The biogenic origin of needle fibre calcite     

GUILLAUME CAILLEAU  ERIC P. VERRECCHIA  OLIVIER BRAISSANT†  LAURENT EMMANUEL‡ 《Sedimentology》2009,56(6):1858-1875

Needle fibre calcite is one of the most ubiquitous habits of calcite in vadose environments (caves deposits, soil pores, etc.). Its origin, either through inorganic, indirect or direct biological processes, has long been debated. In this study, investigations at 11 sites in Europe, Africa and Central America support arguments for its biogenic origin. The wide range of needle morphologies is the result of a gradual evolution of the simplest type, a rod. This rod is the elementary brick which, by aggregation and welding, builds more complex needles. The absence of cross‐welded needles implies that they are welded in a mould, or under a longitudinal and unidirectional constraint, before being released inside the soil pores. The difference between the lengthening of the needles and the c axis can be explained by the existence of needles observed under a scanning electron microscope in organic sleeves, which can act as a mould during rod growth. Complex morphologies with epitaxial outgrowths on straight rods cannot have grown entirely inside organic microtubes; they must result from soil diagenesis after the release of straight rods in a soil‐free medium. Whisker crystals are interpreted as the result of growth and coalescence of euhedral crystals on a rod. Rhomb chains are considered to be the consequence of successive epitaxial growth steps on a needle during variations in growth conditions. Isotopic signatures for needle fibre calcite vary from ?16·63‰ to +1·10‰ and from ?8·63‰ to ?2·25‰ for δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O, respectively. The absence of high δ¹⁸O values for needle fibre calcite precludes a purely physicochemical origin (evaporative) for this particular habit of calcite. As epitaxial growth cannot precipitate in the same conditions as initial needles, needle fibre calcite stable isotopic signatures should be used with caution as a proxy for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. In addition, it is suggested that the term needle fibre calcite should be kept for the original biogenic form. The other habit should be referred to as epitaxial forms of needle fibre calcite.  相似文献   

黄铁矿晶体形态标型在金矿评价中的意义   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

初凤友  胡大千  于洪林  姚杰 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2004,34(4):531-535

黄铁矿晶体形态是金矿床矿物学填图的良好指示参数之一.黄铁矿的微形貌特征具有指示其形成环境的意义.在金矿床中,早期成矿阶段结晶的a{100}或e{hk0}形态黄铁矿含金性较差;主成矿阶段形成的ae、aeo、ao、oa、oe等聚形晶,以及{310}、{320}等e黄铁矿含金性较好.黄铁矿形态沿矿体空间可以表现出分带性.其垂向分带趋势为:矿体上部以o{111}晶形为主,矿体中部以e{hk0}形为主,矿体下部主要以a{100}形占主导,或分别以其晶面发育的聚形为主.但不同矿床,甚至同一矿床的不同矿脉,这种分带的表现也不完全一致.因此,应用此分带模式进行深部矿体预测时,应具体情况具体分析.  相似文献   

钠基蒙脱土水合演化机制     

张云龙  项伟  黄伟  刘清秉  DAO Minh huan 《岩土力学》2019,40(11):4391-4400

为了查明钠基蒙脱土的水合演化过程,以天然钠基蒙脱土为研究对象,开展在相对湿度（ ）为0～0.98区间的水汽等温吸-脱附试验,通过吸附速率曲线、BET曲线界定钠基蒙脱土各水合阶段及相应的水合主控因素;通过测定晶层 值变化规律,从吸附水影响黏土矿物晶层厚度的角度探讨钠基蒙脱土的水合演化特征;基于傅里叶红外光谱,从水分子结构伸缩振动信息角度对钠基蒙脱土水合演化过程进行定性定量验证;通过热重/差热分析,以吸附水相变所需能量与吸附水重量变化的角度解释钠基蒙脱土的吸附水特征与其水合机制的关系。试验结果表明：在较低相对湿度下（0 0.15）,以钠基蒙脱土矿物外表面吸附为主,形成表面吸附水;0.15 0.40为钠基蒙脱土层间阳离子水合阶段;0.40 0.98,为晶层内外表面水合阶段,水分子逐步完整的包裹蒙脱土,形成多层吸附层。钠基蒙脱土的水合演化过程受控于层间钠离子与晶层基面,层间钠离子的水合能影响了钠基蒙脱土水合演化的起始顺序。  相似文献   

Crystallization Conditions and Mineral Chemistry in the East of Tafresh,Central Iran,with Insights into Magmatic Processes     

Davood RAEISI  Hassan MRNEJAD 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(6):1755-1772

The Tafresh granitoids are located at the central part of the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc(UDMA) in Iran. These rocks, mainly consisting of diorite and granodiorite, were emplaced during the Early Miocene. They are composed of varying proportions of plagioclase + K-feldspar + hornblende ± quartz ± biotite. Discrimination diagrams and chemical indices of amphibole phases reveal a calc-alkaline affinity and fall clearly in the crust-mantle mixed source field. The estimated pressure, derived from Al in amphibole barometry, is approximately 3 Kb. The granitoids are I-type, metaluminous and belong to the calc-alkaline series. They are all enriched in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements, depleted in high field strength elements and display geochemical features typical of subduction-related calc-alkaline arc magmas. Most crystal size distribution(CSD) line patterns from the granitoids show a non-straight trend which points to the effect of physical processes during petrogenesis.The presence of numerous mafic enclaves, sieve texture and oscillatory zoning along with the CSD results show that magma mixing in the magma chamber had an important role in the petrogenesis of Tafresh granitoids. Moreover, the CSD analysis suggests that the plagioclase crystals were crystallized in a time span of less than 1000 years, which is indicative of shallow depth magma crystallization.  相似文献   

A MODELING STUDY OF PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES FOR DEPOSITIONAL GROWTH OF ICE CRYSTAL: FOUR RAINFALL CASES OVER TROPICS AND MIDLATITUDES     

辛进  李小凡 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2017,23(3):259-268

Depositional growth of ice crystal is one of the major processes for development of precipitation systems and can be represented by depositional growth of cloud ice from cloud water (PIDW) and depositional growth of snow from cloud ice (PSFI) in cloud-resolving model. Four parameterization schemes are analyzed in the cloud-resolving model simulations of four rainfall cases over the tropics and midlatitudes. The comparison of time and model domain mean data shows that Shen’s scheme produces the closest rainfall simulation to the observation. Compared to Zeng’s scheme, Shen’s scheme improves the mean rain-rate simulation significantly through the dramatic decrease in depositional growth of cloud ice from cloud water. Compared to other schemes, Shen’s scheme produces the better rainfall simulation via the reduction in the mean rain rate associated with the enhanced gain of cloud water and ice.  相似文献   

辽宁海城大房身稀有金属伟晶岩包裹体研究及找矿意义     

吕瑞英 《现代地质》1991,5(2):174-183

大房身3号伟晶岩脉是含铀、铌、钽等稀有金属伟晶岩矿床,分异较好,可分为4个岩相带。经对各带石英中包裹体的研究,表明含矿带含挥发份H₂O和CO₂较高,流体包裹体丰度较大,富含纯CO₂包裹体及含液相CO₂包裹体。该伟晶岩与围岩接触界线清楚,其边缘相含有围岩的捕掳体。伟晶岩结晶分异好,矿物成分简单,以长石、石英为主,其核心带产有巨晶状黑云母和微斜长石。包裹体气相成分中不含游离氧（O₂）。这些特点说明该伟晶岩是由硅酸盐熔浆在埋深大、较封闭的环境下,缓慢结晶分异而成。  相似文献   

宁芜云台山黄铁矿矿床中黄铁矿矿物的初步研究     

熊先孝  姚超美 《化工矿产地质》1999,21(4):215-219

宁芜云台山黄铁矿矿床中黄铁矿矿物以自形晶为主 ,次为他形粒状 ;黄铁矿晶胞参数为 5 .415 2 3～ 5 .41843× 10 -10 m ,晶体化学式为 (Fe0 .9968Co0 .0 0 0 6Ni0 .0 0 2 6) 1.0 0 0 0 S2 .0 597;黄铁矿红外吸收光谱主吸收峰值为 34 8cm-1,最小透过率为 30 .0 0 %～ 48.80 % ,透过率极差为 31.13～ 47.5 1;黄铁矿中Fe平均含量为 45 .44 % ,S平均含量 5 3.91% ,具有富S特征 ;Co/Ni平均值为 0 .2 1;稀土元素总量平均为2 1.84× 10 -6,具有明显负铈异常 (δCe :0 .76～ 0 .93)和负铕异常 (δEu :0 .72～ 0 .90 ) ;硫同位素组成δ3 4S为 7.0 0‰～ 2 3.0 0‰ ,黄铁矿是含矿热液以堆积、充填和交代方式形成 ,黄铁矿床为火山热水沉积矿床。  相似文献   

高温高压条件下铁岭灰岩晶包有机质的饱和烃演化特征   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

解启来  周中毅 《地球化学》1999,28(5):487-495

对铁岭灰岩抽提除去沥青“Ａ”后的残渣进行高温高压模拟实验,模拟实验研究表明,晶包有机质的释放与温度与温度和压力有关,高压有利于晶包有机质释放。晶包有机质和干酪根主要释放出低碳数烷烃,Ｐｒ／ｎＣ１７、Ｐｈ－ｎＣ１８在热演化过程中变化不大,Ｐｒ／Ｐｈ则波动较大。  相似文献   

单晶高温合金X射线衍射斑点自动识别算法研究     

张哲  朱锦霞  庄凯  谢光  秦秀波  魏存峰 《CT理论与应用研究》2017,26(4):447-455

单晶高温合金展现出优越的抗疲劳性能和高温蠕变性能,广泛应用于航空发动机和燃气轮机的热端部件。但是,其制备过程中会产生晶体取向偏离、杂晶等缺陷。目前国际上已经普遍使用X射线劳埃衍射技术对单晶叶片的晶体缺陷进行无损检测,但是这种检测方法主要依赖人工识别,效率低,结果可重复性差,不适合批量化检测。本文结合工程需要,提出对劳埃衍射斑点进行自动识别的算法,主要包括衍射图样的预处理、轮廓检测、轮廓形态筛选及轮廓符合检测等。该算法能够自动检测出衍射图样上的衍射斑点,并最终给出斑点的位置坐标数据及其误差。根据衍射斑点的位置,通过衍射分析算法,计算出单晶叶片上的晶体取向,并最终对叶片的晶体缺陷给出综合评价。   相似文献   

稀土钙钛矿型LaMnO3+λ系列化合物的结构计算与分析     

孙永安  孙立波  王显胜 《世界地质》2005,24(1):102-104

在不同氧分压下合成了LaMnO3 λ、系列化合物,用XRD法进行了结构测定与分析,用化学滴定法测定了Mn^4 含量,由测定结果计算晶胞参数,LaMnO3 λ中系数λ值和La^3 空位率。  相似文献