Application of a Bayesian model to infer the contribution of coalbed natural gas produced water to the Powder River,Wyoming and Montana          下载免费PDF全文

Jason M. Mailloux  Kiona Ogle  Carol D. Frost 《水文研究》2014,28(4):2361-2381

The Powder River Basin (PRB) of Wyoming and Montana contains significant coal and coal bed natural gas (CBNG) resources. CBNG extraction requires the production of large volumes of water, much of which is discharged into existing drainages. Compared to surface waters, the CBNG produced water is high in sodium relative to calcium and magnesium, elevating the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). To mitigate the possible impact this produced water may have on the quality of surface water used for irrigation, the State of Montana passed water anti‐degradation legislation, which could affect CBNG production in Wyoming. In this study, we sought to determine the proportion of CBNG produced water discharged to tributaries that reaches the Powder River by implementing a four end‐member mixing model within a Bayesian statistical framework. The model accounts for the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, δ¹³C_DIC, [Sr] and [DIC] of CBNG produced water and surface water interacting with the three primary lithologies exposed in the PRB. The model estimates the relative contribution of the end members to the river water, while incorporating uncertainty associated with measurement and process error. Model results confirm that both of the tributaries associated with high CBNG activity are mostly composed of CBNG produced water (70–100%). The model indicates that up to 50% of the Powder River is composed of CBNG produced water downstream from the CBNG tributaries, decreasing with distance by dilution from non‐CBNG impacted tributaries from the point sources to ~10–20% at the Montana border. This amount of CBNG produced water does not significantly affect the SAR or electrical conductivity of the Powder River in Montana. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Integration of remote sensing data into hydrological models for reservoir management     

C. LOUMAGNE  M. NORMAND  M. RIFFARD  A. WEISSE  A. QUESNEY  S. LE HÉGARAT-MASCLE 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):89-102

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to present the methodology set up to derive catchment soil moisture from Earth Observation (EO) data using microwave spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images from ERS satellites and to study the improvements brought about by an assimilation of this information into hydrological models. The methodology used to derive EO data is based on the appropriate selection of land cover types for which the radar signal is mainly sensitive to soil moisture variations. Then a hydrological model is chosen, which can take advantage of the new information brought by remote sensing. The assimilation of soil moisture deduced from EO data into hydrological models is based principally on model parameter updating. The main assumption of this method is that the better the model simulates the current hydrological system, the better the following forecast will be. Another methodology used is a sequential one based on Kalman filtering. These methods have been put forward for use in the European AIMWATER project on the Seine catchment upstream of Paris (France) where dams are operated to alleviate floods in the Paris area.  相似文献   

Why is Shirase Glacier turning its flow direction eastward?     

Kazuki Nakamura  Koichiro Doi  Kazuo Shibuya 《Polar Science》2007,1(2-4):63-71

We applied an image correlation method to Japanese Earth Resources Satellite-1 (JERS-1) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data obtained from 1996 to 1998 to examine flow velocity within Shirase Glacier, Antarctica. From the grounding line to the downstream region of the glacier, the obtained ice-flow velocity was systematically higher on the western streamline than the eastern. The differences between the two streamlines were 0.31 km/a in 1996 and 0.37 km/a in 1998, significantly larger than the error estimate of 0.03 km/a. The direction of ice flow was about 312° at the grounding line and changed to 327° at 10 km, 346° at 20 km and 2° at 30 km downstream from the grounding line. The total accumulated deflection is 50° to the east. Under the assumption of the conservation of ice mass across the glacier, the observed eastward change in flow direction can be explained by an asymmetric deepening of bedrock topography, that is, across the 8 km width of the glacier, the eastern side is 50 m (10%) deeper than the western side. This eastward turning of flow direction appears to be accelerated by tributary inlets, that flow to the north and northeast at 60–75% of the velocity of inlets on the western streamline.  相似文献   

基于线弹性位错模型反演1997年西藏玛尼M_w7.5级地震的干涉雷达同震形变场——Ⅱ滑动分布反演          下载免费PDF全文

孙建宝;  石耀霖;  沈正康;  徐锡伟;  梁芳; 《地球物理学报》2007,50(5)

1997年11月8日西藏M_w7.5级玛尼地震是干涉雷达技术应用于地震观测以来的一次重要事件.在第一部分中，我们应用广泛使用的Okada线弹性位错模型，假设断层的各个分段滑动量均匀，反演得到断层各个分段的几何参数和均匀滑动量.本部分的反演进一步去除滑动均匀假设，并利用更能反映断层真实状态的角形元位错模型（线弹性），在第一部分反演得到断层几何的基础上，反演断层面的静态位错分布.反演结果表明，线弹性滑动分布模型能够更好地解释观测数据，进一步提高反演的数据拟合程度.最终得到了断层面上的走滑和倾滑位错分布.首次得到的断层面滑动分布显示断层面滑动在浅部（0～12 km）比较集中，地震破裂长度约170 km，最大左旋走滑位移达4.8 m；反演结果还表明局部段落存在较大倾滑位移，量值达到1.9 m，这在断层模型中是不能忽略的，它可能是断层两侧形变不对称的原因之一；反演得到的标量地震矩为2.18×10²⁰ N·m，相当于矩震级M_w7.5，与Velasco等利用地震波形反演得到的结果一致.  相似文献   

星载极化SAR数据模拟   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

林捷  洪峻 《遥感学报》2002,6(1):7-11

介绍了自行开发的星载极化SAR数据计算机模拟系统，此系统采用的模拟方法遵循了星载极化SAR系统实际运行的情况，按发射脉冲时间序列，分别依次计算各发射脉冲相应的回波数据，与常用的以点目标为基础逐点模拟方法相比，计算效率高，现贴近实际系统，便于模拟各种误差的影响和保持其对所有目标回波影响的一致性和相关性。给出了星载极化SAR数据模拟的实例。  相似文献   

SAR图像斑点噪声抑制的本质   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

韩春明  郭华东  王长林 《遥感学报》2002,6(6):470-474

合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像的斑点噪声阻碍SAR的应用。在过去20多年中，提出了许多SAR图像去除斑点噪声方法，虽然每种去除斑点噪声方法都能有效去除斑点噪声，但都不同程度地损失了图像的边缘信息，本文首先以数学物理的观点描述了SAR图像斑点噪声抑制问题。其次分析了斑点噪声的统计特性和几种典型的去除斑点噪声方法并进行了简单的比较，在最后研究了SAR图像斑点噪声抑制的本质，这对开发既能有效去除斑点噪声，又能有效保持边缘信息的去除噪声方法十分重要。  相似文献   

极化SAR干涉测量模拟研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈小英  洪峻 《遥感学报》2002,6(6):475-480

极化SAR干涉测量将极化测量技术和干涉测量技术巧妙地结合，能够提高干涉测量精度，尤其是在植被覆盖的情况下，不仅能够测量地表地形，而且使得估计植被高度成为可能。因此，近几年来国际上对极化SAR干涉测量技术的研究越来越重视，极化SAR干涉测量已成为SAR应用技术发展的重要方向。通过模拟技术深入研究极化SAR干涉测量理论和方法，并提出了一种新的极化SAR干涉测量改进算法，模拟实验结果表明，该算法可以进一步提高测量精度。  相似文献   

星载SAR复数图像的配准   总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16  

刘国祥  丁晓利  李志林  陈永奇  章国宝 《测绘学报》2001,30(1):60-66

星载干涉雷达测量已经被证实用于生成大范围（乃至全球）的DEM或监测地表位移具有广阔的应用前景，其中SAR复数图像序列的精确配准是保证生成有效干涉相位图的重要环节之一。本文分析了卫星InSAR系统中所涉及的几种坐标系统变换问题，并提出了基于此的几何配准方案，即基于卫星轨道状态矢量、SAR成像几何进行配准的算法；同时，还设计了基于几何配准结果和能量影像相关技术的配准算法，最后使用ERS－1／2、JERS－1和RADARSAT卫星获取的3种SAR复数图像对分别做几何配准和相关配准试验和比较，并对卫星SAR图像质量和轨道数据质量作了定性分析。  相似文献   

雷达卫星SAR与防卫气象卫星SSM/I对渤海海冰的观测研究   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11  

金亚秋  CHEN YI  陈轶  张巍  张南雄  黄润恒  吴奎桥 《地球物理学报》2001,44(2):163-170

用雷达卫星(RADARSAT)合成孔径雷达(SAR)和防卫气象卫星(DMSP)特别微波成像辐射计(SSM/I)在1999年1月23日同一天对中国渤海区域海冰的观测数据，进行了主动SAR与被动SSM/I的组合研究.用一层海冰电磁散射辐射的建模与数值模拟，分析了中纬度渤海沿岸海冰的特征性变化，提出用SSM/I辐射亮度温度的散射指数、极化指数、极化比率来识别渤海海冰；用RADARSAT高分辨率SAR数据(水平极化后向散射系数)对渤海海冰物理特征进行识别与分类.这些特征指数在时间与空间尺度上的相关变化可有效地应用于渤海海冰的监察.  相似文献   

SNB—SAR数据在大范围水稻种植面积调查中的应用：以广东省早稻调查为例   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

廖圣东  廖其芳  李岩  何敬廉 《热带地理》2001,21(4):346-349,359

研究了在GSI支持下，Radarsat SNB-SAR数据用于广东省大范围水稻种植面积调查的方法与应用。首先，对SAR数据预处理，包括辐射校正、Frost滤波和几何精校正等；然后对预处理影像的后向散射值进行信息定量判断，结合GIS的辅助分析，剔除不可能是水稻信息的像元；最后对剔除非水稻信息后的影像进行最大似然法的有监分类，获取各区域水稻分布的影像并统计面积。结果表明，该方法对于大范围的水稻种植面积调查具有实用、快速的特点，其精度在平原地区具有较高的可靠性，山区因为地形的复杂性等原因尚需进一步研究以提高精度。  相似文献