Ore Mineralogy and Mineral Chemistry of the Ashanti Gold Deposit at Obuasi, Ghana     

Shiloh OSAE  Katsuo KASE  Masahiro YAMAMOTO 《Resource Geology》1999,49(1):1-11

Abstract: The gold deposit at Ashanti occurs in the Proterozoic Birimian formation of Ghana. Two main ore types mined from the deposit are gold-bearing quartz veins, and gold-sulfide disseminations in metasediments and metavolcanics. The main sulfide minerals in the gold-sulfide disseminated ores are arsenopyrite, pyrite and pyrrhotite, and to a very minor extent, sphalerite and tetrahedrite. Carbonate alteration and sericitization are prominent in the metavolcanics and the metasediments, respectively. In the quartz veins, pyrite and arsenopyrite commonly occur in small amounts, but gold mostly occurs in contact with tetrahedrite, chalcopyrite, galena, aurostibite, and sphalerite. Pyrrhotite is absent in the quartz veins.
Microprobe studies indicate that As content of homogeneous arsenopyrite grains ranges from 27. 0 to 31. 7 atm%, and gives mineralization temperatures from 170 to 430°C, although mostly from 300 to 400°C. Chlorite geothermometry using temperature dependence of substitution of Al for Si in the tetrahedral site gives formation temeratures of 330 to 400°C, comparable to the arsenopyrite temperatures. Applying sphalerite–pyrite–pyrrhotite geobarometry to sphalerite with FeS contents from 13. 6 to 12. 5 mol%, the pressure was estimated to be in a range from 5. 9 to 7. 0 kb at the stage of elevated temperatures.
Mineralogical observations, especially absence of pyrrhotite in the quartz veins, together with microprobe data for gold and associated minerals suggest that the fluids having ascended through fissures in the Ashanti deposit were reduced by the reaction with carbonaceous materials in the metasediments during the declining stage of the regional metamorphism.  相似文献   

闪锌矿交代黄铜矿形成的"黄铜矿病毒"结构     

胡文宣  张文兰  胡受奚  顾连兴 《矿物学报》2000,20(4):331-336

闪锌矿和黄铜矿交生形成的“黄铜矿病毒”结构通常被解释为由富铜热液交代闪锌矿形成。本文通过显微结构研究、电镜观察和电子探针微束分析,都证明了建德铜矿的“黄铜矿病毒”结构系闪锌矿交代黄铜矿形成。闪锌矿中“黄铜矿病毒”群仍保留着原始黄铜矿的轮廓,高倍电镜下具明显的交代残蚀结构,电子探针点、线、面成分分析都表明,无论闪锌矿中“黄铜矿病毒”含量多少,Ｆｅ：Ｃｕ原子比始终在１附近,与后期热液交代说不相符。总成分在相图上的投点还否定了固溶体成因的可能。  相似文献   

闪锌矿Cd、Fe含量与矿化阶段的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘铁庚  叶霖  周家喜  邵树勋 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2012,31(1):78-81

闪锌矿是在许多矿床中最常见的矿物.闪锌矿的Cd、Fe含量与矿化阶段关系的研究,可以推断矿液演化史和矿床形成环境变化史.对矿床评价及勘查有一定的指示意义.分析国内外200多个矿床闪锌矿Cd、Fe含量数据,有8个矿床注明了闪锌矿形成的矿化阶段.其中4个矿床早阶段产生的闪锌矿比晚阶段形成的闪锌矿富Fe、贫Cd,4个矿床早阶段结晶的闪锌矿比晚阶段形成的闪锌矿既富Fe,又富Cd.反映矿床形成的地质构造和物理化学环境,矿液来源及演化史绝然不同.  相似文献   

热处理改性天然闪锌矿的可见光催化性能研究     

殷义栋  李艳  颜云花  鲁安怀 《岩石矿物学杂志》2013,32(6):825-832

天然闪锌矿是一种具有良好可见光催化性能的半导体光催化剂,然而其结构缺陷会成为光生电子的捕获阱,导致其光催化反应效率降低。为了进一步提高其可见光催化效率,本文在空气气氛下对天然闪锌矿进行了500～1 200℃的热处理改性实验研究,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对热改性后样品的半导体物理化学性质进行了初步的表征分析;然后以甲基橙为目标降解物进行了热处理样品的光催化实验研究。研究结果显示,空气气氛下的热处理随着温度的逐渐升高,闪锌矿物相先转变为氧化硫酸锌,再转变为红锌矿和锌铁尖晶石,到1 100～1 200℃时样品完全转变为红锌矿-锌铁尖晶石二元复合半导体光催化剂,此时样品在可见光下对甲基橙的降解率从原样的54.2%提高到99.7%,1 100～1 200℃改性后样品的可见光催化性能最好。  相似文献   

Trace Elements and Rare Earth Elements of Sulfide Minerals in the Tianqiao Pb-Zn Ore Deposit, Guizhou Province, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

ZHOU Jiaxi  HUANG Zhilong  ZHOU Guofu  LI Xiaobiao  DING Wei  BAO Guangping 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(1):189-199

Trace elements and rare earth elements (REE) of the sulfide minerals were determined by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results indicate that V, Cu, Sn, Ga, Cd, In, and Se are concentrated in sphalerite, Sb, As, Ge, and Tl are concentrated in galena, and almost all trace elements in pyrite are low. The Ga and Cd contents in the light-yellow sphalerites are higher than that in the brown and the black sphalerites. The contents of Ge, Tl, In, and Se in brown sphalerites are higher than that in light-yellow sphalerites and black sphalerites. It shows that REE concentrations are higher in pyrite than in sphalerite, and galena. In sphalerites, the REE concentration decreases from light-yellow sphalerites, brown sphalerites, to black sphalerites. The ratios of Ga/In are more than 10, and Co/Ni are less than 1 in the studied sphalerites and pyrites, respectively, indicating that the genesis of the Tianqiao Pb–Zn ore deposit might belong to sedimentary-reformed genesis associated with hydrothermal genesis. The relationship between LnGa and LnIn in sphalerite, and between LnBi and LnSb in galena, indicates that the Tianqiao Pb–Zn ore deposit might belong to sedimentary-reformed genesis. Based on the chondrite-normalized REE patterns, δEu is a negative anomaly (0.13–0.88), and δCe does not show obvious anomaly (0.88–1.31); all the samples have low total REE concentrations (<3 ppm) and a wide range of light rare earth element/high rare earth element ratios (1.12–12.35). These results indicate that the ore-forming fluids occur under a reducing environment. Comparison REE compositions and parameters of sphalerites, galenas, pyrites, ores, altered dolostone rocks, strata carbonates, and the pyrite from Lower Carboniferous Datang Formation showed that the ore-forming fluids might come from polycomponent systems, that is, different chronostratigraphic units could make an important contribution to the ore-forming fluids. Combined with the tectonic setting and previous isotopic geochemistry evidence, we conclude that the ore-deposit genesis is hydrothermal, sedimentary reformed, with multisources characteristics of ore-forming fluids.  相似文献   

黔西北天桥铅锌矿床锗地球化学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵海燕  黄智龙  李晓彪 《矿物学报》2011,31(3):509-514

天桥铅锌矿床是川一滇一黔铅锌多金属成矿域黔西北铅锌成矿区内很具代表性的中型矿床,赋矿岩石为石炭系碳酸盐岩,矿床严格受构造控制。本次工作利用ICP—MS分析了该矿床主要矿石矿物（黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿）中锗的含量,初步查明了该区锗的分布规律,探讨了锗在方铅矿和闪锌矿中的富集机制。结果表明：原生矿体中Ge在方铅矿中的含量和富集系数均明显大于闪锌矿,显示本区Ge在方铅矿中的富集特征;Ge在演化晚期的成矿流体中相对富集,流体中的Ge以“2M（I）＋M（Ⅱ）＋M（Ⅲ）=4Zn（Ⅱ）”形式进入方铅矿．Ge在方铅矿中不是以类质同象形式替代Pb、而是替代其中的Zn。  相似文献   

铅锌矿床地质样品的Ge同位素预处理方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱传威  温汉捷  樊海峰  张羽旭  刘洁  杨涛  王光辉 《岩矿测试》2014,33(3):305-311

目前Ge同位素研究主要局限于地球有机质(煤等)、火成岩及陨石样品,作为Ge重要储库之一的铅锌矿床,其Ge同位素的研究涉及较少。铅锌矿床样品中Ge的化学分离及提纯是Ge同位素研究的基础。本文详细考察了陨石样品中Ge同位素预处理方法(分离和提纯)对铅锌矿石样品的适用性。阴离子条件实验说明,目前普遍采用的离子交换树脂单柱法虽然对铅锌矿样品中Fe、Se等元素的剔除效果理想,但无法有效剔除其中的Zn,当Zn/Ge比值大于3时,样品必须经过阳离子交换树脂柱作进一步处理剔除Zn。通过对闪锌矿标准样品、锌矿石标准样品的条件实验以及实际闪锌矿样品对条件结果的验证显示,当闪锌矿的称样量为0.15 g左右时,仅需将前人对玄武岩等样品Ge同位素处理方法中阴离子树脂洗脱酸(1.4 mol/L硝酸)的用量6 mL调整为10 mL,而阳离子树脂洗脱方法保持不变,此方法即满足闪锌矿样品Ge同位素的化学分离和提纯要求。样品经过本文推荐的阴阳离子交换树脂双柱法处理后,主要干扰元素(Fe、Zn、Se、Ni)及基质元素的剔除率接近100%,Ge的回收率优于99%。而前人对玄武岩等样品的Ge同位素处理方法中,主要干扰元素(Fe、Zn、Se、Ni)及基质元素的剔除效果亦较好,但Ge的回收率仅为97.3%,比本文推荐方法的Ge回收率要差。利用MC-ICP-MS对Ge化学分离和提纯后的富乐铅锌矿床闪锌矿样品的检验结果显示,测试过程中未见同质异位素以及可能的多原子离子影响,样品中Ge同位素符合质量分馏定律,经过调整后的阴阳离子交换树脂双柱法满足闪锌矿样品的Ge同位素测试要求。  相似文献   

青海虎头崖铅锌矿床闪锌矿化学成分特征研究     

雷浩  王智琳  鲁安怀  谷湘平  易立文 《岩石矿物学杂志》2014,33(5):924-936

青海虎头崖铅锌矿床是祁漫塔格成矿带矽卡岩型多金属矿的典型代表之一,该矿区岩浆活动强烈,具有Fe、Cu、Mo、Pb、Zn等多金属成矿元素组合。本文通过电子探针对该矿床中闪锌矿化学成分标型特征进行了详细研究,探讨其中Fe、Cd等元素的分布状态和富集规律。研究表明,矿床中闪锌矿可分为3个世代,从早到晚闪锌矿颜色由黑色逐渐变为浅黄色,矿物组合由闪锌矿-(方铅矿-黄铜矿)-黄铁矿-磁黄铁矿→闪锌矿-方铅矿-黄铜矿-黄铁矿-(磁黄铁矿) →闪锌矿-方铅矿-方解石或石英。早阶段形成的闪锌矿以富Fe贫Zn和Cd为特征,而晚阶段形成的闪锌矿相对贫Fe,富Zn和Cd。通过闪锌矿中的FeS含量估算获得成矿温度范围为148～262℃。随着成矿阶段的演化,3个世代闪锌矿中FeS含量逐渐降低,表明对应成矿温度的不断降低,分别为262～258、260～200、248～148℃。结合Zn/Cd含量比值变化范围,认为虎头崖铅锌矿床应属于中温热液矿床。在空间分布上,沿着热液流动方向,闪锌矿中Zn含量逐渐增加,Fe含量逐渐减少,Zn/Cd变化范围增大,指示矿床中热液流动方向为由北西西到南东东,由深部到浅部,与矿体走向一致。通过与国内其他不同类型铅锌矿床的对比,发现虎头崖铅锌矿床闪锌矿中Zn、Fe、Mn、Cd等化学成分具有典型中温矽卡岩型矿床中闪锌矿化学成分的特征,明显不同于层控型矿床、喷流沉积型矿床等其他类型矿床闪锌矿。结合该矿床地质特征和成矿作用过程,我们认为虎头崖铅锌矿床为矽卡岩型矿床。  相似文献   

Development of a Matrix‐Matched Sphalerite Reference Material (MUL‐ZnS‐1) for Calibration of In Situ Trace Element Measurements by Laser Ablation‐Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry          下载免费PDF全文

Peter Onuk  Frank Melcher  Regina Mertz‐Kraus  Hans‐Eike Gäbler  Simon Goldmann 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2017,41(2):263-272

Sphalerite (ZnS) is an abundant ore mineral and an important carrier of elements such as Ge, Ga and In used in high‐technology applications. In situ measurements of trace elements in natural sphalerite samples using LA‐ICP‐MS are hampered by a lack of homogenous matrix‐matched sulfide reference materials available for calibration. The preparation of the MUL‐ZnS1 calibration material containing the trace elements V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Tl and Pb besides Zn, Fe and S is reported. Commercially available ZnS, FeS, CdS products were used as the major components, whereas the trace elements were added by doping with single‐element ICP‐MS standard solutions and natural mineral powders. The resulting powder mixture was pressed to pellets and sintered at 400 °C for 100 h using argon as an inert gas. To confirm the homogeneity of major and trace element distributions within the MUL‐ZnS1 calibration material, measurements were performed using EPMA, solution ICP‐MS, ICP‐OES and LA‐ICP‐MS. The results show that MUL‐ZnS‐1 is an appropriate material for calibrating trace element determination in sphalerite using LA‐ICP‐MS.  相似文献   

内蒙古黄岗梁铁锡矿床闪锌矿LA-ICP-MS微量元素组成及其指示意义     

徐卓彬  邵拥军  杨自安  刘忠法  王文兴  任兴民 《岩石矿物学杂志》2017,36(3):360-370

黄岗梁铁锡矿床位于大兴安岭中南段晚古生代增生造山带。矿区内闪锌矿产于矽卡岩中,可分为浸染状和层纹状闪锌矿。本文对两种闪锌矿进行了高精度LA-ICP-MS元素含量测试,结果表明矿区两种闪锌矿具有相同成因特征,闪锌矿中Mn、Cu、As、In较富集,Ga、Ge、Cd含量较低,而As、Sn、Bi、Pb含量变化较大。Cu、Sn、Bi、Pb等元素在闪锌矿中以独立矿物赋存,Mn、Fe、Ga、Ge、Cd、In、Sb以类质同像形式赋存在闪锌矿晶格中。In/Ga、In/Ge比值较低,Zn/Cd比值为233~250,指示闪锌矿形成于中高温环境。Cd/Fe、Cd/Mn比值分别小于0.1和0.5,指示闪锌矿成因与岩浆活动有关,In Ge特征图解也指示其矽卡岩成因。通过与国内外典型矿床闪锌矿微量元素特征对比,结合矿床地质特征认为黄岗梁铁锡矿床中闪锌矿属于与燕山期岩浆作用有关的中高温矽卡型闪锌矿。  相似文献