基于GIS和AHP的灰色评估法在工程建设适宜性评价中的应用 ——以黄山市中心城区为例     

彭苗枝  秦先燕  何苗 《地质与资源》2019,28(1):85-89

随着城市现代化进程的加快,工程建设活动日趋频繁.在城市规划、工程建设前进行地质条件分析、适宜性评价是十分必要的.工程建设适宜性受多种因素影响,各因素间相互关联但影响程度不同.文章以黄山市中心城区为实例,从地质环境条件角度出发,介绍基于地理信息系统（GIS）和层次分析法（AHP）的灰色评估法在实际评价工作中的具体应用.该方法首先选取与工程建设适宜性密切相关的影响因素作为评价因子,在对评价单因子定性评价的基础上,用AHP确定各评价单因子的权重,最后用灰色评估法对工程建设适宜性进行综合评估.该应用效果较好,可在同类评价中推广.  相似文献   

松动岩体工程特性研究——以雅砻江楞古水电站松动岩体为例     

王梓龙  裴向军  张御阳  张硕  魏小佳  王双 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(5):1376-1388

为了对松动岩体的工程特性进行系统研究,以楞古水电站厂址区边坡为例,对该边坡岩体进行了详细的地质编录和物理勘探试验,重点对节理裂隙的空间发育规律、镶嵌结构和碎裂结构岩体的发育深度及空间分布、软弱结构面发育分布规律以及边坡已有变形破坏特征这四个方面进行了系统的统计和分析,认为松动岩体是区域断裂活动和浅表生改造的结果,岩体工程效应差、变形模量低;同时结合应力测试、声波测速、高密度电磁勘探等试验成果进行分析,结果显示松动岩体具低波速（波速大部分小于3 000 m/s）、低应力（最大主应力不超过20 MPa）、强透水性（透水性系数大于10 L/（min·m·m））。认为岩体破碎主要受断层及节理裂隙影响,分析了岩体破裂松动的演化过程及特征。  相似文献   

新疆和田普阳煤矿开采技术条件分析     

鲁艳平  祁斌 《中国煤炭地质》2019,(2):56-59

和田属南疆严重缺煤地区,布雅煤矿区是和田地区的主要煤产地。普阳煤矿含煤地层为侏罗系下统康苏组和侏罗系中统杨叶组。井田水文地质类型属孔隙、裂隙类简单型;工程地质类型属层状岩类复杂型;环境地质质量中等。  相似文献   

Characterisation of geotechnical model uncertainty     

Kok-Kwang Phoon 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2019,13(2):101-130

The calculated response from a numerical model will deviate from the measured one given the presence of modelling idealizations and real world construction effects. This deviation can be directly captured by a ratio between the measured and the calculated quantity. The ratio is also called a model factor in many design guides. The probabilistic distribution of the model factor is arguably the most common and simplest complete representation of model uncertainty. The characterisation of model uncertainty is identified as one of the critical elements in a geotechnical reliability-based design process in Annex D of ISO 2394:2015 “General Principles on Reliability of Structures”. This Spotlight paper reviews the databases for various geo-structures and determines their associated model statistics. Foundation load test databases are the most prevalent. A recent effort to compile a large generic database (PILE/2739) that contains 2739 field load tests conducted on various piles and installed in different soils and countries, is highlighted. This systematic compilation of load test data is part of a broader research agenda to digitalise foundation design for “precision construction”, which is targeted at characterising “site-specific” model factors and soil parameters based on both site-specific and generic data for further customisation of design to a particular site. The mean and COV of the model factor for a range of geo-structures, geomaterials, and limit states (both ultimate and serviceability) are summarized in a form suitable for adoption in design and codes of practice. Based on this summary, it is proposed that a model factor for a design model can be classified as: (1) moderately conservative (1?≤?mean?相似文献   

Development of partial factor design method on bending strength of piles for Japanese Specifications for Highway Bridges     

Toshiaki Nanazawa  Tetsuya Kouno  Gaku Sakashita  Takashi Nakaura 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2019,13(3):176-184

ABSTRACT

This paper describes the development of a partial factor design method on the bending strength of piles for the Japanese Specifications for Highway Bridges. First, uncertainties in mobilised bending moments and yield bending moments were evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations. Second, the reliability of piles designed by the previous specifications were evaluated on the basis of reliability analysis considering uncertainties in the mobilised bending moments, yield bending moments, and other factors. Finally, a partial factor design method utilising a survey subsurface investigation method and ground type was developed to reach target reliability levels determined by the Standards.  相似文献   

影响黄山市中心城区工程建设的地质因素及工程建设适宜性评价          下载免费PDF全文

彭苗枝  秦先燕  何苗 《华东地质》2019,(1):67-73

通过野外地质调查和室内综合分析,研究黄山市中心城区地形地貌、水文、工程地质、水文地质和地质灾害等可能影响工程建设的主要地质因素的发育特征,并运用多因子分级加权指数法进行工程建设适宜性评价。研究区可划分为工程建设适宜区、较适宜区和适宜性差区3个等级;黄山市中心城区地质环境总体较好,工程建设适宜区和较适宜区面积广且成片分布,与定性认识基本吻合。以上认识可为黄山市中心城区城市规划布局、建设、发展及工程选址提供基础资料和决策依据。  相似文献   

Optimizing dewatering design for a metro station on the Chengdu Metro Line 7     

LI Ke  KANG Xiao-bing 《地下水科学与工程》2019,7(2):155-164

At present, most calculation results regarding foundation pit dewatering are ideal values, making construction resources prone to being wasted. In order to optimize the traditional pipe well design of large wells, the linear programming solution module in Excel is used, with the total water inflow taken as the objective function, the water level drawdown used as the constraint and test condition, and a station project on the Chengdu Metro Line 7 serving as the subject of this study. The total water inflow of the traditional pipe well design is optimized by the simplex method, producing a total water inflow of 4 040.65 m~3/d, which, compared with 4 829.79 m~3/d, the total water inflow calculated by means of the traditional design optimization method, engenders a reduction of roughly 16% per day. The feasibility of the optimization methodology is verified by the drawdown constraint, which reveals the decrease of construction costs and the diminution of the influence that the lowered groundwater level has on the surroundings of the metro station. Finally, references are provided as to optimizing the dewatering designs for other metro stations in similar engineering and hydrogeological conditions.  相似文献   

Temporal and spatial evolution of surface sediments characteristics in the Dagu River estuary and their dynamic response mechanism     

《China Geology》2019,2(3):325-332

Based on the 39 surface sediment samples collected in the flood season and the dry season in 2012 respectively and the measured hydrological data in October 2012, the sediment grain size characteristics has been analyzed and the response mechanism of surface sediments to estuarine hydrodynamics was revealed by calculating the range of waves and tidal currents. The results show that: (1) The grain size of the surface sediment samples decreased gradually from land to sea in the flood season. The fine sediment was redistributed under marine hydrodynamics in the dry season and the sediments showed coarser tendency ingeneral; (2) tidal current stirring sediment was very obvious in Dagu River estuary area, and wave stirring sediments mainly occurred in the tidal flat area and estuary sand bar area; (3) in the flood season, surface sediment sat the estuary were transported towards south and southeast. In the dry season, surface sediments were transported towards southwest at the north area of Jiaozhou Bay Bridge, and sediments were transported towards northeast area at the south of Jiaozhou Bay Bridge.  相似文献   

Regional gravity survey and application in oil and gas exploration in China     

《China Geology》2019,2(3):382-390

Ground gravity survey for regional structure unit delineation and oil and gas exploration in China is addressed in this paper with examples. Gravity survey scales, coverage, technical regulations and achievements at the national level are introduced, including data processing and anomaly interpretation techniques. Bouguer anomalies of terrestrial territories of China and classification of anomalous feature zones are also described; they are well correlated with lithotectonical boundaries, fault zones, and unexposed igneous plutons. Recent study results of petroliferous sedimentary basins are presented as well, including concealed boundaries and major structures of large basins. It is concluded that gravity survey is the most effective and economic method in unveiling unexposed and deep-seated structures, targeting and delineating oil and gas-bearing sedimentary basins, and locating main trap structures within prolific basins in early stage of exploration in China. Suggestions for improving exploration of both conventional and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs in China are also given in the paper.  相似文献   

Stromatolite characteristics of Mesoproterozoic Shennongjia Group in the northern margin of Yangtze Block,China     

《China Geology》2019,2(3):364-381

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