An examination of τ_c-Pd earthquake early warning method using a strong-motion building array     

Jang-Tian Shieh  Yih-Min Wu  Li Zhao  Wei-An Chao  Chien-Fu Wu 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2011

The use of characteristic period τ_c and peak displacement amplitude Pd of the initial P wave in earthquake early warning (EEW) was proposed by Wu and Kanamori 1, 2, 3 and 4. Here we apply this approach to strong-motion records from a building sensor array installed in Taitung County, Taiwan. This building was damaged during the 2006 M_w=6.1 Taitung earthquake with a peak ground velocity (PGV) of up to 38.4 cm/s at an epicentral distance of 14.5 km. According to our analysis, the peak displacement amplitude Pd is a better indicator for the destructiveness of an earthquake than τ_c because τ_c is more sensitive to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than Pd. In accordance with previous studies, only the structurally damaging Taitung earthquake generated a Pd value larger than 0.5 cm (a threshold for identifying damaging events). Using Pd as an indicator for destructive earthquakes does not lead to missing or false alarms for EEW purposes.  相似文献   

An alternative approach for the Istanbul earthquake early warning system     

Hakan Alcik  Oguz Ozel  Yih-Min Wu  Nurcan M. Ozel  Mustafa Erdik 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2011

Two recent catastrophic earthquakes that struck the Marmara Region on 17 August 1999 (M_w=7.4) and 12 November 1999 (M_w=7.2) caused major concern about future earthquake occurrences in Istanbul and the Marmara Region. As a result of the preparations for an expected earthquake may occur around Istanbul region, an earthquake early warning system has been established in 2002 with a simple and robust algorithm, based on the exceedance of specified thresholds of time domain amplitudes and the cumulative absolute velocity (CAV) levels (Erdik et al., 2003 [1]). In order to improve the capability of Istanbul earthquake early warning system (IEEWS) for giving early warning of a damaging earthquake in the Marmara Region, we explored an alternative approach with the use of a period parameter (τ_c) and a high-pass filtered vertical displacement amplitude parameter (Pd) from the initial 3 s of the P waveforms as proposed by Kanamori (2005) [2] and Wu and Kanamori (2005) 3 and 4. The empirical relationships both between τ_c and moment magnitude (M_w), and between Pd and peak ground velocity (PGV) for the Marmara Region are presented. These relationships can be used to detect a damaging earthquake within seconds after the arrival of P waves, and can provide on-site warning in the Marmara Region.  相似文献   

Application of an earthquake early warning system and a real-time strong motion monitoring system in emergency response in a high-rise building   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tomohiro Kubo  Yoshiaki Hisada  Masahiro Murakami  Fusako Kosuge  Kohei Hamano 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2011

We apply a combination of earthquake early warning system (EEWS) and real-time strong motion monitoring system (RSMS) to emergency response for a high-rise building; The Kogakuin University has a 29-story high-rise building in Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo. The proposed strategy is based on the Plan, Do, Check, Action (PDCA) Cycle to brush up the systems and the users: in the “Plan” stage, we apply EEWS and RSMS to the building, where EEWS predicts not only short-period strong ground motions but also long-period ground motions [1]. The system is built into a building announcement system, an emergency elevator control system, and an email message system, which quickly send emails to the emergency response team. Meanwhile, RSMS provides information on seismic intensities at each floor of the building via the web browser in real time using the existing network in the building. In addition, the building response and structural damage can be estimated based on this information. The network system is impervious to the earthquake damage, because the network cable has extra length, there is, however, possible that a network system does not work due to power outage. Thus, we develop the network system that has uninterruptible power-supply system (UPS) and apply it to EEWS and RSMS. The high-rise building has the emergency call units to the security control center in the building on every floor. The emergency call line, however, will be busy promptly, because it is able to use only one line. Therefore, we installed IP telephone which uses the network system on main floors. UPS will work about 30 min after a major earthquake, it is supposed to be enough time for gathering the damage information about the building during initial response. In the “Do” stage, we prepare emergency response instruction manuals and educate the faculty members and students to carry out promptly emergency response. In the “Check” stage, the validity of the proposed systems are verified by carrying out an earthquake drill in an actual high-rise building. The earthquake drill confirmed that our proposed approach is valid. In the final “Action” stage, we improve these systems and emergency response manual and educate people in the building how to use effectively these systems.  相似文献   

建立地震预警、地震报警和烈度速报综合系统的思考     

王暾  龚宇  顾建华  陈天长  杜文康  周玮 《国际地震动态》2011,(9):24-29

如何减少地震灾害所引起的人员伤亡、次生灾害以及快速判断灾情以落实全面的防御观,是我国自汶川地震以来非常关注的问题.在建设我国地震烈度速报和预警系统的背景下,我们提出尽可能减少投资以改变传统模式、建设不需要专门观测房的监测系统,提高烈度速报和预警系统的监测点密度,实现地震预警、报警和烈度速报综合系统,为全社会提供更好的防...  相似文献   

The calcareous nannofossil Sollasites falklandensis (Coccolithophyceae) and its biostratigraphic and palaeoceanographic importance in the Albian of the Austral Basin, Argentina     

Juan Pablo Pérez Panera 《Cretaceous Research》2011,32(6):723-737

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中小河流山洪预警预报系统开发设计及应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

胡健伟  刘志雨 《水文》2011,31(3):18-21

我国中小河流众多,山洪频发,洪灾损失严重,是造成人员伤亡的主要灾种。目前,我国中小河流山洪预报预警技术研究还处于初步阶段,山洪监测预警系统尚在试点建设中。介绍水利部公益性项目"中小河流突发性洪水监测与预警预报技术研究"开发的中小河流山洪预警预报原型系统,包括基于分布式水文模型、动态临界雨量的山洪预警预报方法,山洪预警预报原型系统的总体结构、软件设计与功能实现,以及在其中一个示范区江西遂川江的试运行情况,并对其实际应用进行了分析,以期为当前所开展的中小河流洪水易发区水文监测预警项目及全国山洪灾害防御非工程措施建设等工作提供参考。  相似文献   

大菱鲆早期发育过程中免疫器官的发生     

佟雪红  徐世宏  刘清华  李军  肖志忠  马道远 《海洋科学》2011,35(6):62-67

应用组织切片研究了大菱鲆（Scophthalmus maximus）初孵仔鱼至60日龄幼鱼免疫器官的发育过程。结果表明,免疫器官原基出现的先后顺序是头肾、脾脏和胸腺。1日龄仔鱼可以观察到头肾原基,包含未分化的造血干细胞。5日龄时,脾脏原基出现,其淋巴化开始于27日龄且发育速度较慢。13日龄时,大菱鲆仔鱼胸腺原基出现,且...  相似文献   

大菱鲆早期发育过程中免疫器官的发生     

佟雪红  徐世宏  刘清华  李军  肖志忠  马道远 《海洋科学集刊》2011,50(6):62-67

应用组织切片研究了大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)初孵仔鱼至60 日龄幼鱼免疫器官的发育过程。结果表明, 免疫器官原基出现的先后顺序是头肾、脾脏和胸腺。1 日龄仔鱼可以观察到头肾原基, 包含未分化的造血干细胞。5 日龄时, 脾脏原基出现, 其淋巴化开始于27 日龄且发育速度较慢。13 日龄时, 大菱鲆仔鱼胸腺原基出现, 且发育速度较快, 分为外区和内区。在大菱鲆早期发育过程中, 胸腺和头肾之间出现细胞迁移现象。免疫器官淋巴化的顺序是胸腺、头肾和脾脏。在免疫器官发育后期, 脾脏和头肾中均发现了黑色素-巨噬细胞中心(MMCs), 脾脏中较丰富, 但在胸腺中尚未发现。在大菱鲆仔鱼早期发育阶段, 免疫器官尚未发育完善, 非特异性防御机制起着重要的免疫作用。  相似文献   

流域性暴雨洪涝灾害风险预警模型与应用分析     

廖永丰  聂承静 《地球信息科学学报》2011,13(3):354-360

洪涝灾害是我国影响范围最广、持续时间最长、造成损失最大的一类自然灾害。暴雨是洪涝灾害的最主要致灾因素,所以,暴雨洪涝灾害风险预警研究是洪涝灾害防灾减灾的重要基础。本文立足洪涝灾害应急管理工作要求,对洪涝灾害系统空间仿真模拟研究模式进行改进,采用流域地表径流模拟代替控制断面水位模拟,彻底解决流域地表产流及河道水位模拟限制...  相似文献   

2013年湖南首场致灾性强对流天气过程成因分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

叶成志  唐明晖  陈红专  田莹 《湖北气象》2013,(1):1-10

应用湖南多部雷达和探空资料、中小尺度自动气象站资料、南岳高山站逐时观测资料及LAPS局地分析资料,对2013年3月19日湖南首场致灾性强对流天气过程的成因进行综合分析,并探讨强冰雹和雷暴大风预警着眼点及其可预警性。结果表明:强对流发生前,近地面晴空辐射增温、对流不稳定层结、强的垂直风切变、强温度梯度直减率以及近地层较好的水汽条件为强对流风暴发生发展提供了良好的潜势条件;中低层冷平流、地面中尺度辐合线、能量锋和露点锋以及近地面层弱辐散、中低层强辐合、高层强辐散的动力耦合结构是强对流发生的有利天气背景,中低层冷空气是这次强对流过程的触发机制;强对流风暴的前期以超级单体风暴和多单体风暴为主,超级单体风暴东移北上过程中与湖南西部不断新生的对流回波结合后发展成飑线,飑线维持、发展过程中出现"弓形"回波、中层径向辐合(MARC)、低层辐散、速度大值区等特征;在短临预警服务中,中低层明显的钩状回波结构、持续偏高的反射率因子和垂直积分液态水含量(VIL)值为靖州强冰雹预警的发布提供了有效依据,而低仰角距离地面1 km内的径向速度大值区(大于20 m.s-1)则为道县雷暴大风预警提供重要参考。  相似文献