上海芦潮港海域污损生物的分布特征及生态特点     

王晓波  魏永杰  龙绍桥 《海洋学研究》2011,(3):136-144

2007年3月1日至2008年2月29日在上海芦潮港附近海域进行了污损生物周年挂板试验,调查了该海域污损生物的种类组成、优势种、附着季节和生物量分布特征,分析了主要污损生物的生态特点.结果表明,该海域共鉴定出污损生物52种,隶属于9个生物门类,其中藻类5种,腔肠动物11种,苔藓虫6种,多毛类2种,软体动物5种,甲壳类1...  相似文献   

华南沿海4种主要污损生物幼虫和孢子的采集与培养技术     

严涛  谢恩义  曹文浩  刘姗姗  何毛贤  董钰  严文侠 《热带海洋学报》2011,(3)

海洋污损生物附着是增加海上作业成本、影响设施安全和缩短其使用年限的重要因素,掌握海洋污损生物幼虫和孢子的采集与培养技术是开展防除研究工作的基础。网纹藤壶Balanus reticulatus、缘管浒苔Enteromorpha linza、石莼Ulva lactuca和细基江蓠Gracilaria tenuistipitata是华南沿海主要的污损生物种类。研究上述4种污损生物幼虫和孢子的采集与培养技术,结果显示,网纹藤壶无节幼虫于30℃黑暗环境中培养,5d左右即可发育为金星幼虫,可将其在4℃条件下储存备用。强度为4000lx的光照射缘管浒苔和石莼,可刺激其游孢子大量释放;细基江蓠经阴干处理再浸泡海水,可诱导其果孢子的放散。每天接受900—1300lx光照12h,室温(21—26℃)下培养4d,是观察缘管浒苔和石莼游孢子附着萌发的最佳条件,而细基江蓠果孢子的附着萌发观察则以室温(18—23℃)下培养2d为宜。  相似文献   

兴化湾污损生物群落结构及其时空格局          下载免费PDF全文

吴加文  李众  林和山  刘坤  黄雅琴  林俊辉  何雪宝  牟剑锋  张舒怡  马丽  王建军 《应用海洋学学报》2019,38(4):578-584

于2017年6月至2018年5月在兴化湾口东北面进行污损生物周年挂板试验,全年共记录污损生物12门94种,群落组成以近岸暖水种为主,主要表现为典型的亚热带内湾型群落。网纹藤壶(Amphibalanus reticulatus)是最主要的优势种和代表种,其平均附着密度和湿重分别可达23 394ind./m~2和8 494. 4 g/m~2。其它优势种还有刚毛藻(Cladophora sp.)、叉节藻(Amphiroa sp.)、中胚花筒螅(Ectopleura crocea)、双列笔螅(Pennaria disticha)、细毛背鳞虫(Lepidonotus tenuisetosus)、翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)、福建牡蛎(Magallana angulata)、三角藤壶(Balanus trigonus)、加尔板钩虾(Stenothoe gallensis)、长鳃麦杆虫(Caprella equilibra)、角突麦杆虫(Caprella scaura)、大室别藻苔虫(Biflustra grandicella)、史氏菊海鞘(Botryllus schlosseri)等。夏季为污损生物的附着旺季,其附着厚度、覆盖面积、附着密度和湿重分别为30. 5 mm、100%、25 175 ind./m~2、8 783. 6 g/m~2,其次分别为秋季、春季和冬季,下半年的附着强度明显高于上半年,附着强度的垂直分布差异并不明显,主要区别在于表层有部分藻类附着,而底层几乎没有藻类分布。  相似文献   

影响东寨港红树林中光背团水虱分布的生态因子研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

邱勇  李俊  黄勃  胡吟胜  李洋  吴国明  段泽林 《海洋科学》2013,37(4):21-25

作者于2012年6月对东寨港红树林保护区中光背团水虱(Sphraeroma retrolaevis)虫害区域的水质因子和光背团水虱的分布情况进行了调查研究。结果表明: 光背团水虱的水平分布与水温、盐度、pH值、COD值、OD值没有直接关系; 调查区内影响团水虱水平分布的主要水质因子是:总氮质量浓度为0.356～0.605 mg/L,总磷质量浓度为0.050～0.054 mg/L,浮游生物量为1.23～1.82 mg/L;网纹藤壶的生长与光背团水虱在垂直分布有直接关系,光背团水虱距离网纹藤壶越远,光背团水虱洞穴数量越少,其关系函数为y=6.15x²–9.17x+16.45,R²=0.9879。  相似文献   

Impact of seawater temperature on growth and recruitment of invasive fouling species at the global scale          下载免费PDF全文

Joshua P. Lord 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(2)

Epibenthic fouling communities are dominated by invasive species that are globally distributed and can have substantial ecological and economic impacts in coastal habitats. Little is known about inter‐specific differences in life history strategies that cosmopolitan invasive species employ to acquire space and succeed in invaded habitats. The goal of this study was to examine the impact of seawater temperature on recruitment and growth of several cosmopolitan fouling species including the tunicates Botrylloides violaceus, Botryllus schlosseri and Diplosoma listerianum, as well as the bryozoans Bugula neritina and Watersipora subtorquata. To do this, the iBARGE (Invasive Bryozoan and Ascidian Recruitment and Growth Experiment) program was developed, utilizing a global network of collaborators to examine patterns over a broad geographic scale and a wide range of naturally varying seawater temperatures. This project produced a data set of thousands of photographs from 18 marinas in five countries in summer 2014 and 2015, allowing for recruitment and growth to be tabulated at a variety of temperatures. Thermal growth curves were established for five invasive species, and growth was compared among temperatures across sites, revealing a significant thermal effect. Recruitment was linked to temperature, with generally higher recruitment at warmer seawater temperatures and the highest peak recruitment values for the bryozoan Bugula neritina. Temperature also changed the relative importance of growth and recruitment for several species. These results paint a complex picture of the interactions among invasive fouling species as they relate to seawater temperature.  相似文献   

The analysis and forecast for fouling in water pipelines in Daqing oilfield     

Xiaoyan LIU Qianya ZHU Jinlai FENG Gang QI Baosen ZHANG Yingli LI Jingxin SUN 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):161-161

In order to maintain the reservoir pressure and improve oil recovery efficiency, water flood recovery is used commonly in the middle and last periods of oilfield exploitation. At the same time, in order to avoid environmental pollution, the oilfield sewage should be reinjected. During that manufacture, variations in the conditions of pressure, temperature and unstability and incompatibility of thermodynamics make scale formation in water flood assize, casing, bottom of the wells, surface equipments and gathering lines. Taking the Daqing oil field for example, in which the surface gathering lines the scale forming is comparatively serious. In order to improve crude oil processing effect to warm up wet oil, this measure results in scale formation constant in pipelines and equipments, so inner diameter becomes less, leading to back pressure ascent in pipelines, the loss of efficiency of processing equipment, these all have a strong impact on normal activities in oilfield, increase the frequency of maintenance repairs and replacements for pipelines and equipments, and reduce the completion benefit. So forecasting the scaling tendency of surface gathering pipelines, and judging the degree of the scaling tendency or possibility, preventing and controlling scaling effectively is not a negligible research topic in petroleum production technology and oil-gas-water treatment technology. This paper introduces the fouling process, fouling mechanism and the influence factors of the scale, mainly analyses the formation mechanism of calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate, and some factors, such as temperature, pressure, salinity and some thermodynamics conditions. All these factors lead to changes in ionic equilibrium condition, so they will influence the fouling. This paper analyses the main kinds of scale in the gathered transportation water pipeline in the forth plant in the Daqing Oilfield, adopts the method of saturation exponent and energetic solubility to forecast the trend of fouling, reduces the calcium carbonate showing scaling tendency, calcium sulfate having the possibility of scaling.  相似文献   

西施舌育苗水体污损生物及其防治   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘德经  张克存  黄德尧 《台湾海峡》2005,24(2):195-199

2000年6月-2001年8月与2002年5月-2003年8月，先后在福建长乐和广东汕头进行西施舌人工育苗的研究．发现西施舌育苗水体的污损生物21种，其中影响较大的有10种．加强水质和底质处理，改进育苗技术工艺，寻找污染源，以防为主．是治理育苗污损生物行之有效的方法．  相似文献   

中国对虾体表微型生物污着原因及防治法验证     

胡超群  曹登宫 《热带海洋学报》1997,(1)

用取自中国对虾Penaeaschinensis养成池人工挂片上的微型污着生物、单胞藻、蛋白胨和几种化学治疗药物在室内水族箱中对中国对虾进行试验，以验证对虾体表微型生物污着的原因，并探讨其防治方法。实验表明：中国对虾体表微型污着生物的组成和数量与加入蛋白胨有关，而与由挂片引入的微型污着生物关系不明显，说明对虾体表微型生物污着的主要原因是水环境中的有机物浓度增高。等鞭金藻Isochrysisgalbana可作为钟虫Vorticellasp.、聚缩虫Zoothamniumsp．、壶鞘虫Lagotiasp.等附着性纤毛虫的食物，但实验中其他几种单胞藻（牟氏角毛藻Chactocerosmuelleri、亚心形扁藻Platymonassubcordiformis、蓝藻Synechococcussp．盐藻Dunaliellasp．）则不能；福尔马林、硫酸铜、孔雀绿、制霉菌素和茶粕均可刺激对虾蜕皮，但以目前推荐给现场使用的药物浓度均难以杀死附着性纤毛虫；在实验的几种药物中，茶粕是刺激中国对虾蜕皮、减少体表微型生物污着最有效的药物。  相似文献   

The influence of caged mariculture on the early development of sublittoral fouling communities: a pan-European study   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Cook  E.J.; Black  K.D.; Sayer  M.D.J.; Cromey  C.J.; Angel  D.L.; Spanier  E.; Tsemel  A.; Katz  T.; Eden  N.; Karakassis  I.; Tsapakis  M.; Apostolaki  E.T.; Malej  A. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2006,63(4):637-649

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The Effects of Industrial Pollution on the Development and Succession of Marine Fouling Communities II. Multivariate Analysis of Succession     

P. J. Moran  T. R. Grant 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(3):247-261

Abstract. The successional stages of fouling communities from 3 sites located along a pollution gradient within Port Kembla Harbour (Australia) were compared quantitatively with those from Wollongong Harbour, a relatively unpolluted area located close by.
A multivariate classification of the data showed that the development of fouling communities in Port Kembla Harbour was very different from that in Wollongong Harbour, involving different types of species. In addition, the classification identified a secondary pattern in the data which showed that the species composition of the Port Kembla Harbour communities changed with time, independently of any seasonal effects.
A principal coordinate analysis of the data was able to further expand on these findings. It demonstrated that the succession of fouling communities in Port Kembla Harbour involved a process whereby one group of species (ascidians) was gradually replaced through time by a second group of different species (bivalves). In contrast, the communities in Wollongong Harbour were dominated by inhibitory interactions. The succession in this area mainly involved species (particularly bryozoans) which colonised during the initial stages of development and remained in the communities as they continued to develop.
Changes in the succession of fouling communities from Port Kembla Harbour were thought to be due to the loss of pollution sensitive species, such as bryozoans, from the environment. This was not attributed to the acute, toxic effects of the pollutants, but rather to more subtle and indirect effects.  相似文献