Experimental study of aeolian sand ripples in a wind tunnel   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Hong Cheng  Chenchen Liu  Jifeng Li  Bo Liu  Zhongquan Zheng  Xueyong Zou  Liqiang Kang  Yi Fang 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(1):312-321

The topographic parameters and propagation velocity of aeolian sand ripples reflect complex erosion, transport, and deposition processes of sand on the land surface. In this study, three Nikon cameras located in the windward (0–1 m), middle (4.5–5.5 m), and downwind (9–10 m) zones of a 10 m long sand bed are used to continuously record changes in sand ripples. Based on the data extracted from these images, this study reaches the following conclusions. (1) The initial formation and full development times of sand ripples over a flatbed decrease with wind velocity. (2) The wavelengths of full development sand ripples are approximately twice the wavelengths of initially formed sand ripples. Both wavelengths increase linearly with friction velocity. During the developing stage of sand ripples, the wavelength increases linearly with time. (3) The propagation velocity of full development sand ripples is approximately 0.6 times that of the initially formed sand ripples. The propagation velocity of both initial and full development of sand ripples increase as power functions with respect to friction velocity. During the developing stage of sand ripples, the propagation velocity decreases with time following a power law. These results provide new information for understanding the formation and evolution of aeolian sand ripples and help improve numerical simulations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于水下多目标定位的目标识别和辨析处理     

任纪庆  程鹏飞  蔡艳辉  徐彦田 《测绘工程》2010,19(2):59-61

在水下多目标的定位过程中,对不同目标发射源的标识和分辨是非常关键的一部分。介绍一种方法,即在目标发射数据的文件头加上一个目标号进行标识。在数据处理中采用三级顺序的数据分离,层层提取,能够分辨出不同目标定位所需的数据。  相似文献   

浊积岩和砂质碎屑流岩关键识别标志及辽河盆地岩心实例^*     

杨棵  朱筱敏  刘宇  刘兴周  郭峰 《古地理学报》2020,22(3):483-492

重力流是自然界中广泛存在的一种流体形式,不同学者基于不同切入点往往会提出多种重力流的划分方案。采用浊流和碎屑流的二分方案,对浊积岩和砂质碎屑流岩的沉积特征展开综述和探讨,旨在进一步概括这2类岩石的沉积特征,明确具有指示意义的最典型相标志。研究表明,在野外露头和钻井岩心中,可以通过以下典型特征鉴别浊积岩和砂质碎屑流岩: 砂岩内若发育以正粒序为特征的递变层理,则应该将其认定为浊积岩;若砂岩内发育泥岩撕裂屑、漂浮状泥砾或不含任何层理构造(块状砂岩),则应该将其认定为砂质碎屑流岩。这些特征是鉴别浊积岩和砂质碎屑流岩最可靠的标志。此外,变形层理、爬升波纹交错层理、波状层理、平行纹层、冲刷侵蚀界面、岩性突变界面和槽模等沉积构造也具有一定指示意义,出现这些特征时需要结合沉积背景、岩相的垂向组合关系和地球物理等资料进行综合判断。  相似文献   

堆积阶地古老滑坡识别方法及其在线状工程地质勘察中的应用     

安玉科  樊江  马胜午  马建全  高娟  毛立军 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(6):1787-1794

阶地型古老滑坡体形成后,长期受各种营力影响,导致古老滑坡地貌形态破坏严重甚至消失。目前遥感技术和普通工程地质调绘很难发现这些滑坡的存在,给工程建设和后期运营造成较大安全隐患。为准确识别形态特征不明显的古老滑坡体,从阶地物质结构特征演变入手,找到阶地受剪切破坏产生的典型物质结构特征,将地层结构错断、卵砾石异常定向排列、摩擦镜面和泥包粒的眼球构造等作为滑坡准确识别依据。首先采用沿沟谷进行工程地质测绘的纵横交错追踪法确定滑坡体纵向范围和滑面形状,再结合地貌特征推测各级、块滑坡平面范围和分布,最后用点状勘探工程验证和校正推测结论。可将其总结为由"地貌异常、沿沟追踪、面上推断、点状校验"组成的阶地型滑坡识别方法,即物质结构异常推断法。结合线状工程勘察设计各阶段工作特点,提出线状工程前期工作中阶地型滑坡识别步骤,并在临渭高速公路工程建设项目中取得成功应用。  相似文献   

东营凹陷现河地区沙三段震积岩特征及其意义   总被引：15，自引：3，他引：12  

魏垂高  张世奇  姜在兴  刘金华 《沉积学报》2006,24(6):798-805

在区域构造背景研究和岩芯观察的基础上,在东营凹陷现河地区沙三段地层中识别出震积岩。震积岩的主要标志是发育各种类型的软沉积变形构造,包括微阶梯状正断层、层内小褶皱、扭曲变形、振动液化砂岩脉、震塌岩等。通过对河152井、王59井、牛38井、牛22井等井岩芯的系统观察,发现由于构造和地震强度的不同,震积岩的垂向序列有所不同,并进一步研究了各种震积岩构造特征与地震强度的关系,研究表明不同的震积岩构造特征对应不同的地震强度,进一步确定了与古地震的关系。通过对本区储层分析,认为震积岩可以作为一种有效的储集空间。这些研究为东营凹陷构造演化研究、震积岩的识别和描述以及成藏提供了重要的地质理论依据,并可为该区古地震研究提供依据。   相似文献   

Philopatry and dispersal of juvenile leervis Lichia amia (Teleostei: Carangidae) tagged in a warm-temperate South African estuary     

T Murray  P Cowley  A-R Childs  R Bennett 《African Journal of Marine Science》2017,39(1):59-68

Understanding and characterising movement and area-use patterns of fishes within estuaries, as well as understanding the degree of connectivity between estuaries and the marine environment, can provide important insights into a species’ ecology, which is fundamental for effective management and conservation. Mark-and-recapture data obtained from the 082 TAG FISH Project, a dart-tagging programme, were used to describe movement patterns of juvenile leervis Lichia amia in the permanently open Swartkops Estuary, South Africa, as well as the degree of connectivity with the adjacent marine environment. A total of 628 juvenile leervis were tagged from 2008 to 2015, of which 77 fish (12.3%) were recaptured, with juveniles comprising 85.7% of all measured recaptures. The majority of recaptures (75.3%) were made within the Swartkops Estuary, indicating estuarine philopatry, with 23.4% having moved less than 1 km, revealing site fidelity, but most (51.9%) displaying estuarine roaming. A smaller portion of recaptures (27.7%) had dispersed to other habitats; 16 (20.8%) displayed multiple-habitat connectivity, while only 3 (3.9%) had undertaken long-distance movements (>100 km) and were recaptured up to 825 km northeast of the Swartkops Estuary. Lichia amia that had moved greater distances were characterised by a greater mean size and age at the time of recapture. This study provides valuable information on the philopatry and dispersal of juvenile L. amia.  相似文献   

风成沙波纹脊线提取与应用计算   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李猛  董治宝  张正偲 《中国沙漠》2014,34(2):312-317

风成沙波纹是沙质地表在风力作用下形成的最小地貌单元,对研究风沙的起动过程和运动过程极其重要,同时,沙波纹形态特征的研究为了解大尺度范围风沙地貌形态演变提供理论基础。然而由于风成沙波纹尺度较小,形成速度较快,导致对其形态特征的观测比较困难。近些年,随着计算机图形学的迅猛发展,数字图像处理方法得到了较大发展,使得测量和计算更加便捷。本文基于高清相机拍摄的风成沙波纹图像,借助于Matlab平台,采用数字图像处理技术,对沙波纹脊线进行提取,并应用于沙波纹形态参数计算。本文选取腾格里沙漠东南缘的沙波纹进行验证分析,得到风成沙波纹波长的正态分布规律,沙波纹的波长随时间逐渐增长,在40 min的时间范围内,波长由不足1 cm逐步发展到接近10 cm。最后,采用数字图像处理方法,计算了沙波纹脊线长度和波长。采用数字图像处理方法,波长等数据更易于获取和统计,数据采集效率大大提高,为风成沙波纹的研究提供了新的方法。  相似文献   

Evaluating local population dynamics of the American lobster,Homarus americanus,with trap‐based mark‐recapture methods and seabed mapping     

Michael J. Dunnington  Richard A. Wahle  Michael C. Bell  Nathan R. Geraldi 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(6):1253-1276

Seabed mapping, spatially referenced trapping, and mark‐recapture methods have all been useful tools in ecological studies of lobsters and other benthic animals. Here we integrate the three methods to evaluate local population dynamics and movements of American lobsters, Homarus americanus, in coastal fishing grounds in Maine, United States. The study was conducted on five study areas of different size, and used two different sampling protocols. At one site (1 km² in area) we used a monthly mark‐recapture sampling interval over a 6‐month period, only tagging a subsample of the catch. At four smaller sites (0.3 km²) we used a shorter‐term approach, sampling at 3–4‐day intervals for a 2‐week duration, tagging the entire catch. Tagging data were analysed with a modified Jolly‐Seber model adapted for continuous sampling to estimate population abundance, gains (immigration), and losses (emigration and mortality). Side‐scan sonar surveys of the seabed combined with diver‐based population surveys, stratified by substrate type, provided an independent comparison to mark‐recapture‐based estimates of abundance over the same areas. Spatial referencing of trap catch also allowed us to relate catch rates and lobster movements directly to seabed features. The longer‐term tagging data on the larger study area provided abundance estimates that were more consistent with the diver observations, and estimates of gains and losses statistically more robust, than those derived from the shorter‐term effort on the smaller sites. The flux of lobsters followed the well known seasonal movements on these fishing grounds, with gains and losses from the larger study area ranging over 1000 individuals per day, and an estimated mid‐summer peak density of >65 000 lobsters per km² (individuals >50 mm carapace length). This approach may lend itself to broader application with the American lobster.  相似文献   

月球线性构造分类体系研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

罗林  刘建忠  张莉  籍进柱  郭弟均  刘敬稳 《岩石学报》2017,33(10):3285-3301

月球线性构造是月球科学研究中的重要组成部分,建立月球线性构造分类体系是月球地质图编研的关键。前人对月球线性构造的分类研究主要基于月表的形貌特征,划分的线性构造类型参差不齐,尚未形成一个公认的、规范的、具有普适性的线性构造分类体系,以至于分类结果的可对比性差、参考性和易操作性较低,不利于月球线性构造纲要图的编制。并且月球线性构造的概念混乱、术语不统一,存在"同物异名、同词异义、异词同义、涵义不明"的现象,不利于全球性的统一制图和成果的展示及使用。鉴于此,本文采用多指标组合的分类方法,以成因机制和形貌特征作为主要指标,兼顾物质组成,再结合线性构造形成的动力学机制,建立了符合月球动力学演化背景的、统一规范的线性构造类型划分的新方案,避免了单以形貌特征为依据来分类出现的混乱状态,具有较好的科学性和可操作性。将月球的线性构造类型划分为:内动力地质作用形成的线性构造,包括皱脊、月溪、地堑、断裂;外动力地质作用形成的线性构造,包括坑缘断裂和坑底断裂,以及多成因机制、多动力来源作用形成的特殊类型如坑链等。在此基础上,并利用多源遥感数据建立了易于判别且具有代表性的线性构造识别标志,可为全月球线性构造的统一制图提供识别依据。  相似文献   

基岩标的施工技术探讨与实践          下载免费PDF全文

严一华  汪拾金 《探矿工程》2012,39(3):55-58

基岩标是指在覆盖有松散地层的区域内为更准确测定地面沉降量,穿过覆盖层埋设在稳定基岩卜的标杆直通地面,经过保护处理作为相对稳定的基岩水准点。具有标孔要求高、基岩面判层准确、标杆安装要求高等特点。通过浙江省宁波市2座基岩标施工的实践,探讨了确保基岩标质量的关键技术和控制措施,对实际施工有一定的参考作用。  相似文献