2013年我国近海赤潮引发种种类和分布研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄海燕  康林冲  杨翼  杨璐  刘书明  王秋璐  李潇 《海洋科学》2016,40(11):17-27

对2013年全国海洋环境监测1626个站位生物数据进行分析, 以近2001年～2013年在我国近海海域明确发生赤潮的生物作为赤潮引发种, 开展其种类组成和数量分布研究。结果显示: (1)我国近海赤潮引发种隶属于8门60种, 其中产毒种12种, 甲藻27种, 硅藻20种。(2)2013年共监测到上述赤潮引发种50种, 各监测站位种类数在0～25种之间, 平均密度在84～1.16×10¹¹个/m³之间, 赤潮引发种种类数、密度分布大致都呈现近岸至远海递减的趋势, 但在长江口及其邻近海域, 呈现先增大后减小趋势。(3)2013年各海区赤潮引发种种类数在36～42之间, 平均密度渤海>东海>南海>黄海, 多样性指数渤海>黄海>南海>东海, 都以中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)为优势种。(4)作为高频赤潮引发种,2013年中肋骨条藻(S. costatum)主要分布在我国近岸及近海海域; 夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)在我国近岸、近远海海域都有分布; 东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)主要分布在黄海和东海的近岸和近海海域; 米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)分布较为广泛, 但出现的站位较少; 红色中缢虫(Mesodinium rubrum)、赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)、红色赤潮藻(Akashiwo sanguinea)只在很少区域有分布。该研究结果有助于摸清我国近海海域赤潮生物种类和分布状况, 可为赤潮的预警及其防灾减灾提供基础科学依据。  相似文献   

The Determination of Relationship between Zooplankton and Abiotic Factors Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) in the Ova Stream (Ankara/Turkey)     

Nuray Akbulut 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2004,32(6):434-441

In this study totally 25 rotifer species, 3 cladocerus species, and 2 copepoda species were identified in Ova Stream. Among zooplankton rotifer species were dominant. Population densities of planktonic organisms were calculated as individual per cubic meter and the relationship of the planktonic organisms with physicochemical parameters was determined applying canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Also diversity index has been calculated according to the sampling stations. According to the results, the diversity index changes between stations and sampling time. The CCA results show that the rotifer species Keratella, Notholca showed negative correlation with the increasing chemical parameters and temperature but Brachionus, Mytilina, Colurella, and Testudinella have positive correlation with increasing temperature.  相似文献   

Responses of diatoms to iron-enrichment (SEEDS) in the western subarctic Pacific, temporal and spatial comparisons     

Atsushi Tsuda  Hiroshi Kiyosawa  Akira Kuwata  Mamiko Mochizuki  Naonobu Shiga  Hiroaki Saito  Sanae Chiba  Keiri Imai  Jun Nishioka  Tsuneo Ono 《Progress in Oceanography》2005,64(2-4):189

Phytoplankton species composition was analyzed inside and outside of the iron-enriched patch during the SEEDS experiment. Before the iron-enrichment, the phytoplankton community consisted of similar proportions of pico-, nano- and micro-sized phytoplankton, and the micro-phytoplankton was dominated by the pennate diatom Pseudo-nitzschia turgidula. Although all the diatoms, except the nano-sized Fragilariopsis sp., increased during the two weeks of the observation period, the flora in the patch dramatically changed with the increase of phytoplankton biomass to a centric diatom-dominated community. Neritic diatoms, especially Chaetoceros debilis, showed higher growth rates than other diatoms, without any delay in the initiation of growth after the enrichment, and accounted for 90% of the micro-phytoplankton after day 9. In contrast, the oceanic diatoms showed distinct delays in the initiation of growth. We conclude that the responses of the diatoms to the manipulation of iron concentration were different by species, and the fast and intensive response of the phytoplankton to iron-enrichment resulted from the presence of a small amount of neritic diatoms at the study site. The important factors that determine the dominant species in the bloom are the potential growth rates under an iron-replete condition and the growth lag. Abundant species in the patch are widely distributed in the North Pacific and their relative contributions in the Oyashio area and at Stn KNOT are high from spring to summer. However, a characteristic difference of species composition between the SEEDS bloom and natural blooms was the lack of Thalassiosira and Coscinodiscus species in the patch, which usually account for a major part of the phytoplankton community under blooming conditions in the western North Pacific.  相似文献   

中国北方习见水母类的DNA 条形码分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

程方平  王敏晓  王彦涛  张芳  李超伦  孙松 《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(3):451-459

本研究获得了中国北方近海习见水母类24个种共62条线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I(mtCOI)序列,结合GenBank中具DNA条形码关键词的mtCOI序列,共比较了水母类mtCOI片段207条,水母mtCOI种内遗传差异在0%-7.4%之间,均值为0.9%(SD=0.014),其中约93%的个体种内差异小于4%;近源种间遗传差异在5.4%(Sarsia)到44.9%(Lensia)之间,均值为25.1%(SD=0.118),97%以上的个体种间遗传差异大于10%。绝大多数(98.8%)水母种类种内遗传差异小于种间遗传差异,条形码间隙明显。本研究涉及的中国北方习见水母种内遗传差异均显著小于种间遗传差异,结果表明以mtCOI作为DNA条形码可以实现对中国北方习见水母种类鉴定。利用DNA条形码序列分析,梳理了中国近海一些常见水母的分类地位。此外,对4种保存液保存方法的比较研究表明,90%乙醇、DMSO、RNA Safer和DNA Conserver4种保存液无法同时保存形态学特征和DNA序列,但DNA Conserver的效果相对较好。  相似文献   

Dynamic Changes of Stipa bungeana Steppe Species Diversity as Better Indicators for Soil Quality and Sustainable Utilization Mode in Yunwu Mountain Nature Reserve,Ningxia, China     

Jie Cheng  Jimin Cheng  Tianming Hu  Hongbo Shao  Jianming Zhang 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(2):127-133

Due to serious degradation of typical Stipa bungeana steppe community on the Loess Plateau, a 26‐year (1982–2007) experiment has been carried out by methods of forbidden grazing, cutting, and rotational grazing. Our results show that the process of succession of long‐term enclosed S. bungeana community can be divided into two stages: 1980–1996, the forward succession stage, when the species diversity and biomass reach the peak (33.7 species/m² and 1349.41 g/m², respectively); 1997–2007, the slow succession stage, when the gradually thickening of litter layer (litter depth reaches 3–5 cm) directly causes the reduction of species diversity and biomass to 19.1 species/m² and 863.19 g/m², respectively. While under the cutting and rotational grazing methods, grassland succession can be divided into four stages: 1st–5th year, the continuing growth stage; 6th–9th year, the vigorous competing stage; 10th–15th year, the aggregation growth stage of constructive species with biomass reaching the peak (1444.19 g/m²); and 16th–23rd year, stable growth stage of constructive species, which form sub‐climax and are eventually dominated by S. bungeana, with the species diversity and biomass of 25–27 species/m² and 956.76–1165.35 g/m², respectively. The constructive species suddenly change in the 24th year, and the population of S. grandis increases rapidly to 21 m^?2 accounting for 25% of the total plant population. Long‐term enclosure leads to decreased species diversity and biomass and is not beneficial for grassland renewing. The species diversity and biomass of degraded grassland continuously decrease to 10 species/m² and 392.1 g/m² due to long‐term artificial failure and transitionally grazing, leading to harden soil with slow rainfall infiltration, where plants can only sustain life under the drought condition. Therefore, reasonable cutting and rotational grazing are the methods of choice for the gradual increase of species diversity and promotion of the natural renewal and forward succession of the grassland on Loess Plateau. These results provide reliable information for the diversity dynamic change as better indictors of soil quality and sustainable utilization mode.  相似文献   

Potential responses of oligochaetes (Annelida, Clitellata) to global changes: Experimental fertilization in a lowland stream of Argentina (South America)     

Laura Armendáriz  Carolina Ocón  Alberto Rodrigues Capítulo 《Limnologica》2012,42(2):118-126

One of the possible consequences of climatic change for streams and rivers in the pampean region of South America is an increment in nutrient loads. To analyze this possible perturbation on a biological scale, the response of oligochaetes to an experimental eutrophication of the La Choza Stream, Argentina was studied. We proposed that the addition of nutrients could increase the abundance, biomass, and species composition of the stream. Two stretches (Control and Treatment sites) were selected, with bimonthly samples being taken (March 2007 through February 2009) in two habitat types: the sediments and the aquatic vegetation. On each sampling occasion the environmental variables were measured. The nutrient addition consisted in the continuous dissolution of a commercial fertilizer. The oligochaete mean density and total biomass, the taxonomic richness, the Shannon diversity (H′), and the evenness (E) were calculated and the BACI ANOVA design used to compare the differences between the sites. Thirty-three species of the families Naididae (Naidinae, Pristininae, Tubificinae, and Rhyacodrilinae), Opistocystidae, Enchytraeidae plus Aphanoneura Aeolosomatidae were collected. The oligochaete abundance and biomass increased significantly in the sediments and on the aquatic vegetation, especially among the Naidinae and Pristininae during their asexual reproductive phase. The diversity and evenness varied significantly in the sediments with the nutrient addition. Significant differences in the species richness and diversity were found on the aquatic vegetation, with both increasing at the treatment site after the fertilization. A significant correlation (Spearman) was observed between the oligochaete density in the sediments and the NO₃-N and NH₄-N concentration in the water. The increment in the naidines resistant to the fertilizer throughout the experiment could be explained by the greater nutrient availability, their mode of reproduction, and their short life cycles. The results of our study suggested that the incorporation of nutrients modified the composition of the oligochaete assemblage in favor of herbivores and detrivores. The usefulness of these indicator organisms in monitoring freshwater systems is subsequently discussed.  相似文献   

Derelict fishing nets in Puget Sound and the Northwest Straits: Patterns and threats to marine fauna     

Thomas P. Good  Jeffrey A. June  Ginny Broadhurst 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(1):39-50

Derelict fishing gear remains in the marine environment for years, entangling, and killing marine organisms worldwide. Since 2002, hundreds of derelict nets containing over 32,000 marine animals have been recovered from Washington’s inland waters. Analysis of 870 gillnets found many were derelict for years; most were recovered from northern Puget Sound and high-relief rocky habitats and were relatively small, of recent construction, in good condition, stretched open, and in relatively shallow water. Marine organisms documented in recovered gillnets included 31,278 invertebrates (76 species), 1036 fishes (22 species), 514 birds (16 species), and 23 mammals (4 species); 56% of invertebrates, 93% of fish, and 100% of birds and mammals were dead when recovered. For all taxa, mortality was generally associated with gillnet effectiveness (total area, age and condition, and suspension in the water). Mortality from derelict fishing gear is underestimated at recovery and may be important for species of economic and conservation concern.  相似文献   

长江口北支湿地鸟类多样性研究——鸟类物种多样性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙永涛  张金池 《湿地科学与管理》2010,6(3):50-53

通过对长江口北支湿地鸟类资源的野外实地调查,共记录到鸟类16目41科216种。鸟类以水鸟为主,其中鸻鹬类、雁鸭类、鹭类、鸥类为水鸟的优势类群,鸻鹬类在种类、数量上最多;以非繁殖鸟(冬候鸟和旅鸟)为主;东洋界种占绝对优势,其次为广布种,古北界种所占比例最小;濒危和珍稀鸟类种类较多,数量较少,且以水鸟为主,湿地生境是其主要生境。鸟类的G指数为4.38,F指数为23.03,G-F指数为0.81,与黄河三角洲湿地和闽江河口湿地相比,长江口北支湿地鸟类的科间多样性和属间多样性均较高。  相似文献   

贵州洞穴螺类的物种多样性及分布初步研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

黎道洪  陈德牛  罗泰昌  罗蓉  彭涛 《中国岩溶》2003,22(3):212-218

2001年1月至2002年8月对贵州的龙洞、和尚洞、竹林洞及织金洞等50余个洞穴内的螺类进行了调查,共采集标本1306号,经鉴定和分类,隶属1纲2目15科108种, 其中有4个新种。不难看出,贵州洞穴螺类的物种丰富度较高,并具有从有光带到弱光带呈下降趋势;从物种的丰度来看,在有光带最高,弱光带和黑暗带则无明显的差异。优势种不明显。从水平分布看, 分布的种类和数量最多的均是有光带; 从空间分布看, 主要分布于洞底。此外, 还对螺类适应洞穴生活的特征及保护作了初步分析。   相似文献   

应用物种敏感性分布评估有机磷农药对淡水生物的急性生态风险   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐瑞祥  陈亚华 《湖泊科学》2012,24(6):811-821

构建了4种常用有机磷农药(二嗪磷、对硫磷、杀螟硫磷和马拉硫磷)对淡水生物的物种敏感性分布(SSD)曲线,计算了4种有机磷农药对不同淡水生物的5%危害浓度(HC5)及其不同暴露浓度对淡水生物的潜在影响比例(PAF),分析了4种有机磷农药的急性生态风险,比较了脊椎动物和无脊椎动物(包括鱼类、甲壳类以及昆虫与蜘蛛类)对4种有机磷农药的敏感性,评估了3个典型水体中常用有机磷农药的联合生态风险.结果表明:1)通过HC5和PAF值的比较发现,4种有机磷农药对无脊椎动物的毒性与生态风险明显高于脊椎动物,对甲壳类的毒性与生态风险最大,对鱼类的毒性与生态风险最小.2)通过SSD曲线的对比发现,当对数暴露浓度小于3.5μg/L时,4种有机磷农药对无脊椎动物的生态风险明显高于脊椎动物;而当对数暴露浓度大于4.5μg/L时,其对脊椎动物的生态风险较大.3)在绝大多数暴露浓度下,无脊椎动物比脊椎动物对4种有机磷农药更敏感;在较低暴露浓度下,甲壳类对4种有机磷农药的敏感性较高;而在较高暴露浓度下,昆虫和蜘蛛类对其敏感性较高.4)长江、九龙江和五小川流域水体中对硫磷与马拉硫磷对淡水生物的PAF以及它们的复合潜在影响比例(msPAF)均小于0.5%,生态风险很低.  相似文献