Management of the marine environment: integrating ecosystem services and societal benefits with the DPSIR framework in a systems approach   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Atkins JP  Burdon D  Elliott M  Gregory AJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(2):215-217

Ever increasing and diverse use of the marine environment is leading to human-induced changes in marine life, habitats and landscapes, making necessary the development of marine policy that considers all members of the user community and addresses current, multiple, interacting uses. Taking a systems approach incorporating an understanding of The Ecosystem Approach, we integrate the DPSIR framework with ecosystem services and societal benefits, and the focus this gives allows us to create a specific framework for supporting decision making in the marine environment. Based on a linking of these three concepts, we present a set of basic postulates for the management of the marine environment and emphasise that these postulates should hold for marine management to be achieved. We illustrate these concepts using two case studies: the management of marine aggregates extraction in UK waters and the management of marine biodiversity at Flamborough Head, UK.  相似文献   

Comparative Analysis and Assessment of Forest Landowner Typologies     

Ashley A. Dayer  Shorna Broussard Allred  Richard C. Stedman 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(11):1200-1212

Landowner typologies help researchers and practitioners understand similarities and differences among landowners, allowing more targeted education and communications. These typologies have rarely been rigorously assessed before recommended for use. We assessed three typologies created with one data set using three methods: reliability through split halves, predictive validity using external variables, and application of quality typology criteria. We conducted the work using a New York State landowner survey data set about early successional habitat management behavior. According to the assessment, none of the three typologies stood out as clearly the best—each had its strengths and weaknesses. The assessment provided a more complete understanding of different approaches and will allow researchers to be more informed when they select a typology to use to inform education and communications.  相似文献   

Examining Forest Net Primary Productivity Dynamics and Driving Forces in Northeastern China During 1982–2010   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

MAO Dehua  WANG Zongming  WU Changshan  SONG Kaishan  REN Chunying 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,(6):631-646

Forest net primary productivity （NPP） is a key parameter for forest monitoring and management. In this study, monthly and annual forest NPP in the northeastern China from 1982 to 2010 were simulated by using Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach （CASA） model with normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） sequences derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer （AVHRR） Global Invento y Modeling and Mapping Studies （GIMMS） and Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） products. To address the problem of data inconsistency between AVHRR and MODIS data, a per-pixel unary linear regres- sion model based on least ~;quares method was developed to derive the monthly NDVI sequences. Results suggest that estimated forest NPP has mean relative error of 18.97% compared to observed NPP from forest inventory. Forest NPP in the northeastern China in- creased significantly during the twenty-nine years. The results of seasonal dynamic show that more clear increasing trend of forest NPP occurred in spring and awmnn. This study also examined the relationship between forest NPP and its driving forces including the climatic and anthropogenic factors. In spring and winter, temperature played the most pivotal role in forest NPR In autumn, precipitation acted as the most importanl factor affecting forest NPP, while solar radiation played the most important role in the summer. Evaportran- spiration had a close correlation with NPP for coniferous forest, mixed coniferous broadleaved forest, and broadleaved deciduous forest. Spatially, forest NPP in the Da Hinggan Mountains was more sensitive to climatic changes than in the other ecological functional re- gions. In addition to climalie change, the degradation and improvement of forests had important effects on forest NPP. Results in this study are helpful for understanding the regional carbon sequestration and can enrich the cases for the monitoring of vegetation during long time series.  相似文献   

滨海湿地生态补偿机制建设初探   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王艳霞  张素娟  张义文 《湿地科学与管理》2011,7(4):56-58

初步探讨了我国滨海湿地生态补偿机制框架,确定了生态补偿的范围为生态地位重要、生态环境脆弱的滨海湿地,补偿主体为政府和湿地开发利用者,补偿客体为滨海湿地管理者和保护者;提出了补偿标准测算应注意的问题和可供选择的方法;从资金补偿和项目补偿两个方面探索了补偿方式和途径;并提出了完善滨海湿地监测和管理系统、明晰滨海湿地产权、推进生态补偿市场化运作、完善生态产业等生态补偿实施对策措施。  相似文献   

自然资源和生态系统管理的生态系统方法：概念、原则与应用   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

周杨明  于秀波  于贵瑞 《地球科学进展》2007,22(2):171-178

“生态系统方法（ Ecosystem Approach ，EA）”不是一种具体的生态系统管理方法，而是一种综合各种方法来解决复杂的社会、经济和生态问题的生态系统管理策略。它提供了一个将多学科的理论与方法应用到具体管理实践的科学和政策框架。回顾了生态系统方法的产生及其概念的发展和演变，揭示了生态系统方法与生态系统管理之间的联系，介绍了生态系统方法在自然资源管理和流域综合管理方面的应用，可为我国的自然资源管理和生态系统管理提供参考。  相似文献   

地震波走时的有限差分法计算   总被引：4，自引：5，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

朱金明  王丽燕 《地球物理学报》1992,35(1):86-92

类似于Claerbout思想,将波动方程在射线理论中的对偶--镜像方程写为上、下行波方程的形式.对变换得到的守恒型偏微分方程,用E-O格式,可计算出任意速度构造的二维网格上各点的地震波走时.文中证明了守恒型偏微分方程的通量为一凸函数,采用单调的守恒型差分格式,精度符合要求.计算速度比目前所用的各种计算走时的方法都快得多,算法也便于向量化.  相似文献   

西藏地质资料信息化建设探讨     

赵建秀 《国土资源信息化》2008,(6):12-14

本文分析了我区地质资料信息化建设的现状及存在的问题,提出了地质资料信息化建设的对策。  相似文献   

基于P-SV波分离的VTI介质射线追踪方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Guo Kai  Wang Pengyan  Lou Tingting 《地球科学进展》2015,30(9):1028-1033

近年来,VTI介质参数建模和成像技术发展迅速,其中VTI介质射线追踪是基础,其精度和稳定性直接影响建模和成像的效果。VTI介质射线追踪大多通过前人提出的频散关系推导出程函方程和射线方程,该方法主要基于纵横波相互独立的假设,采用令横波速度等于零的手段,在某些特殊情况下精度较低、稳定性较差。针对其缺点提出一种新的射线追踪方法,该方法基于P-SV波分离得到的q P波频散关系,从而推导出程函方程和射线方程,提高了精度和稳定性。最后通过模型试算验证该方法的正确性和稳定性。  相似文献   

贴体网格各向异性对坐标变换法求解起伏地表下地震初至波走时的影响   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

兰海强  张智  徐涛  白志明 《地球物理学报》2012,55(10):3355-3369

笛卡尔坐标系中的经典程函方程在静校正、叠前偏移、走时反演、地震定位、层析成像等很多地球物理工作中都有应用,然而用其计算起伏地表的地震波走时却比较困难.本文通过把曲线坐标系中的矩形网格映射到笛卡尔坐标系的贴体网格,推导出曲线坐标中的程函方程,而后,用Lax-Friedrichs快速扫描算法求解曲线坐标系的程函方程.研究表明本文方法能有效处理地表起伏的情况,得到准确稳定的计算结果.由于地表起伏,导致与之拟合的贴体网格在空间上的展布呈各向异性,且这种各向异性的强弱对坐标变换法求解地震初至波的走时具有重要影响.本文研究表明,随着贴体网格的各向异性增强,用坐标变换法求解地表起伏区域的走时计算误差增大,且计算效率降低,这在实际应用具有指导意义.  相似文献   

综合电磁法在矿区深部成矿机制中的应用研究——以皖南乌溪多金属矿区为例   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

林方丽  王光杰  杨晓勇 《地球物理学报》2016,59(11):4323-4337

乌溪矿区介于长江中下游多金属成矿带与华南成矿带之间,是江南造山带上的一个找矿新区.本文在这一找矿新区开展了有效的电磁方法综合勘探,试图对该区深部成矿机制进行研究.我们收集了该区的地质地球化学资料,从地质地球化学资料中分析了区域成矿背景;我们还采集了区域出露的主要岩石类型,在实验室开展物性测定,在此基础上选择了三种电磁方法开展研究区的野外测量.通过地面高精度磁测、激发极化法和可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)三种地球物理方法,开展了研究区的磁化率、极化率和电阻率的分布特征研究.深入分析了地质、地球化学和地球物理三种资料与成矿的关系,相互约束,探讨成矿模型、成矿机制和成矿的可能性,推测可能的矿体赋存位置和深度范围.在地球物理研究结果基础上,结合地质和地球化学背景资料,构建了研究区的成矿动力学模型,推测了研究区成矿机制,揭示了矿区的成矿潜力.综合所得结果布设了钻孔,钻探结果揭示了研究区深部存在强烈矿化蚀变和强蚀变斑岩,初步确认为斑岩型矿床,与CSAMT剖面的解释结果基本一致,也与推测的测区内深部成矿机制相吻合.钻孔结果和地球物理结果的一致性以及对已构建的成矿动力学模型的支持,充分证明了综合电磁方法在斑岩型多金属矿床的发现和预测中的重要作用,同时斑岩型矿床的确认进一步印证了华南成矿带与俯冲作用形成的成矿带的相似性,从而推动整个华南地区的成矿地质研究.  相似文献