Genesis of the Kamioka Skarn Deposits: An Important Role of Clinopyroxene Skarn and Graphite-bearing Limestone in Precipitating Sulfide Ore     

Yasuhiro KATO 《Resource Geology》1999,49(4):213-222

Abstract: A genetical relationship between skarn formation and mineralization is investigated for the Kamioka skarn deposits which are the largest Zn-Pb producer in Japan. In the Mozumi deposit, one of main deposits in the Kamioka mining area as well as Tochibora and Maruyama, clinopyroxene skarn was generally subjected to later replacement by garnet or magnetite–calcite–quartz during the Zn-Pb mineralization. The replacement of hedenbergitic clinopyroxene by andraditic garnet resulted in the formation of diopsidic clinopyroxene relicts. With the progress of replacement, the S/So value (So: an estimated area occupied by an original clinopyroxene grain in a thin section, S: a total area of relict clinopyroxene fragments) which is an index of the degree of replacement decreases from 0. 7 to 0. 1, and the hedenbergite mole percent of relict clinopyroxene decreases drastically from about 65 to less than 40. A close association of andraditic garnet and sphalerite suggests that heden-bergitic clinopyroxene skarn played an important role to reduce the relatively oxic ore-forming fluid enriched in Zn²⁺ and SO4^2– and to precipitate sphalerite from the fluid. Ferrous iron in the hedenbergitic clinopyroxene skarn was oxidized to form andraditic garnet. Besides this garnet formation, the mineral assemblage of magnetite–calcite–quartz replaced the clinopyroxene skarn at the time of mineralization. In both cases, the reduction of relatively oxic ore-forming fluid by hedenbergitic clinopy-roxene skarn at the later stage brought about the precipitation of sulfide minerals. In contrast, these types of later replacement are not found in the Tochibora deposit. Instead, graphite-bearing crystalline limestone and relatively fresh clinopyroxene skarn are common. Mineralized clinopyroxene skarn has high graphite carbon contents relative to barren one, suggesting that the amount of graphite in the skarn was an important controlling factor for mineralization. It is very likely that the graphite played a role of reducing agent during the mineralization in the Tochibora deposit.  相似文献   

安徽淮北三铺地区镁夕卡岩金（铜、铁）矿床生成地质环境、分带和流体演化   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

赵一鸣  张轶男  毕承思  唐开健  孙庆安 《矿床地质》1999,18(1):1-10，36

世界上的含金夕卡岩大多属钙夕卡岩型,镁夕卡岩金矿床十分稀少。本文介绍我国安徽北部三铺地区镁夕卡岩金（铜、铁）矿床的地质地球化学特征。该区含金（铜、铁）镁夕卡岩主要产于台地断拗区燕山期石英二长闪长玢岩与中上寒武统白云质大理岩外接触带。岩体内接触带发育钙夕卡岩和钾长石化,局部有辉钼矿化产出。金矿化与铜的硫化物密切共生,属于镁夕卡岩的退化热液交代作用产物。金属矿化分带序列自蚀变石英二长闪长玢岩到镁夕卡岩  相似文献   

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床磁黄铁矿标型矿物学特征及其地质意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杨阳  唐菊兴  吴纯能  林彬  唐攀  张泽斌  何亮  祁婧  李怡萱 《矿床地质》2020,39(2):337-350

甲玛矿床位于冈底斯成矿带东段,是西藏地区最大的铜多金属矿床之一。磁黄铁矿是甲玛矿床最常见的金属矿物之一,其标型特征不仅反映其自身形成环境,对其形成机制和矿床成因也具有指示意义。文章选取产于不同岩性中的磁黄铁矿矿石样品,利用矿相学、X射线衍射和电子探针分析等手段对磁黄铁矿的形态、成分和结构进行了分析研究。研究表明,甲玛矿床的磁黄铁矿主要分布在距离岩体中心较远的矿区远端矽卡岩和角岩中。磁黄铁矿的晶胞参数和粉晶X射线衍射曲线显示矽卡岩中的磁黄铁矿主要为高温六方磁黄铁矿,角岩中的磁黄铁矿为高温六方磁黄铁矿和低温单斜磁黄铁矿的交生体,但主要以低温单斜磁黄铁矿为主。通过对矽卡岩和角岩中的磁黄铁矿进行电子探针测试,结果显示:矽卡岩中的磁黄铁矿中w(Fe)为60.09%～60.71%,平均为60.38%,w(S)为38.18%～38.69%,平均38.35%,化学分子式为Fe_8S_9～Fe_(10)S_(11);角岩中的磁黄铁矿中w(Fe)为59.05%～59.57%,平均为59.10%,w(S)为39.28%～39.95%,平均39.59%,化学分子式为Fe_5S_6～Fe_7S_8。根据以上矿物学特征,笔者进一步探讨了该矿床磁黄铁矿的沉淀机制:炽热的岩浆热液上涌,与碳酸盐岩地层和碎屑岩地层接触发生相互作用,并有大气水的加入,使得成矿流体在角岩中先快速降温,形成高温六方磁黄铁矿和低温单斜磁黄铁矿的交生体。同时,大量的含矿热液形成,并充填于有利的成矿空间(主要为层间破碎带)沉淀成矿,形成矽卡岩矿体,然后流体在矽卡岩矿段中经历缓慢降温,形成高温六方磁黄铁矿。结合矿床地质特征和相关元素地球化学特征,认为甲玛矿床类型为斑岩-矽卡岩型。  相似文献   

Mineralogy,Fluid Inclusion,and Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotope Studies of the Intrusion‐Related Yangla Cu Deposit in the Sanjiang Region,SW China: Implications for Metallogenesis and Deposit Type     

Li‐Juan Du  Bo Li  Zhi‐Long Huang  Jun Chen  Jia‐Xi Zhou  Guo‐Fu Zou  Zai‐Fei Yan 《Resource Geology》2020,70(1):28-49

The Yangla deposit is an intrusion‐related Cu deposit in the Jinshajiang tectonic belt (eastern Sanjiang region, SW China). Despite extensive studies that have been conducted on this deposit, the relationship between the granitic magma and Cu mineralization is still unclear, and hence, the genesis is debated. To answer this question, we conducted an integrated study of mineralogy, fluid inclusions (FIs), and hydrogen and oxygen (H‐O) isotopes. Three mineralization stages were identified based on the ore textures, alteration zonation, and crosscutting relationships: (i) pre‐ore prograde skarn (stage I), with the garnet and pyroxene dominated by andradite and diopside, respectively; (ii) syn‐ore retrograde alteration (stage II), which is subdivided into the early syn‐ore stage (stage IIa) marked by retrograde hydrated mineral assemblages and significant Fe‐Cu‐Mo‐Pb‐Zn sulfide mineralization, and the late syn‐ore stage (stage IIb) featured by quartz‐calcite veins; and (iii) late supergene mineralization (stage III), which is characterized by secondary azurite and malachite. These results of mineralogy, FIs, and H‐O isotopes indicate that: (i) Cu mineralization has a close temporal, spatial, and genetic relationship with skarn alteration; (ii) the ore fluids were magmatic dominated with late‐stage meteoric water incursion; and (iii) Type‐S (halite‐bearing) and Type‐V (vapor‐rich) FIs coexisted in garnet and clinopyroxene of stage I, indicating that fluid boiling might have occurred during this stage. From stage I to stage IIa, the FI type transformed from Type‐S + Type‐V + Type‐L (liquid‐rich) to Type‐V + Type‐L with the conduct of mineralization and was accompanied by the disappearance of Type‐S, and homogenization temperature and salinity also tended to decrease dramatically, which may be caused by the deposition of skarn minerals. At stage IIa, boiling of the ore fluids still continued due to the change from lithostatic to hydrostatic pressure, which triggered the precipitation of abundant quartz‐Cu‐Mo‐Fe sulfides. Furthermore, fluid mixing between a high‐temperature magmatic fluid and a low‐temperature meteoric water might cause a considerable drop in temperature and the deposition of Cu‐bearing quartz/calcite veins during stage IIb. Hence, we consider the Yangla deposit to be of a skarn type, genetically related to the Mesozoic magmatism in the Sanjiang region.  相似文献   

LA-ICP-MS石榴子石U-Pb定年方法在异剥钙榴岩和矽卡岩年代学研究中的应用     

王森  张拴宏  蔡梦颖  申佳奇  张琪琪  杨静 《地球学报》2024,45(3):386-396

本文利用Coherent GeoLasHD型193 nm ArF准分子激光剥蚀系统和Agilent 7900型四极杆电感耦合等离子体质谱仪, 建立了LA-ICP-MS石榴子石U-Pb定年方法。利用该方法, 对采自冀北地区晚古生代镁铁质-超镁铁质混杂岩体中的异剥钙榴岩和闽西南马坑式铁矿含矿石榴子石矽卡岩这两种岩石中的石榴子石开展U-Pb定年研究。在冀北地区晚古生代镁铁质-超镁铁质混杂岩体中的异剥钙榴岩中, 获得石榴子石下交点年龄为(387.6±5.4) Ma (D496-1, MSWD=1.1, N=30)和(409.3±7.8) Ma (D493-1, MSWD=2.0, N=60), 在马坑铁矿石榴子石矽卡岩中, 获得石榴子石下交点年龄为(128.6±2.1) Ma (ZK7921-b24, MSWD=2.0, N=60)和(128.7±3.2) Ma (ZK7922-b1, 用锆石91500校正, MSWD=1.8, N=42); 在潘田铁矿的石榴子石矽卡岩中, 获得石榴子石的下交点年龄为(128.7±1.7) Ma (PT-b1, MSWD=1.7, N=30)和(132.1±1.3) Ma (PT-b1样品, 用锆石91500校正, MSWD=1.6, N=30)(除了指明使用锆石标样91500校正石榴子石未知样品外, 其他皆用石榴子石标样Willsboro校正石榴子石未知样品的U/Pb分馏)。以上结果与Sm-Nd等时线年龄及前人报道的锆石U-Pb年龄在误差范围内一致。对马坑式铁矿石榴子石矽卡岩U-Pb定年结果表明, 利用石榴子石标样Willsboro和锆石标样91500作为外标样校正同一样品中石榴子石U/Pb同位素分馏, 获得的下交点年龄一致, 206Pb/238U年龄的加权平均值也一致, 说明石榴子石与锆石之间的基体效应较小, 在缺乏石榴子石标样时, 可用锆石标样91500代替。在上述研究基础上分析了石榴子石U-Pb定年方法在矽卡岩型矿床成矿时代研究及异剥钙榴岩年代学研究中的应用潜力, 认为石榴子石U-Pb定年方法在矽卡岩型矿床及异剥钙榴岩年代学研究中具有巨大的应用推广前景, 具有重要的理论指导和实际应用意义。  相似文献   

黑龙江省三矿沟夕卡岩型铁铜矿床矿物学特征及成矿物理化学条件   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邓轲  陈衍景  张成  许强伟  朱雪峰 《地学前缘》2018,25(5):167-182

黑龙江三矿沟铁铜矿床位于大兴安岭北段多宝山矿集区,矿体产于燕山期侵入岩与奥陶系多宝山组大理岩接触带的夕卡岩内。根据矿物共生组合及交代关系,确定热液成矿过程包括夕卡岩阶段、退夕卡岩阶段和石英硫化物阶段。铁矿化主要发生在退夕卡岩阶段,形成磁铁矿、镜铁矿等铁氧化物,呈浸染状、条带状、块状产于钙铁榴石夕卡岩中。铜矿化主要发生在石英硫化物阶段,形成黄铜矿、斑铜矿等硫化物,交代早期矿物。电子探针分析等研究表明,三矿沟铁铜矿床发育钙质夕卡岩矿物组合,其石榴子石主要为钙铝榴石和钙铁榴石,辉石为透辉石钙铁辉石系列,角闪石属于钙角闪石系列,绿泥石属于I型三八面体富铁绿泥石。石榴子石有3种类型：早期自形粗粒的钙铝榴石(Grt-Ia)和钙铁榴石(Grt-Ib),以及晚期呈脉状产出的钙铁榴石(Grt-Ⅱ)。夕卡岩阶段成矿流体具有高温、弱酸性、高氧逸度的特征;退夕卡岩阶段流体温度降低,pH升高,形成大量铁氧化物;石英硫化物阶段流体温度和氧逸度降低,金属硫化物沉淀。  相似文献   

Late Paleozoic Fluid Systems and Their Ore-forming Effects in the Yuebei Basin, Northern Guangdong, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

DENG Jun  YANG Liqiang  SUN Zhongshi  WANG Jianping  WANG Qingfei  CHENG Xueming  ZHOU Yinghua State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes  Mineral Resources  China University of Geosciences  Beijing  Key Laboratory of Lithosphere Tectonics  Lithoprobing Technology of the Ministry of Education  China University of Geosciences  Beijing School of Earth Sciences  Jilin University  Chuangchun  Jilin 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(5):673-687

Based on detailed and systematic researches of the geology of ore deposits, fluid inclusions and isotope geochemistry etc., and regarding the Late Paleozoic fluid system of the Yuebei Basin as an integrated object in this paper, we have revealed the temporo-spatial evolution law of the basin＇s fluid system and discussed its ore-forming effects by simulating and analyzing the distribution of ore-forming elements, the fluid thermodynamics and dynamics of evolution processes of this basin. The results show that Late Paleozoic ore-forming fluid systems of the Yuebei Basin include four basic types as follows. （1） The sea floor volcanic-exhalation system developed during the rapid basin slip-extension stage in the Mid-Late Devonian, which affected the Dabaoshan region. It thus formed the Dabaoshan-type Cu-Pb-Zn-Fe sea floor volcanic-exhalation sedimentary deposits. （2） The compaction fluid system developed during the stable spreading and thermal subsidence-compression stage of the basin in the Mid-Late Devonian. The range of its effects extended all over the whole basin. It resulted in filling-metasomatic deposits, such as the Hongyan-type pyrite deposits and pyrite sheet within the Fankou-type Cu-Pb-Zn-S deposits. （3） The hot water circulation system of sea floor developed during the stage of basin uplifting and micro-aulacogen from the late Late Carboniferous to Middle Carboniferous. The range of its effects covered the Fankou region. It thus formed MVT deposits, such as the main orebody of the Fankou-type Pb-Zn-S deposits. （4） The gravity fluid system developed during the stage of fold uplifting and the basin closed from Middle Triassic to Jurassic, forming groundwater hydrothermal deposits, e.g. the veinlet Pb-Zn-calcite orebodies of the Fankou-type Pb-Zn- S deposits. Migration and concentration of the ore-forming fluids were constrained by the state of temporo-spatial distribution of its fluid potential. Growth faults not only converged the fluids and drove them to move upwards, but also the fluids often crossed the faults to the edges of the basin at the bottom of these faults and the lithologic interfaces, and even migrated to the basin＇s edges from top to bottom along the faults, which may be one of the basic reasons for the stratabound deposits to cluster mainly along the contemporaneous faults on the inner border of the basin. The superposed mineralization resulting from the multi-stage activity of contemporaneous faults and ore-forming fluid systems in the basin may be one of the key factors for forming superlarge ore deposits.  相似文献   

安徽省琅琊山铜矿床深部资源潜力分析及勘查          下载免费PDF全文

杨峰  邢善强 《地质找矿论丛》2009,24(3):217-221

通过矿山生产实践对控岩控矿构造的认识积累和矿区构造形迹的解析,结合CSAMT法测量所获得的异常,推断矿床岩体底部隐伏矿体的存在。经深部资源勘查项目的实施并得以验证,进而提出了下一步资源递进勘查的总体方向和目标。  相似文献   

西南天山中—新生界层控砂砾岩型铜铅锌矿成矿规律     

刘增仁  朱红英  贾润幸  帅磊  唐虎 《地质力学学报》2022,28(1):50-66

西南天山是新疆中—新生界层控砂砾岩型铜铅锌矿的重要产出地区,以萨热克铜矿、 乌拉根铅锌矿、花园铜矿、伽师铜矿为代表,均产于隆起剥蚀区边缘的红层盆地中并严格受层位控制,赋矿盆地的下部为煤系生烃岩,中部为渗透性良好的砂砾岩铜铅锌矿储集层,上覆膏岩及泥岩等密闭盖层,具有铜铅锌-铀-煤-天然气同盆共存富集的成矿特征.文章总结了...  相似文献   

中国矽卡岩矿床找矿新进展和时空分布规律     

赵一鸣  丰成友  李大新 《矿床地质》2017,36(3):519-543

近年来,中国矽卡岩矿床找矿取得了很大的新进展:西藏冈底斯成矿带和班公湖-怒江成矿带发现和探明了十余个大中型矽卡岩铜、金多金属矿床;在青海西部祁漫塔格成矿带发现和探明了不少铁多金属矽卡岩矿床;在东部地区发现和探明了一批大型隐伏的矽卡岩矿床,如河北白涧铁矿床、江西朱溪钨多金属矿床、湖南锡田锡钨矿床、福建上房钨矿床等。在新疆西天山发现和探明了一批大(中)型与火山-侵入活动有关的矽卡岩铁矿床。另外,在新疆发现白干湖、沙沟等大型钨矿床,在甘肃也发现和探明了大型钨矿床。学者们对上述矿床进行了较详细的研究。中国主要矽卡岩矿床最新同位素测年资料表明,矽卡岩矿床的生成时代从元古宙、古生代、中生代到新生代都有,但最重要的成岩成矿期是中生代的燕山期。在空间分布上,赵一鸣等(1990)曾划分出14个重要的矽卡岩成矿带,通过广大地质工作者的努力,在西藏、新疆和青海等省(区)找矿工作的重大进展,又新增4个矽卡岩成矿带,即西藏冈底斯成矿带、班公湖-怒江成矿带、青海祁漫塔格成矿带和新疆西天山成矿带。  相似文献