Identification of the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on molecular and isotopic characterization from the Yangtze estuarine and nearby coastal areas     

OU Dongni  LIU Min  CHENG Shubo  HOU Lijun  XU Shiyuan  WANG Lili 《地理学报》2010,20(2):283-294

Samples of suspended particulate matters (SPMs), surface sediment and road dust were collected from the Yangtze estuarine and nearby coastal areas, coastal rivers, and central Shanghai. The samples were analyzed for the presence of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the USEPA priority-controlled list by GC-MS. The compound-specific stable carbon isotopes of the individual PAHs were also analyzed by GC-C-IRMS. The sources of PAHs in the SPMs and surface sediments in the Yangtze estuarine and nearby coastal areas were then identified using multiple source identification techniques that integrated molecular mass indices with organic compound-specific stable isotopes. The results revealed that 3-ring and 4-ring PAH compounds were dominant in the SPMs and surface sediments, which are similar to the PAH compounds found in samples from the Wusong sewage discharge outlet, Shidongkou sewage disposal plant, Huangpu River, coastal rivers and central Shanghai. Principal component analysis (PCA) integrated with molecular mass indices indicated that gasoline, diesel, coal and wood combustion and petroleum-derived residues were the main sources of PAHs in the Yangtze Estuary. The use of PAH compound- specific stable isotopes also enabled identification of the PAHs input pathways. PAHs derived from wood and coal combustion and petroleum-derived residues were input into the Yangtze Estuary and nearby coastal areas by coastal rivers, sewage discharge outlets during the dry season and urban storm water runoff during the flood season. PAHs derived from vehicle emissions primarily accumulated in road dust from urban traffic lines and the commercial district and then entered the coastal area via the northwest prevailing winds in the dry season and storm water runoff during flood season.  相似文献   

脂肪营养对封闭循环水养殖道氏虹鳟生长、相关代谢酶及基因表达的影响     

张静  李勇  孙国祥  赵宁宁  马骏  王顺奎 《海洋科学》2017,41(10):24-32

为探讨饲料脂肪营养对封闭循环水养殖道氏虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)生长、脂肪代谢及相关酶基因表达的影响,作者采用单因素设计,即4个脂肪水平——12%、15%、18%、21%(以Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组表示),共4个处理组,每处理3重复,每重复25尾鱼。试验鱼为初始体质量(333.25±20.71)g的道氏虹鳟幼鱼,试验期77 d。结果表明,与后3组相比,Ⅰ组试验鱼增质量率显著提高17.20%~33.17%,Ⅰ和Ⅱ组饲料系数显著低于Ⅲ和Ⅳ组6.20%~20.56%(P0.05);脂肪合成酶类FAS活力随饲料脂肪水平升高而降低,脂肪分解酶类LPL、HL及L-CPTⅠ活力变化特征与之相反(P0.05)。其中,Ⅰ组FAS活力显著高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ组7.5%、8.7%;L-CPTⅠ活力显著低于后3组13.08%~16.35%;Ⅳ组LPL活力显著或极显著高于前3组18.8%~44.7%(P0.05或P0.01);I组肝脏FAS的mRNA表达量比后3组显著高48.29%~55.15%(P0.05);LPL呈相反特征,Ⅳ组显著高于前3组36.72%~113.59%(P0.05或P0.01);Ⅰ组肌肉FAS mRNA表达量显著高于Ⅳ组66.82%(P0.05);LPL表达丰度随脂肪水平升高先下降后显著上升(P0.05)。该结果特征与肝脏中该两种酶活力变化具有同步性。研究发现,随饲料脂肪水平变化,肌肉FAS mRNA表达量变化比肝脏更明显且规律性更强,而肝脏LPL mRNA表达量变化较肌肉更明显。本试验初步确定,在封闭循环水养殖模式下,330 g左右道氏虹鳟饲料蛋白水平在45%时,脂肪水平以不超过12%为宜。  相似文献   

山东日照和福建厦门沿海花鲈遗传差异的同工酶和RAPD分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李明云  赵明忠  钟爱华  薛良义 《海洋学报》2005,27(3):119-123

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对来自山东日照和福建厦门沿海花鲈的LDH,MDH,ME,α-GPDH,ADH,SDH,SOD,G-6PDH,EST,GDH等10种同工酶进行检测,共检测出19个基因座位,其中ME-1,G-6-PGH-2,EST-1,EST-5等4个基因座位具有多态性,多态座位比例均为21.1%,两群体的平均杂合度期望值分别为0.1112及0.0939;两群体间的遗传相似度和遗传距离分别为0.9902和0.0098.采用RAPD技术分析了两种群花鲈,从31条随机引物共检测出日照群体263个位点,其中具有多态性的位点占82个,多态位点比例为31.18%;检出厦门群体192个,多态位点46个,多态位点比例为24.08%;两群体间的遗传相似度为0.8338,遗传距离为0.1662.两地花鲈在基因组DNA水平上存在较大的遗传差异.利用随机引物S11,S42,S45,S52和S203,在花鲈两群体间扩增出8条稳定、明显的群体间特异性标记带,为花鲈苗种鉴别、良种培育和种质资源保护提供了遗传依据.  相似文献   

The Pleistocene vermicular red earth in South China signaling the global climatic change: The molecular fossil record   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8  

谢树成  易轶  刘育燕  顾延生  马振兴  林文姣  王先彦  刘刚  梁斌  朱宗敏 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(11):1113-1120

The widespread (with a distribution area of 2.2?06 km2) Pleistocene red earth is believed to be one of the most detailed records of the environmental and climatic changes in South China. However, the previous research mainly covers the rough dating, pedo…  相似文献   

广西弗拉阶—法门阶之交碳同位素与分子地层对比研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

龚一鸣  李保华  吴诒 《地学前缘》2002,9(3):151-160

对广西 7条碳酸盐台地、斜坡和盆地相剖面的碳同位素与分子地层的对比研究表明 ,在牙形石生物地层带或偏心率轨道旋回层建立的等时地层格架内 ,跨越弗拉阶—法门阶 (F—F)之交的碳同位素组成在 1 4Ma内不具一致性 ,表现为正偏、负偏和无偏 3种模式。主要的分子化石包括正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烃、萜类、甾类 ;其母体生物源主要为海源浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖非光合作用的菌类和陆源高等植物。其中浮游植物和浮游动物是构成F—F事件期碳酸盐台地、斜坡和盆地相生物量的主体。分子地层参数及其与碳同位素的关系显示 ,F—F之交广西海域高温、高盐、缺氧、多风 ;Pr Ph与δ1 3C曲线的变化表现为负相关。地层的加积方式 (加积、进积和退积 )、堆积速率、缺氧程度、分子化石类型和丰度是影响广西F—F之交碳同位素组成变化的主要因素。退积序列、快速堆积、缺氧程度和有机质埋藏量增加通常对应δ1 3C值增加。由于分子地层参数能提供生物与环境这两大直接影响碳同位素组成的量化信息 ,因此 ,碳同位素与分子地层的对比研究对正确解释碳同位素的特征和成因具有重要意义  相似文献   

The Heterogeneous Reaction of NO<Subscript>2</Subscript> with NH<Subscript>4</Subscript>Cl: A Molecular Diffusion Tube Study     

Norimichi?TakenakaEmail author  Michel?J.?Rossi 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2005,50(2):171-194

The heterogeneous interaction of nitrogen dioxide with ammonium chloride was investigated in a molecular diffusion tube experiment at 295–335 K and interpreted using Monte Carlo trajectory calculations. The surface residence time (τ_surf) of NO₂ on NH₄Cl is equal to 15 μs at 295 K, increases with temperature up to 323 K (τ_surf = 45 μs) and probably decreases beyond 323 K. The same experiment also yields uptake coefficients, γ, which are derived from the absolute number of surviving molecules effusing out of the diffusion tube. The rate of uptake of NO₂ on NH₄Cl followed a rate law first order in [NO₂] and the uptake coefficient γ is equal to 7 × 10⁻⁵ at 295 K, increases with temperature up to 323 K (γ = 2.1 × 10⁻⁴) and probably decreases beyond 323 K. Nitrous acid, water and nitrogen were detected as products. From these products, it is concluded that the reaction of NO₂ with NH₄Cl is a reverse disproportionation reaction where two moles of NO₂ result in ammonium nitrite, NH₄NO₂, as an intermediate, and nitryl chloride, NO₂Cl. NH₄NO₂ decomposes in two pathways, one to nitrous acid, HONO and NH₃, the other to nitrogen and water. The branching ratio for the production of HONO + NH₃ to that of N₂ + H₂O is approximately 20 at 298 K and increases with increasing temperature.  相似文献   

Molecular structure of kerogens from source rocks of the Tarim Basin: A study by Py-GC-MS and methylation-Py-GC-MS     

JIA Wanglu & PENG Ping’an State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry  Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Guangzhou  China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(3):313-325

Kerogen is the organic matter in sediments that isneither soluble in common organic solvents nor in hy-drous alkaline solvents[1]. It is the most important or-ganic matter on the earth and regarded as the majorsource of natural gas and petroleum. Being the mac-romolecule, kerogen is not readily to be contaminatedby other organic matter. It is the most reliable indige-nous organic matter in sediments[2]. The structure of kerogen is one of the key sub-jects of organic geochemical studies in…  相似文献   

豫北煤田焦作、鹤壁、安阳矿区二1煤层优势断裂构造地球化学特征   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

蒋建平  罗国煜  康继武 《地球化学》2000,29(4):367-375

对豫北煤田焦作、鹤壁和安阳矿区二１煤层的对比样（构造煤和原生结构煤）进行了显微镜和扫描电镜下观察、镜质组反射率测试、Ｘ射线衍射分析和化学分析等。研究结果表明,构造煤因发生了断裂构造地球化学作用,其化学成分、元素成分和煤分子结构与原生结构煤明显不同：构造煤的挥发分含量（％）比原生结构煤一般要小０．５５～３．４８,平均要小１．５９;构造煤和原生结构煤相比,碳含量（％）平均增加了３．１,氢含量（％）平均  相似文献   

Small-scale clumping in molecular clouds     

T. L. Wilson  C. M. Walmsley 《Astronomy and Astrophysics Review》1989,1(2):141-176

Summary This review consists of five sections. In the introduction, we briefly review the development of the study of molecular clouds. In the second section, we review the theories of molecular cloud structure and compare these predictions with the statistical properties of the clouds. In Sect. 3 we give an overview of current approaches to determinations of mass and local density in clouds. In the fourth part, we discuss the observations of a selected sample of individual sources. The emphasis here is on high resolution studies of regions of star formation. The final section contains a discussion of instrumental limitations and mentions some future developments.  相似文献   

The density and magnetic field of the dense cores of the molecular cloud L 1630     

Xing-wu Zheng  Yong-feng Huang 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》1996,20(4):437-444

The density and magnetic field strength of the dense cores in the Orion B molecular cloud are derived from the observed radius and FWHM line width based on the model of a uniformly magnetic sphere. We obtain the average magnetic field strength of 110μG and the average density of 8 × 10⁴/cm³ for the 39 cores, which agree closely with the observations. The method for deriving the density and magnetic field strength is applicable to the cores with R>0.2pc.  相似文献