渗流作用下床面切应力响应机理   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李寿千  陆彦  陆永军 《水科学进展》2011,22(4):509-515

由于河床底部渗流的引入,传统的床面切应力测量方法不再适用,床面切应力对渗流的响应机理研究目前仅限于基于相关假定的理论分析和间接的推算,不同学者得出不同甚至相反的结论.利用自行设计的渗流床面切应力直接测量装置,对不同明渠水流及渗流组合动力条件下的床面切应力进行了测量.结果表明渗流作用下床面切应力变化与相对渗流强度v_s/U关系密切,一般在|v_s/U|<0.2%时出现拐点,在0.2%<|v_s/U|<0.4%时出现临界点,并指出相对渗流强度v_s/U的取值是已有研究成果相矛盾的关键因素.  相似文献   

Seismic quality factors across a bottom simulating reflector in the Makran Accretionary Prism, Arabian Sea     

Kalachand Sain  Anoop Kumar Singh 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(10):1838-1843

The hydrate-bearing sediments above the bottom simulating reflector (BSR) are associated with low attenuation or high quality factor (Q), whereas underlying gas-bearing sediments exhibit high attenuation. Hence, estimation of Q can be important for qualifying whether a BSR is related to gas hydrates and free-gas. This property is also useful for identifying gas hydrates where detection of BSR is dubious. Here, we calculate the interval Q for three submarine sedimentary layers bounded by seafloor, BSR, one reflector above and another reflector below the BSR at three locations with moderate, strong and no BSR along a seismic line in the Makran accretionary prism, Arabian Sea for studying attenuation (Q⁻¹) characteristics of sediments. Interval Q for hydrate-bearing sediments (layer B) above the BSR are estimated as 191 ± 11, 223 ± 12, and 117 ± 5, whereas interval Q for the underlying gas-bearing sediments (layer C) are calculated as 112 ± 7, 107 ± 8 and 124 ± 11 at moderate, strong and no BSR locations, respectively. The large variation in Q is observed at strong BSR. Thus Q can be used for ascertaining whether the observed BSR is due to gas hydrates, and for identifying gas hydrates at places where detection of BSR is rather doubtful. Interval Q of 98 ± 4, 108 ± 5, and 102 ± 5, respectively, at moderate, strong and no BSR locations for the layer immediately beneath the seafloor (layer A) show almost uniform attenuation.  相似文献   

Scaling,analysis and new instrumentation for dynamic bed tests: The SANDS-Hydralab III papers     

Agustín Sánchez-Arcilla 《Coastal Engineering》2011

This special issue presents the main research results from the SANDS project in Hydralab-III, a research project of the European Union. The papers review the scaling and design of mobile bed tests, the role and limits of conventional and new instrumentation and the extrapolation to full scale. The project has focused on innovative systems of opto-acoustic instrumentation, able to recover water and sediments fluxes at an unprecedented level of accuracy and resolution. The research also included large scale experiments at different scales and a critical comparison of experimental and numerical results to improve the state of the art in Coastal Engineering.  相似文献   

Experimental investigations on developments of velocity field near above a sandy bed during regular wave-induced fluidized responses   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shiaw-Yih Tzang  Yung-Lung Chen  Shan-Hwei Ou 《Ocean Engineering》2011,38(7):868-877

Regular waves were applied in a laboratory flume to investigate the evolutions of the velocity fields near above a fine sandy bed (d₅₀=0.073 mm) during fluidized responses. Measurements of 2D velocity components and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) at 1 cm above the bed in addition to water surface displacements and sub-soil pore pressures were carried out with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter and an optical probe. The results have shown similar three typical soil responses including one unfluidized and two fluidized responses to previous report in other fine-grained soil beds. In the post- and pre-fluidized stages of a resonantly fluidized response, amplitudes of horizontal velocity component can be decreased by a maxima value of 50% while vertical components can be amplified up to 5 times larger. The developments of near-bed velocity field become less significant in consecutive non-resonantly fluidized responses. Particularly, the evolutions of the velocity field are closely dependent on the deepening of fluidized surface soil layers d_f and the characteristics of soil fluidization responses. The amplified vertical velocity components are clearly contradictory to the dissipated overloading waves near above a fluidized bed but are critical to much drastic sediment suspensions by interactions between overloading waves and fluidized bed soils.  相似文献   

苏北盆地海安凹陷红1井区防膨注水开发实验研究     

尹先清  于宝石  孙芳  曹红英  彭丰卫  寇显富  罗觉生 《海洋地质译丛》2011,(4):77-79

在注水油田开发过程中,防止注水引起储层黏土膨胀是非常重要的。苏北油区红1井区储层岩石的水敏指数为0．43,临界矿化度为6000mg／L,表现为中等偏强水敏,储层能量不足,油层压力低,地层水型为CaCl2,总矿化度111643．71mg／L。文章结合拟注入的清水,研究了三种防膨剂在不同温度下的防膨率,其中l#防膨剂使用浓度为1．5％时其防膨率达到88％,在现场得到应用。  相似文献   

卵石沙洲发育与冲刷试验          下载免费PDF全文

李志威  王兆印  李文哲  张晨笛  吕立群 《水科学进展》2014,25(6):797-805

沙洲是塑造分汊型河道最重要的形态因子,其发育与蚀退由于上游来水来沙变化呈现冲淤交替,从而影响分汊河道输水输沙平衡.通过单个卵石沙洲的淤积和冲刷试验,揭示不同加沙速率、粒径和来流量条件下,沙洲淤积和冲刷规律,并建立简化理论模型分析沙洲淤积速率.结果表明,4组加沙试验中,分流点后出现明显淤积下延至洲头,左汊和右汊成为输沙通道,洲尾中心线两侧的左右汊道有泥沙淤积,洲尾未出现淤积.7组清水冲刷试验中,洲头最先承受冲刷和蚀退,并沿洲体冲刷延伸,洲头冲刷的泥沙沿左右汊水流带到下游,洲尾未出现明显冲刷.卵石沙洲以洲头淤积为主导发育模式,泥沙粒径、洲头坡角和分流角是决定淤积速率的关键因子.  相似文献   

辽东湾某油田大斜度井清除岩屑床技术的探讨          下载免费PDF全文

和鹏飞 《探矿工程》2014,41(6):35-37

针对辽东湾某区块大斜度井出现的钻井液粘切高、起下钻困难、钻井液流变性不易控制的问题,从清理岩屑床入手,提出通过改善泥饼质量,保证井眼光滑、井壁稳定和保证钻屑携带的基础上,改变钻井液的流变性,使钻井液在钻铤处达到紊流,并及时使钻屑均匀分散在钻井液中,减少形成岩屑床的机会,达到清理岩屑床目的的新方法。该技术在该区块8口水垂比小于2的井上进行了施工,取得了理想的效果。  相似文献   

桐花树红树林潮滩近底层悬沙浓度垂向剖面变化特征分析*     

黄祖明  周晓妍  戴志军  车志伟 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(4):38-50

观测红树林潮滩在波浪和潮流作用下的近底层垂向剖面悬沙浓度变化过程, 对理解海岸带植被的消能促淤机制和滨海湿地生态修复工程有着重要作用。本文以北部湾七星岛岛尾桐花树红树林潮滩为例, 基于剖面流速仪HR、声学多普勒单点流速仪ADV、浪潮仪T-wave及剖面浊度仪ASM, 获取了研究区域2019年夏季大潮连续3天的水文数据, 同时结合桐花树典型植株实测参数, 分析了潮周期内红树林潮滩近底层垂向剖面悬沙响应波浪、潮流作用及桐花树空间结构的运动过程。结果表明: 1) 桐花树潮滩近底层悬沙浓度和悬沙通量具有涨潮明显大于落潮的潮汐不对称现象, 剖面垂向高悬沙浓度区域在涨潮初期—涨急由距底部0.1~0.37m转变为距底部0.5~0.67m, 落急—落潮末期则由上部转变为下部; 2) 潮周期内悬沙起动和再悬浮阶段发生在以波浪作用主导的涨潮初期和落潮末期, 平流和沉降发生在以潮流作用为主的涨急至落急整个阶段; 3) 涨潮阶段桐花树冠层的茂密枝叶通过减缓流速拦截多于冠层上部40%以上的悬沙, 落潮水体则挟沙自陆向海经过桐花树群落, 使得悬沙浓度下降超过71%。该不对称涨、落潮动力沉积机制有利于悬沙向岸输运, 促进潮滩扩张过程。  相似文献   

Highly conservative behaviour of bed sediment‐associated metals following extreme flooding     

Rachel R. Hurley  Jamie C. Woodward  James J. Rothwell 《水文研究》2019,33(8):1204-1217

On December 26, 2015 (Boxing Day), an exceptional flood event occurred in the Irwell catchment, United Kingdom, when the neighbouring Mersey catchment experienced a much more typical winter run‐off event. This provided an opportunity to examine the influence of high‐magnitude hydrological processes on the behaviour of fine‐grained metal‐contaminated bed sediments. Forty sites across the two catchments were sampled for channel bed fine sediment storage and sediment‐associated metal(loid) concentrations prior to, and following, the flooding. Sediments were analysed for total As, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn and then subjected to a five‐step sequential extraction procedure. Despite a significant reorganisation of fine‐grained (<63 μm) sediment storage, metal(loid) concentrations demonstrated markedly conservative behaviour with no significant difference observed between pre‐flooding and post‐flooding values across both catchments. Estimates of the channel bed storage of sediment‐associated metal(loid)s also showed minimal change as a result of the flooding. The metal partitioning data reveal only minor changes in the mobility of bed sediment‐associated metal(loid)s, indicating that such flood events do not increase the availability of sorbed contaminants in these catchments. Post‐flooding bed sediment metal(loid) loadings remain high, indicating persistent and long‐lasting sources of contamination within the Irwell and upper Mersey fluvial network.  相似文献   

Displacement and transport of marked pebbles,cobbles and boulders during floods in a steep mountain stream     

Mario Aristide Lenzi 《水文研究》2004,18(10):1899-1914

In a small experimental catchment of the Dolomites (Rio Cordon, 5 km²) field observations have been carried out on the movement of various sized bed material particles. Displacement length of 860 marked pebbles, cobbles and boulders (0·032 < D < 0·512 m) has been measured along the river bed during individual snowmelt and flood events in the periods 1993–1994 and 1996–1998. Floods were grouped into two categories. The first includes ‘ordinary’ events, which are characterized by peak discharges with a return period of 1–5 years and by an hourly bedload rate not exceeding 20 m³ h^?1. The second refers to ‘exceptional’ events with a return period of 50–60 years. A flood of this latter type occurred on 14 September 1994, with a peak discharge of 10·4 m³ s^?1 and average hourly bedload rate of 324 m³ h^?1. The variation according to grain size of total displacement length L_i depends on the degree of mobilization of the individual fractions of the bed surface: L_i is independent of D_i for smaller, fully mobile grain sizes and decreases rapidly with D_i for larger fractions in a state of partial transport. Sustained selective transport without a supply of sediment from upstream leads to the development of a stable coarse armoured surface through progressive winnowing of finer material from the bed surface. With supply unlimited conditions for transport, both the occurrence of extreme events and the duration of a sequences of ‘ordinary’ floods play an important role in the degree of mobilization of the individual fractions of the bed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献