From RACs to Advisory Councils: Lessons from North Sea discourse for the 2014 reform of the European Common Fisheries Policy     

《Marine Policy》2014

From RACs to Advisory Councils analyses the discourse of stakeholders engaged in Europe׳s Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) in a tier of governance known as RACs (Regional Advisory Councils) from 2004 to 2008. The analysis demonstrates a shift towards discursive sharing by participating stakeholders. This fostered inclusion but did not effect a redistribution of the power held by Europe׳s inter-governmental institutions. This more substantive change would require more, and more consistent, discursive consensus from stakeholders. With a reformed CFP for 2014, this paper considers the possibility of a future in which regional stakeholder-based fisheries governance becomes a reality.  相似文献   

Minimising unsustainable yield: Ten failing European fisheries     

《Marine Policy》2014

Ten European fish stocks recognised by the European Union as “outside safe biological limits” are considered in light of widespread reforms to fisheries legislation in 2013, particularly the legal responsibility to exploit these resources sustainably. Given that some of these stocks are – as of 2013 – fished at over 150% the recommended intensity and many have been outside of these limits for the entirety of their assessment history, the utilisation of traditional fisheries management measures of sustainability are questioned and tougher approaches such as “zero-catch” and long-term, expansive spatial closure scenarios are considered. Finally, the pervasive issue of data-deficiency (the status of 54% of European stocks) is briefly considered, with specific reference to the understudied West of Scotland and North Sea stock of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax).  相似文献   

Fishing for justice: Human rights,development, and fisheries sector reform     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

A review of case law and other documentation of human rights issues in fishing communities highlights forced evictions, detention without trial, child labour, forced labour and unsafe working conditions, and violence and personal security, including gender-based violence, as key areas of concern. We argue that human rights violations undermine current attempts to reform the fisheries sector in developing countries by increasing the vulnerability and marginalization of certain groups. Citing cases from India, the Philippines, Cambodia, and South Africa, we show how human rights advocacy can be an effective element of support for development in fisheries. Finally, we outline how fisheries reform can better address human rights issues as an essential complement to the equitable allocation of fishing rights, contributing to improved resource management and human wellbeing.  相似文献   

The challenges of local governance: Gear-based fragmentation in the Dominican fishery of Buen Hombre     

《Marine Policy》2016

The Dominican fishing community of Buen Hombre is struggling to reconcile its fishing activities with the state of the coral reef ecosystem on which it depends. The ecosystem is showing signs of deterioration, and this seems to be resulting in large part because of the fishing activities of the Buen Hombre fishermen. The institutional arrangements of the fishermen themselves, and of relevant external organizations, have not kept pace with important technological and demographic changes that have affected the community. This paper presents the results of an analysis that unpacks these processes via a statistical analysis of fishermen behavior and a social network analysis of the “cofishing” network that these fishermen constitute. The statistical analysis shows that gear choice is very important in explaining the amount of fish caught, both as a direct factor and as a mediator of other factors such as membership in the local fishermen's association. The social network analysis complements this result by demonstrating that gear choice also serves to segment the fishermen into separate groups, with few direct linkages between them. The resulting gear-based fragmentation of the community is seen to have negative implications for the ability of the fishermen to act collectively to conserve their fishery. The paper concludes with some thoughts and suggestions for how the community might move forward, including expanding the membership of the fishermen's association and strengthening ties between fishing groups as well as ties between the community and relevant governmental agencies.  相似文献   

Uncovering governance mechanisms surrounding harbour porpoise conservation in the Danish Skagerrak Sea     

《Marine Policy》2016

The harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) is the focus of a range of conservation efforts and policies, including the Habitats Directive, aimed at reducing the bycatch of non-target species in gillnet fisheries. This paper describes the governance process and analyses the governance mechanisms and conflicts surrounding ongoing fisheries management planning with a focus on two Natura 2000 sites in the Danish part of the Skagerrak Sea designated to protect harbour porpoises. Responsibility for developing fisheries management for Natura 2000 sites is solely the remit of the fisheries agency, including mechanisms related to stakeholder involvement. This approach fuels the efficiency of the decision making process, while full transparency and/or co-decision becomes less of a given within a ministry for an economic sector compared with the environment ministry. In relation to porpoises, conflicts are driven mainly by the economy and the varying perceptions of the bycatch issue, with great differences between government, NGO's and fishers. Interviews with fishers and fishing effort data reveal intra-sectoral conflicts pertaining to the incompatibility of active trawling and passive gillnetting in the areas. The paper questions the overall approach to managing the harbour porpoise bycatch issue in light of Natura 2000 and discusses the role of science and its high level of influence in this planning process.  相似文献   

Fisheries annual fixed cost data collection and estimation methodology: An application in the Northeast,U.S.     

《Marine Policy》2016

Information on the cost of fishing is integral in measuring fisheries performance and correctly evaluating the economic impacts of fisheries regulations and management rules. However, limited availability of cost data often renders such analyses either incomplete or implausible. This study discusses a survey effort that was undertaken in the Northeast US to collect fisheries annual fixed cost data directly from commercial fishermen. Stratified random samples of fishing vessel owners were surveyed in 2012 and 2013. An overview of the survey procedures, sample selection and administration is given here. The data cleaning process, non-response bias and data summaries are also presented. A modeling framework is discussed for estimating fisheries cost data. Robust cost models in combination with regular data collection efforts will allow for more complete economic and financial analyses relevant to fisheries management and conservation.  相似文献   

智慧城市课程思政:核心元素和实施策略     

张新长  李少英  阮永俭 《测绘通报》2022,(9):158-161

在城市管理从数字化向智慧化高级阶段转变的新时代背景下,结合“金课”的时代性、前沿性、高阶性、创新性和挑战性的人才培养要求,课程团队对数字城市通识课程进行了拓展,加入了在数字城市基础上实现智慧城市的相关技术理论和大量应用案例,并将其重构提升为智慧城市课程。在重构建设过程及教学实践中,将爱国主义情怀、个人三观树立、社会道德素养、专业伦理意识、职业道德素养等思政元素融入专业理论与应用案例的讲解,潜移默化地培养学生的国家认同感、民族自豪感及爱岗敬业精神。此外,课程还突破性地融入了“互联网+”创新创业大赛的模式,培养学生敏锐的思维、敢于创新及其团队协作能力,激发学生投身于智慧城市相关的科学研究与创新创业工作,进而为国家智慧城市建设奉献力量。  相似文献   

Early life history of the congrid eels gnathophis habenatus and G. incognitos in New Zealand waters     

P. H. J. Castle  D. A. Robertson 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):95-110

Larvae (leptocephali) of Gnathophis habenatus (Richardson, 1848) and G. incognitas Castle, 1963 occur off Castlepoint throughout most of the year (not sampled December‐February), In general they are smallest in late summer (March) and ilargest in mid‐spring (October‐November), with metamorphosis to the juvenile in early summer of the year of spawning. The two species therefore have a larval life of approximately 10 months. The early life of these two species in Australian waters, and of G. capensis (Kaup) off southern Africa, agrees well with these observations. Eel eggs collected in the East Cape region of New Zealand and tentatively identified as those of Gnathophis confirm the spawning times (March—April) suggested by the sizes of leptocephali.  相似文献   

论渔业法之违反捕捞许可规定到共同管理渔区作业行为的法律责任          下载免费PDF全文

洪洁  裴兆斌 《海洋开发与管理》2022,39(1):38-42

近年来我国渔业作业群体的数量明显增多,同时违反捕捞许可到共同管理渔区作业的违法行为也日益严重。在《中华人民共和国渔业法》及相关渔业立法中已经存在明确界定,但是对于法律责任没有具体阐明,严重影响了渔业活动的正常秩序与渔业资源的可持续发展。文章根据违反捕捞许可到共同管理渔区作业的现状出发,结合渔业法等相关规定,分析增设法律责任的必要性与可行性,提出完善相关法律责任,细化责任认定;加大惩治力度,提高违法成本等建议。  相似文献