Model tests on installation and extraction of suction caissons in dense sand     

Yukun Zhang  Yufeng Gao 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(7):921-929

A series of model tests were performed on steel- and Perspex-made suction caissons in saturated dense marine sand to explore installation and extraction behaviors. The extractions of the caisson were conducted by applying monotonic loading or by pumping water into the caisson. Responses of suction caissons to pullout rates, aspect ratios, and extraction manners were examined. Test results show that a cone-shaped subsidence region occurs around the suction caisson during the suction-assisted installation. The pullout bearing capacity of the suction caisson in sand is dominated by the loading rate and the loading manner. For the suction caisson subjected to monotonic loading, the maximum bearing capacity is reached at the pullout rate of about 20.0?mm/s. The mobilized vertical displacement corresponding to the pullout capacity increases with increasing the pullout rate. The passive suction beneath the suction caisson lid reaches the maximum value when the pullout bearing capacity is mobilized. In addition, during the suction caisson extracted by pumping water into the caisson, the maximum pore water pressure in the caisson is obtained under the displacement of approximately 0.04 times the caisson diameter. The absolute values of the maximum pore water pressures for the suction caissons approximately equal those of the maximum vertical resistances at the monotonic pullout rate of 5 mm/s. When the vertical displacements of the suction caissons with the aspect ratio of 1.0 and 2.0 reach 0.92 and 1.77 times the caisson diameter, respectively, the seepage failure occurs around the caissons. Using a scaling method, the test results can be used to predict the time length required for the prototype suction caisson to be extracted from the seabed.  相似文献   

1958-2016年呼伦贝尔草原新巴尔虎右旗气温和降水变化特征     

邸择雷  乌云娜  宋彦涛  霍光伟  张凤杰  王晓光  张小红 《中国沙漠》2017,37(5):1006-1015

气候变化是影响草原区植被与环境状况的重要因素。利用呼伦贝尔草原新巴尔虎右旗1958-2016年的气温和降水数据资料,采用线性倾向估计法、累积距平分析法、M-K检验法和Morlet小波分析等方法,从不同时间序列上,对该地区近59年的气候变化趋势、极端气候以及突变现象进行分析。结果表明：年平均气温以0.354℃/10a的速率上升,上升趋势显著;四季平均气温均呈现增温趋势,其中春季增温趋势最大;1985-1986年发生了由低温到高温的突变;研究区年平均气温存在11 a的强显著周期。研究区年降水量整体以8.68 mm/10a的速率呈下降趋势,变化趋势不显著;降水集中在夏季（6-8月）,占全年降水量的72.9%,7月降水量最大,有效降水日数最多;1961-1962年和1981-1982年降水发生突变;极端降水指标中日最大降水量、连续5 d最大降水量、强降水量、极强降水量、强降水比率、连续无雨日数、零降水量日数均呈现递减趋势,仅降水强度呈递增趋势,变化趋势均不显著;Morlet小波分析表明研究区年降水量存在52 a的强显著周期。新巴尔虎右旗近59 a气候总体呈现干旱化趋势。  相似文献   

黑龙江绥芬河市北寒葱河河谷地下水水质保护及开发利用建议     

李霄  贾立国  王晓光  朱巍  蔡贺  柴璐 《地质与资源》2017,26(6):596-602

为掌握绥芬河市北寒葱河河谷地下水的水质状况,向地方提供合理的水资源开发建议,本研究以地质、水文地质调查、水样采集等手段为基础,利用模糊综合评价法和层级阶梯法分别进行了研究区地下水水质和污染状况评价,应用物探测试、抽水试验等原位测试技术论证了区域地下水的富水性。以上工作基本查明了研究区地下水的水量和水质现状.认为研究区裂隙承压水一般为Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质,污染等级为未污染水,水质状况较好,污染程度较低,宜于饮用;中生代构造破碎带涌水量可达350m³·d^-1以上,建议地方政府应重点围绕构造破碎带开展物探找水,并开展地下水源地分区保护规划.  相似文献   

陕西泾阳南塬滑坡干湿黄土快速大剪切力学特性     

洪勇  车效文  郑孝玉  刘鹏  周蓉 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2017,47(4)

借助于先进的多功能大型高速高压环剪试验机,针对陕西泾阳南塬滑坡中的饱和黄土、干燥黄土在快速大剪切位移条件下的力学响应特性进行了环剪试验研究。研究结果表明:1)在相同试验条件下,与干燥状态黄土相比,泾阳南塬黄土在饱和条件下抗剪强度指标降低。2)在连续快速剪切条件下,泾阳南塬滑坡饱和与干燥黄土均表现出应变软化特征,饱和黄土比干燥黄土的软化特征更加显著。3)在相同法向应力条件下,剪切速率对饱和和干燥黄土峰值强度均有显著影响,但两种状态下土体峰值强度随剪切速率变化特征不同。饱和黄土峰值强度随剪切速率的增大而增大,而干燥黄土峰值强度随剪切速率的增大而减小。4)在不同含水状态下,泾阳南塬滑坡黄土剪切力学特性变化规律具有不同的产生机理。其中,干燥黄土抗剪强度在连续剪切过程中主要受黏土颗粒间摩擦(阻)力、颗粒运移与定向排列以及剪切面形态的控制。与干燥黄土相比,饱和黄土峰值抗剪强度变化主要受土黏聚力的控制并受水的影响;土体内水的作用能够加剧其应变软化程度并可形成光滑平整的剪切面形态,进而对其峰后剪切应力变化产生影响。  相似文献   

Inverse modelling of aquifer parameters in basaltic rock with the help of pumping test method using MODFLOW software     

Kanak Moharir  Chaitanya Pande  Sanjay Patil 《地学前缘(英文版)》2017,8(6):1385-1395

The origin and movement of groundwater are the fundamental questions that address both the temporal and spatial aspects of ground water run and water supply related issues in hydrological systems. As groundwater flows through an aquifer, its composition and temperature may variation dependent on the aquifer condition through which it flows. Thus, hydrologic investigations can also provide useful information about the subsurface geology of a region. But because such studies investigate processes that follow under the Earth's shallow, obtaining the information necessary to answer these questions is not continuously easy. Springs, which discharge groundwater table directly, afford to study subsurface hydrogeological processes.The present study of estimation of aquifer factors such as transmissivity (T) and storativity (S) are vital for the evaluation of groundwater resources. There are several methods to estimate the accurate aquifer parameters (i.e. hydrograph analysis, pumping test, etc.). In initial days, these parameters are projected either by means of in-situ test or execution test on aquifer well samples carried in the laboratory. The simultaneous information on the hydraulic behavior of the well (borehole) that provides on this method, the reservoir and the reservoir boundaries, are important for efficient aquifer and well data management and analysis. The most common in-situ test is pumping test performed on wells, which involves the measurement of the fall and increase of groundwater level with respect to time. The alteration in groundwater level (drawdown/recovery) is caused due to pumping of water from the well. Theis (1935) was first to propose method to evaluate aquifer parameters from the pumping test on a bore well in a confined aquifer. It is essential to know the transmissivity (T = Kb, where b is the aquifer thickness; pumping flow rate, Q = TW (dh/dl) flow through an aquifer) and storativity (confined aquifer: S = bS_s, unconfined: S = S_y), for the characterization of the aquifer parameters in an unknown area so as to predict the rate of drawdown of the groundwater table/potentiometric surface throughout the pumping test of an aquifer. The determination of aquifer's parameters is an important basis for groundwater resources evaluation, numerical simulation, development and protection as well as scientific management. For determining aquifer's parameters, pumping test is a main method. A case study shows that these techniques have been fast speed and high correctness. The results of parameter's determination are optimized so that it has important applied value for scientific research and geology engineering preparation.  相似文献   

Analysis of simple shear tests with cell pressure confinement     

J. Antonio H. Carraro 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2017,12(3):169-180

The high cost of offshore infrastructure provides continuous encouragement for optimisation of design practices. Development of a more rational method to interpret results from simple shear tests with cell pressure confinement can reduce costs and improve reliability of offshore infrastructure. This paper addresses a commonly overlooked issue affecting design parameter selection: specimen shape varies from right cylinder to oblique cylinder after loading along a single shearing direction. Thus, horizontal stresses are not always equal to the cell pressure and their magnitude varies throughout the specimen’s lateral surface. An analysis is proposed that accounts for changing specimen geometry and lateral surface area during shearing and for the actual effect of cell pressure during testing. The analysis also describes how the intermediate principal stress can be assessed. Test results for medium dense silica sand are interpreted following de Josselin de Jong’s alternative shearing mechanism hypothesis. Conventional interpretation methods yield conservative design parameters for this soil. Failure states develop when the intermediate principal effective stress is halfway between major and minor principal effective stresses. Typical results for the soil tested show equipment performance meets standard direct simple shear requirements for shear strain rate, vertical stress and specimen height control.  相似文献   

Probabilistic assessment of soil liquefaction considering spatial variability of CPT measurements     

Gökhan Saygili 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2017,11(2):197-207

The conventional liquefaction potential assessment methods (also known as simplified methods) profoundly rely on empirical correlations based on observations from case histories. A probabilistic framework is developed to incorporate uncertainties in the earthquake ground motion prediction, the cyclic resistance prediction, and the cyclic demand prediction. The results of a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, site response analyses, and liquefaction potential analyses are convolved to derive a relationship for the annual probability and return period of liquefaction. The random field spatial model is employed to quantify the spatial uncertainty associated with the in-situ measurements of geotechnical material.  相似文献   

基于瞬变电磁矩变换的快速三维反演方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

饶丽婷  武欣  吴超  张晓娟  方广有 《地球物理学报》2016,59(11):4338-4348

瞬变电磁法的严格三维反演计算复杂、占用资源多,在普通计算机上难以实现.本文引入瞬变电磁矩变换的概念,提出一种快速三维反演方法.该方法基于阻性限制(resistive limit)特性,建立包含异常体的三维大地的一阶矩响应正演算法,根据不同约束条件,选择优化的最速下降法实现瞬变电磁快速三维反演.文中通过含异常体的三维大地正演一阶矩与仿真数据一阶矩的对比,验证了快速三维正演算法的有效性,之后在不同约束条件下,利用优化的最速下降法实现了对含噪声的仿真瞬变电磁数据的快速三维反演.结果表明,该方法能够在普通计算机上短时间内较为准确地反演出地下异常体的体积和位置,在瞬变电磁数据的实时解释工作中具有良好的应用前景.  相似文献   

多通道大功率电法勘探仪集成试验   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

底青云  雷达  王中兴  张一鸣  王顺  张启卯  张文伟  欧阳涛 《地球物理学报》2016,59(12):4399-4407

采用自主研发的多通道大功率电法勘探仪进行了深部矿勘探测试.首先在河北省张家口市张北县进行了仪器整体的调试和波形测试等试验,试验结果表明,在大偏移距情况下,尽管存在50 Hz电磁干扰,也能获得与发射波形相关的波形曲线,验证了仪器系统的正确性和稳定性.然后在内蒙古曹四夭钼矿区采集了4.8km的剖面数据,并进行了相应的数据处理工作.对所采集的数据进行了大地脉冲响应计算、峰值时刻提取和视电阻率计算,以及电阻率二维反演工作,反演的的电阻率断面结构与已知地质资料相吻合,验证了数据流程和处理方法的正确性.此次多通道大功率电法勘探仪的成功集成,为进一步大规模比对试验和装备整装勘探打下了基础.  相似文献   

Experimental study on the bidirectional inelastic deformation capacity of U‐shaped steel dampers for seismic isolated buildings          下载免费PDF全文

Diana Ene  Shoichi Kishiki  Satoshi Yamada  Yu Jiao  Yoshinao Konishi  Masao Terashima  Norihisa Kawamura 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(2):173-192

Hysteretic dampers are used to dissipate earthquake‐induced energy in base‐isolated structures by acquiring inelastic deformations, rendering their hysteretic behavior of vital importance. The present paper focuses on investigating the behavior of U‐shaped steel dampers under bidirectional loading; this is significantly different from their corresponding uniaxial behavior. Two main sets of loading tests on full‐scale specimens are conducted in this regard: (i) quasi‐static tests with simple histories and (ii) dynamic tests with realistic loading histories. Based on the results obtained in the quasi‐static tests, an interaction curve that accounts for the reduction of the cyclic deformation capacity is proposed. However, the fidelity of this relation must be assessed under loading conditions similar to those of a seismically isolated structure subjected to an earthquake, which represents the goal of the second set of tests. The results of the dynamic tests validate the proposed interaction curve for estimating the deformation capacity of U‐shaped steel dampers under bidirectional loading. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献