曲线。黑鹰山铁矿床中磷灰石的最显著特点是稀土元素含量明显高于国内外同类铁矿床磷灰石,为我国宁芜铁矿床和瑞典基鲁纳铁矿床磷灰石的4~10倍。根据磷灰石样品的地球化学特征,并且结合其他岩(矿)相学特征和钐-钕同位素数据,可以推测,磷灰石的形成作用与海西早期构造-岩浆活动有关,富铁矿床很可能是富碱岩浆热液流体喷溢或上侵定位的产物,成矿(岩)物质主要来自以幔源物质为主的壳-幔混源岩浆房。  相似文献   

淮南煤田的构造热演化特征与煤层气资源的初步研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

李小明  彭格林  席先武 《矿物学报》2002,22(1):85-91

本文应用磷灰石裂变迹法研究淮南煤田的构造热演化特征,探讨其煤层气资源潜力。结果表明：研究区自晚古生代以来,至少发生过三次明显的构造热事件,分别在240,140和80Ma左右;古地温梯度比现地温梯度低,估计本区整个剥蚀厚度大于2000m。从该区的构造热演化特征可以得出以下初步结论: 该区煤化作用主要发生在240－140Ma之间,即中生代以来的第一、二次构造事件使晚古生代煤逐渐变质为气煤级,少部分达肥煤级。煤层主要气量不是太高,白垩纪晚期的构造热运动导致热成因煤层气逸失,构造发育的地区逸失较多,煤层气资源潜力可能不大;构造发育的地区逸夫较少,可能是煤层气开发较为有利的地区。  相似文献