Carbonaceous materials in size-segregated atmospheric aerosols from urban and coastal-rural areas at the Western European Coast   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Regina M.B.O. Duarte  Cludia L. Mieiro  Ana Penetra  Casimiro A. Pio  Armando C. Duarte 《Atmospheric Research》2008,90(2-4):253-ICNAA07

A high-volume cascade impactor, equipped with a PM10 inlet, was used to collect size-segregated aerosol samples during the summer of 2004 at two Portuguese locations: a coastal-rural area (Moitinhos) and an urban area (Oporto). Concentrations of airborne particulate matter (PM), total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were determined for the following particle size ranges: < 0.49, 0.49–0.95, 0.95–3.0, and 3.0–10 µm. The total PM mass concentrations at the urban and coastal-rural sites ranged from 22.8 to 79.6 μg m^− 3 and 19.9 to 28.2 μg m^− 3, respectively, and more than 56% of the total aerosol mass was found in the fractions below 3.0 μm. At both locations the highest concentrations of OC and EC were found in the submicrometer size range. The regional variability for the OC and EC concentrations, with the highest concentrations being found in the urban area, was related to the contribution of local primary sources (mostly traffic emissions). It was also verified an enrichment of the small size particles in WSOC, representing on average 37.3(± 12.4)% and 59.7(± 18.0)% of OC in the very fine aerosol at the coastal-rural and urban areas, respectively. The amount of secondary OC calculated by the minimum OC/EC ratio method indicates that secondary organic aerosol formation was important throughout the study at both sites. The obtained results suggest that long-range transport and favourable summer conditions for photochemical oxidation are key factors determining secondary OC formation in the coastal-rural and urban areas. The ultraviolet absorption properties of the chromophoric constituents of the WSOC fractions were also different among the different particle size ranges and also between the two sampling locations, thus suggesting the strong impact of the diverse emission sources into the composition of the size-segregated organic aerosol.  相似文献   

The simulation of aerosol transport over East Asia region   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Youn-Seo Koo  Sung-Tae Kim  Hui-Young Yun  Jin-Seok Han  Jung-Young Lee  Ki-Hyun Kim  Eui-Chan Jeon 《Atmospheric Research》2008,90(2-4):264-ICNAA07

This study was carried out to understand the contribution of PM10 from China emission to Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) during high concentration period in January, 2007. The hourly PM10 concentration in Seoul Metropolitan Area had reached up to over 150 μg/m³ on 17th and 23rd of January in 2007. The aerosol transports from China along the Northwestern wind becomes the background concentrations in Korea and the assessment of the amount of contribution from China is very important in managing the air quality improvement plan in SMA.The U.S. EPA's Models-3/CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality) was used to simulate PM10 concentration. The CMAQ performance was evaluated by comparing with the measurements in SMA for the episode period. The predictions were relatively in a good agreement with the measurements.The results show that the PM10 transport from China to Korea is significant and its contribution reaches up to 80% in the episode period. In order to assess more extensively the aerosol transport in East Asia region, the study to run the model in full year with speciated PM component measurements in super site is underway.  相似文献   

Temperature dependent secondary organic aerosol formation from terpenes and aromatics     

T. M. Svendby  M. Lazaridis  K. Tørseth 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2008,59(1):25-46

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Highlights of fifty years of atmospheric aerosol research at Mace Head   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

T.C. O'Connor  S.G. Jennings  C.D. O'Dowd   《Atmospheric Research》2008,90(2-4):338-ICNAA07

This paper summarises the development and principal results of fifty years of research on aerosols in the marine atmosphere at Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station on the west coast of Ireland. It concentrates on the sources, physico-chemical properties, number and mass concentrations, size range, volatility and chemical composition of aerosols in different air masses. It also examines optical properties of the aerosols and their long-range transport.  相似文献   

Elemental composition of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ at Mount Gongga in China during 2006   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yang Yongjie  Wang Yuesi  Wen Tianxue  Li Wei  Zhao Ya'nan  Li Liang 《Atmospheric Research》2009,93(4):801-810

In order to investigate the chemical characteristics of atmospheric aerosols in a regional background site, PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were collected at Mount Gongga Station once a week in 2006. The concentrations of fifteen elements including Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, V, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Ba, Tl, and Pb were detected by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The results showed that Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Fe were the major components of elements detected in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀, occupied 89.5% and 91.3% of all the elements. Crustal enrichment factor (EF) calculation indicated that several anthropogenic heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Tl, Pb) were transported long distances atmospherically. The concentrations of all elements (except Na) measured in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in spring and winter were higher than those in summer and autumn. The backward air mass trajectory analysis suggests that northeast India may be the source region of those pollutants.  相似文献   

太阳光度计反演气溶胶参数的方法比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

贺千山  杨引明  耿福海  周广强  刘东韡  王蔚 《气象学报》2010,68(3):428-438

气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)、一次散射反射比(ω_0)、粒子谱分布和散射相函数是表征气溶胶光学微物理特征的重要参数。利用CE318太阳光度计的直接测量数据与平纬圈测量数据基于Skyrad.pack算法可以用于反演这些气溶胶参数。结合光度计标定结果以及针对观测数据的严格去云方案和质量控制措施,利用该算法对几种不同的大气混浊度状况计算了上述气溶胶参数。计算结果与基于Dubovik算法的AERONET业务产品进行了比较,发现两种方法得到的结果大部分比较一致。虽然在大气混浊度较小的情况,Skyrad反演的ω_0和谱分布中的小粒子体积浓度与Dubovik结果相比有很大差异,同时Skyrad的计算误差较大,说明在实际AOD较小时,Skyrad算法的稳定性较低,但其反演结果依然能够在一定程度上表征气溶胶的光学特征。基本分析表明,基于Skyrad.pack算法的等天顶角观测反演结果在一定的大气混浊度和合适的太阳天顶角条件下是合理的,能够用于未纳入AERONET体系的光度计观测的气溶胶光学微物理参数研究。  相似文献   

非均相化学过程在青藏高原臭氧低谷形成中的作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘煜  李维亮  周秀骥 《气象学报》2010,68(6):836-846

分析SAGE II资料发现:青藏高原对流层顶最高不超过17.6 km,夏季平均在17 km以下:来自对流层中低层的物质很少能被输送到17.5 km以上,来自对流层中低层的输送不会长时间持续地影响17.5 km以上的区域。青藏高原以及同纬度地区在15 20 km高度温度低于210 K,非均相化学反应可能在此起着重要作用。夏季青藏高原臭氧低谷的形成高度主要是15—20km,而且是长时间持续性的。分析结果显示:15—20km非均相化学过程在夏季青藏高原臭氧低谷的形成中可能起重要作用,特别在17.5—20km高度其所起的作用可能是主要的;而在17.5 km以下,从以往的研究可以知道青藏高原的动力和热力作用对夏季青藏高原臭氧低谷的形成起着主要作用。在春季和秋季,青藏高原上15—20km的臭氧"亏损"也可能是由于非均相化学过程造成的,使得青藏高原臭氧低谷每年从4月持续到10月。并且,影响非均相化学过程的主导因素可能是温度。  相似文献   

Visibility trends in six megacities in China 1973–2007     

Di Chang  Yu Song  Bing Liu 《Atmospheric Research》2009,94(2):161-167

The particulate matter pollution has been serious in Chinese megacities due to the rapidly expanding economic and industrial developments, which has significant influences in atmospheric visibility. Visibility is a highly relevant factor indicating the level of atmospheric quality, and is inversely related to the optical extinction coefficient caused by gas and particle phases. In our study, visibility trends for six major megacities (Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Shenyang, and Xi'an) in China were evaluated during 1973–2007 on the basis of the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) database using four measurement methods: the days per year of daily visibility < 10 km, the days per year of daily visibility > 19 km, the annual mean visibility, and the dry extinction coefficient. The annual and seasonal change trends of visibility for each city were analyzed by using a linear regression model. The annual mean visibilities for the six cities (Beijing, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Shenyang, and Xi'an) were 10.67, 8.60, 10.76, 8.59, 8.16, and 9.74 km respectively. Shenyang has experienced a significant increasing trend during the entire time series while visibilities for other five sites showed decreasing trends especially since the middle of 1990s. In the southern and midwestern regions (Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Xi'an), visibility was best in summer, whereas in the northern regions (Beijing and Shenyang), visibility was best in spring. Mean visibility in spring was worst at Guangzhou, while for the other five cities visibility in winter was worst, probably because of coal burning during the heating period. The general degradation of visibility in these megacities was probably due to the excess aerosol loading. Consequently, an urgent targeted reduction of aerosol pollution may be needed for the sake of better air quality in Chinese megacities.  相似文献   

大气气溶胶的垂直非均一对向上亮度和卫星遥感地表反射率的效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Qiu Jinhuan  Nobuo Takeuchi 《大气科学进展》2001,18(4):539-553

均一模式和两层模式是两个忽略气溶胶垂直非均一、并广泛用于卫星遥感的辐射模式。通过两个模式的数值模拟，分析了气溶胶的垂直非均一对向上天空亮度和卫星遥感地面反射率的效应。数值模拟选用了２４个有代表性的气溶胶模式。对于具有强分子散射的卫星短波通道，由于分子和气溶胶散射性的明显不同，应用均一和两层模式计算的向上亮度往往存在较大误差。对长波通道，如果气溶胶的光学特性随高度变化不大，该亮度误差较小，但如果存在不同散射相函数和一次散射反照率的气溶胶层，该误差仍可能较大。对于干净的大气，由均一和两层模式计算的亮度误差可分别高达３１．４％和３１．５％，而对于混浊的大气，该误差可分别高达６７．８％和５９．２％。该亮度误差可以引起地表反射率解存在大的不确定性，特别是对于短波通道和强吸收的气溶胶。对于包含强吸收气溶胶的混浊大气，均一和两层模式不适合于大气订正应用。  相似文献   

临安本底站微量气体浓度分布特征及其对气溶胶的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

杨东贞  于晓岚 《应用气象学报》1995,6(4):400-406

该文讨论了1991年8月下旬至11月上旬在浙江临安大气污染本底站（属WMO）所监测的微量气体SO2、NO2和O3浓度分布特征，微量气体化学转化过程对气溶胶浓度的影响，同时还讨论了空气质点轨迹特征和风向对上述过程的影响。结果表明:临安站微量气体浓度在一定条件下有明显的日变化，而且这种变化影响到气溶胶浓度的分布。  相似文献