不同类型糖源对大菱鲆脂肪代谢酶活性和脂肪酸组成的影响     

苗惠君  聂琴  苗淑彦  陈尘悦  李静  张文兵  麦康森 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(4)

以初始体质量(8.77±0.16)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼为研究对象,在室内流水系统中进行9周的养殖实验,比较分析饲料中3种不同类型的糖源(葡萄糖、蔗糖和糊精)对大菱鲆脂肪代谢相关酶活性和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明,不同类型的糖源显著影响肝脏中与脂肪合成相关的葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)和苹果酸酶(ME)的活性(P0.05)。饲料糖源为葡萄糖时,大菱鲆肝脏中G6PD和ME的活性显著高于其他处理组,而蔗糖和糊精处理组之间没有显著差异。对与脂肪分解代谢相关酶的活性分析表明,肠道脂肪酶的活性受饲料中不同糖源的影响显著(P0.05);肝脏脂蛋白脂酶的活性在糖源为葡萄糖时显著低于其他处理组(P0.05);不同糖源对肝脂酶的活性无显著影响(P0.05);糊精组的总脂酶活性显著高于葡萄糖组(P0.05)。葡萄糖组大菱鲆肌肉中的C16∶0和C18∶0的含量显著高于糊精组,而C16∶1和C18∶1n-9的含量显著低于糊精组(P0.05)。研究表明,饲料中不同类型的糖源对大菱鲆肌肉脂肪酸的影响集中在饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸上,而对多不饱和脂肪酸的影响有限。  相似文献   

Modeling of Biological Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes Using Artificial Neural Networks     

Ali R. Khataee  Masoud B. Kasiri 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(8):742-749

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Modeling and Validating Long‐Term Dynamics of Diel Dissolved Oxygen with Particular Reference to pH in a Temperate Shallow Lake (Turkey)     

Nusret Karakaya  Fatih Evrendilek  Kerem Güngör 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2011,39(11):966-971

Long‐term monitoring of changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH is of great importance to quantifying aquatic ecosystem metabolism, particularly for lakes under the changing global environment. During 173 days, diel DO cycles were measured in situ along with the main driving variables of pH, wind speed (WS), and net solar radiation (Rn) in a temperate shallow lake. Best‐fit multiple non‐linear regression (MNLR) models of diel DO time series were built and validated on a monthly basis, with R² values ranging from 42.4% in September to 95.4% in November for validation. The strong relationship between diel DO and pH (r = 0.6) appeared to be related to the patterns of ecosystem productivity and respiration, and sensitivity of decomposing bacteria to changes in pH. pH‐driven lake metabolism appears to have significant implications for diel and seasonal lake metabolism in a changing global environment.  相似文献   

Characterizing lipid biomarkers in methanotrophic communities of gas hydrate-bearing sediments in the Sea of Okhotsk   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jin-Yong Yang  Kyung-Ho Chung  Young-Keun Jin  Kyung-Hoon Shin 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(10):1884-1898

We studied specific lipid biomarkers of archaea and bacteria, that are associated with the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in a cold seep environment as well as the origin of sedimentary organic matter on the continental slope off NE Sakhalin in the Sea of Okhotsk. The organic geochemical parameters demonstrated that most of the sedimentary organic matter containing hydrate layers could be derived from marine phytoplankton and bacteria, except for a station (LV39-29H) which was remarkably affected by terrestrial vascular plant. Specific methanotrophic archaea biomarkers was vertically detected in hydrate-bearing cores (LV39-40H), coinciding with the negative excursion of the δ¹³C_org at core depths of 90–100 cm below the seafloor. These results suggest that methane provided from gas hydrates are already available substrates for microbes thriving in this sediment depth. In addition, the stable isotope mass balance method revealed that approximately 2.77–3.41% of the total organic carbon (or 0.036–0.044% dry weight sediment) was generated by the activity of the AOM consortium in the corresponding depth of core LV39-40H. On the other hand, the heavier δ¹³C values of archaeol in the gas hydrate stability zone may allow ongoing methanogenesis in deeper sediment depth.  相似文献   

Morphology and formation mechanism of pyrite induced by the anaerobic oxidation of methane from the continental slope of the NE South China Sea     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

In order to understand the response of authigenic pyrite to gas hydrate geo-systems, pyrite tubes or rods at the sulfate–methane transition (SMT) zone of core GC10 from the northern continental slope of the South China Sea (SCS) were investigated. In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the pyrite tube consists of pyrite micro-crystals with trace amount of graphite in the inner tube. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of pyrite tubes indicate various aggregations in the form of framboidal, euhedral, and colloidal pyrite microcrystals. Typical framboidal pyrite is considered as packing of octahedral microcrystals. Interestingly, many framboids in the tubes consist of round or irregular microcrystals and have an outer crust that consists of secondary pyrite. The size of the framboids in the inner wall of the tube is larger than that in the middle wall or foraminifer-filled pyrite. High-resolution transmission electron microscopic (HRTEM) images show marcasite lamellae defects in the spherulitic pyrite crystals, which reveal different solution conditions during the pyrite precipitation. Nano-foil-like graphitic carbon was observed to be closely associated with the pyrite spherules. The occurrence of both marcasite layers and nano-foil-like graphitic carbon suggest that the migration of methane from deep sediment. It is suggested that the formation of pyrite serves as a catalyst during the reaction from methane to elemental carbon under the anaerobic oxidation of methane. Meanwhile, this reaction results in local acidification of the solution inside the pyrite tubes, which favors marcasite lamellae growth on the host pyrite substrate.  相似文献   

Carbon Metabolism and Bioplastic Production by Halophilic Archaea     

XIANG Hu  HAN Jing  HOU Jing  ZHAO Dahe  CAI Shuangfeng  CAI Lei 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):116-118

正1 Introduction Haloarchaea represents a distinct group of Archaea that typically inhabits hypersaline environments,such as salt lakes and sea salterns.They are easy to culture and many haloarchaea are genetically tractable,hence they are excellent model systems for research of archaeal genetics,  相似文献   

投喂频率对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei) PI3K信号通路及糖代谢相关酶基因表达的影响     

赵楠楠  崔彦婷  王忠凯  王聪  张志豪  邓之通  赵瑞阳  孙金凤  王仁杰  李玉全 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(5):1189-1196

适宜的投喂频率能提高对虾的代谢和免疫能力,加快生长,实现提质增效的目标。为探讨不同投喂频率对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)糖代谢及相关信号通路的影响,以(7.6±1.0) g的凡纳滨对虾为实验材料,设置2、3、4、6次/d,共4个投喂频率处理组,每组设3个平行,实验持续14 d,实验结束时取样,测定PI3K信号通路相关因子PI3K、Akt、HIF-1α、mTOR,代谢酶基因中HK、PFK、GAPDH、PK、FBP、PEPCK,葡萄糖转运蛋白GLUT1、GLUT2 mRNA表达水平的变化。结果发现:随着投喂频率的增加, PI3K信号通路关键基因表达的水平显著上升(P<0.05),其中6次/d投喂组PI3K、Akt、HIF-1α和mTOR表达水平显著高于2次/d投喂组(P<0.05), 4次/d投喂组mTOR表达水平显著高于2次/d投喂组(P<0.05);代谢关键酶基因HK、PFK、GAPDH、PK、FBP、PEPCK的表达水平随投喂频率的增加而增加,其中6次/d投喂组糖酵解HK、PFK、GAPDH、PK酶基因表达水平显著高于2次/d投喂组(P<0.05), 3、4和6次/d投喂组糖异生酶FBP表达水平显著高于2次/d投喂组(P<0.05),葡萄糖转运蛋白GLUT2在2、3、6次/d投喂频率处理组显著高于4次/d频率投喂组(P<0.05)。得出结论认为较高的投喂频率可以通过激活凡纳滨对虾糖代谢酶基因、糖转运蛋白及PI3K信号通路的表达来提高糖代谢水平。  相似文献   

海洋线虫Litoditis marina早期发育的转录组分析     

王彤彤  张留所 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(6):1558-1572

全球气候和环境变化影响海洋动物的生长发育和繁殖等生命过程,探究环境因子调控发育的分子机制,需要深入了解海洋动物早期发育的生理和分子特征。以实验室驯化的潜在模式动物海洋线虫Litoditis marina为研究对象,对其胚胎期和孵化后发育早期2h、4h和6h的L1幼虫样品进行了转录组测序和分析。结果表明,2h、4h和6h的L1幼虫间差异较小,而三个L1幼虫样品与胚胎期相比,基因表达发生了显著变化。通过KEGG富集分析,发现与胚胎期相比,三个L1幼虫样品的多个通路如核糖体、核糖体生物发生、糖酵解/糖原异生、TCA循环和氧化磷酸化通路相关基因发生了显著上调。另外还发现多个神经递质和神经肽受体基因如dop-和npr-等在L1期转录水平显著上调。与胚胎期相比,L1幼虫的多个DNA复制和修复相关、Notch、Hippo和Hedgehog信号和剪切体等通路相关基因发生了显著下调。发现的L. marina早期发育转录组变化模式与已经发表的陆生模式生物秀丽线虫Caenorhabditis elegans从胚胎期到L1幼虫的转录组变化特征非常相似,但同一上调或下调通路中具体发生表达变化的基因有些不同。另外,L1幼虫显著上调的核糖体生物发生通路相关基因在秀丽线虫中发生了显著下调。进一步通过基因编辑等技术和方法深入研究发育调控关键基因的功能将为海陆近缘线虫间的发育进化机制、海洋线虫对潮间带环境适应以及全球气候变化应答的分子机制研究提供新认知。  相似文献   

海水升温对非虫黄藻共生型珊瑚Cladopsammia sp.的生理影响*     

张喆  俞晓磊  梁宇娴  何茜  黄晖  袁翔城  周伟华 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(5):141-149

文章以非虫黄藻共生型珊瑚Cladopsammia sp.为研究对象, 将对照组的海水设置为26℃恒温, 试验组从26℃升温至33℃, 以此探究海水升温对Cladopsammia sp.代谢和钙化生理的影响。结果显示: 在高温胁迫下, 虽然Cladopsammia sp.钙化相关酶(Ca²⁺-ATP酶和Mg²⁺-ATP酶)的活性出现了负响应, 但是珊瑚的呼吸速率、生长速率、组织中总蛋白和粗脂肪都没有显著改变(p>0.05)。比较历史文献结果和本研究结果表明: Cladopsammia sp.可能由于体内没有虫黄藻共生, 表现出了比大部分虫黄藻共生珊瑚更高的温度耐受能力。  相似文献   

深海生物原位实验与生态监测研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

王勇  郑鹏飞  贺丽生  李俊  陈俊  高兆明  李文莉  张艾群 《应用海洋学学报》2022,41(3):543-553

深海在黑暗、高静水压、低温（黑烟囱等热液系统除外）和寡营养的极端环境下形成了特殊的生境。对深海生物/微生物的研究,不仅可以揭示各种深海生物的生理代谢特性和动态变化规律,而且有助于深海生物资源的开发利用,特别是深海微生物碳循环机制的相关研究可为全球实现碳中和目标提供新的路线图。研究深海生物的首要条件是获得大量保持原位特性的样本,然而传统深海采样手段的局限可能导致深海相关研究结果无法反映深海环境下真实的生命过程,亟需发展满足深海生物原位研究的采样方法和生态监测技术。本文对深海生物研究现状,相关科学问题和原位组学研究进展,以及原位生态监测装备研发和应用进行综述,并对深海原位生物实验室进行了展望。  相似文献