海洋有害藻华研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

林森杰  姬南京  罗昊 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(3):495-510

浮游植物不仅是食物链的基础环节,也在生物地球化学循环中起着重要作用。然而,某些种类在一定条件下会过度增殖富集形成有害藻华(因造成水色变为红、绿、褐、金等颜色,所以俗称为赤潮、绿潮、褐潮、金潮等),结果严重影响当地经济、海洋生态系统、全球生物地球化学循环甚至人类健康。近年来,随着水体富营养化、全球气候变化等现象加剧,有害藻华(Harmful Algal Bloom,HAB)的暴发规模和频次呈逐年增加趋势,且相关研究已成为环境生态学领域的热点。本文主要以典型海洋HAB生物为线索,从物种分布、生物监测、主要影响因素、分子机制及防治等方面概述了近十年HAB的主要研究进展,总结了现有研究的优点和不足,并对未来HAB研究做了相关展望。近十年的研究进展主要体现在:(1)不断有新的HAB物种被发现或鉴定,HAB藻类系统分类也不断被更新;(2)鉴定、检测方法包括DNA分析、生物传感器研发应用等有较大改进;(3)藻类毒素生物合成通路的研究有一定进展;(4)在HAB生态学与海洋学研究持续发展的基础上,分子机制及现代组学发展较迅速。然而, HAB发生的关键环境诱因和生物学(特别是生化与分子)机制仍然不是很清楚,缺乏一个可用来预测HAB暴发的关键因子。笔者认为,一方面是因为HAB的复杂性、种类及生态系统的特异性,另一方面是研究缺乏系统性与完整性。因此未来有必要加强对每一个重要的HAB原因种开展系统、持续的研究,类似于生物科学领域里的模式种研究,并且有必要开展综合性的研究,如实验室单种培养、中尺度模拟及现场生态研究相结合,整合现代组学、传统生理生态学和现场实时连续观测等技术。  相似文献   

ATS藻板与自然礁石上藻群生物多样性的比较     

王欢欢  谭斯尹  王慧  杜虹  侯涛  陈贤建  黎俊珺  黄莹 《热带海洋学报》2019,38(1):43-48

ATS(algal turf scrubber)系统是一种利用潮间带藻类高效去除富营养化水体中氮(N)、磷(P)元素的水质净化系统, 藻类是支持整个系统最重要的组成部分, 其群落结构与水质净化效果密切相关。该研究基于Illumina MiSeq平台的高通量测序技术对海水水族缸的ATS系统中藻板样品和自然礁石上的藻类进行多样性分析。18S rDNA研究结果表明, ATS系统中经筛选得到藻类优化序列21390条, 其中对丝藻属Antithamnion占主要地位, 占序列总数的22.79%, 其次19.07%序列归入斜纹藻属Psammodictyon; 宋井、展南亭、后宅3个地区的藻类经筛选分别得到88435、87129、106458条优化序列, 主要为分枝色指藻属Chroodactylon、宽果藻属Mastocarpus和日本马泽藻属Mazzaella。ATS系统和自然环境样品共有的优势藻为骨条藻属Skeletonema和仙菜属Ceramium。本实验在研究ATS系统与自然礁石上的藻类群落相似性的同时, 深入探究了其群落结构的差异性, 为进一步优化ATS系统的功能提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

Estimation of new production in the North Sea: consequences for temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Richardson  Katherine; Pedersen  Flemming Bo 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1998,55(4):574-580

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Satellite and ship observations of Kuroshio warm-core ring 93A off Sanriku, northwestern North Pacific, in spring 1997     

Sei-Ichi Saitoh  Denzo Inagake  Kousei Sasaoka  Joji Ishizaka  Yukihiro Nakame  Toshiro Saino 《Journal of Oceanography》1998,54(5):495-508

Synoptic ship and satellite observations were performed of the Kuroshio warm-core ring (KWCR) 93A and its adjacent waters, off Sanriku, northwestern North Pacific, between early April and late June 1997. The temporal and spatial distribution of chlorophylla (Chl-a) and sea surface temperature in the study area were analyzed using data from ADEOS Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCTS) and NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). The objective of this study was to describe the temporal and spatial variability of the spring bloom and understand its relationship with the changes in the hydrographic structure of these waters in and around KWCR 93A. The maximum value of Chl-a concentration in the ring was less than 1 mg/m³ during April. The spring bloom in the ring occurred early in May and the relatively high maximum (>1.0 mg/m³) continued from early in May to mid-June. In late June, a ship-observed surface Chl-a concentration of less than 0.4 mg/m³ suggests that the spring bloom had already declined in and around KWCR 93A. Double spiral structures of warm and cold streamers appeared from late April to mid-May, which may have an influence on the occurrence of the spring bloom in and around the ring. In this episodic event, the warm streamer can maintain the available potential energy of the ring and the strength of upwelling around the ring. The cold streamer provided water with a high Chl-a concentration to the surface layer of the ring. In order to understand the temporal and spatial variability of Chl-a distribution in the ring, the behavior of the warm and cold streamers needs to be taken into consideration.  相似文献   

Estimation of standing stock of chlorophylla and primary production from remote-sensed ocean color in the Oyashio region, the Western subarctic Pacific, during the spring bloom in 1997     

Hiromi Kasai  Hiroaki Saito  Atsushi Tsuda 《Journal of Oceanography》1998,54(5):527-537

In order to examine the applicability of remotely-sensed ocean color for the estimation of phytoplankton biomass and primary production in the Oyashio region, the western subarctic Pacific, vertical distributions of chlorophylla concentration and primary production were observed in April and May 1997. Spring bloom was observed in both April and May, and the surface concentration of chlorophylla exceeded 40 mg m⁻³. The relationship between the standing stocks of chlorophylla within the layer from the sea surface to one optical depth (0–1/k layer) and the surface chlorophylla concentration is expressed as a Michaelis-Menten equation. The mean ratio of the standing stock of chlorophylla in the euphotic layer to that in the 0–1/k layer was 4.41, this ratio did not significantly differ from 4.61 which was obtained at homogeneous distribution of chlorophylla within the euphotic layer. These facts suggest that the distribution of chlorophylla could be assumed to be homogeneous in the euphotic layer during the spring bloom. Results of primary production measurements by simulatedin situ method were compared with those by an algorithm with two variables; chlorphylla and non-spectral PAR. Daily primary production in the euphotic layer estimated by the algorithm varied in a range of 38–274% of that estimated by incubation, although the primary productions by the algorithm agreed with those by the incubation at a half of stations. Primary production within the euphotic layer calculated using simply the surface data was the same as that estimated using vertical distribution of chlorophylla. These results show that the primary production in the euphotic layer may be estimated from the remote sensed measurements during the spring bloom in the Oyashio region.  相似文献   

Eutrophication Dynamics of Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Joseph H. W. Lee  Feleke Arega 《Marine pollution bulletin》1999,39(1-12):187-192

The time and spatial variation of water quality in Tolo Harbour, a eutrophic landlocked semi-enclosed bay frequented by algal blooms, is studied using a dynamic eutrophication model. Hourly changes of tide levels and currents are computed by a link-node model assuming M₂ tidal forcing. Phytoplankton growth is assumed to be limited by solar radiation, nitrogen and temperature. The model incorporates light acclimation by algae, self-shading, photosynthetic production, nutrient uptake, and a dynamic determination of the carbon to chlorophyll ratio. In particular, sediment-water-pollutant interactions are modelled via an anaerobic benthic layer segment. Using recorded pollution loads and environmental forcing as input, the model predictions of daily-averaged water quality are compared with the extensive water quality monitoring data of the Environmental Protection Department (EPD). The predicted spatial distribution and trends of algal biomass, inorganic nitrogen, dissolved oxygen (DO), as well as sediment oxygen demand (SOD), are in general agreement with field observations.  相似文献   

一种棕囊藻的形态特征与毒素分析   总被引：42，自引：4，他引：38  

何家菀  施之新  张银华  刘永定  江天久  尹伊伟  齐雨藻 《海洋与湖沼》1999,30(2):172-179

于１９９７年１１月,在广东省汕头地区饶平县海面采集棕囊藻,采用显微观察和光谱分析方法,进行形态特征与毒素结构的研究。结果表明,该种藻具有两处不同的藻体形态：一种是不运动的球形群体,外具胶质被,群体内的细胞有近千至数万个,每个细胞有２－３个黄褐色的叶绿体;另一种是游动的单细胞,具有两根几乎等托的鞭毛和一根短的定鞭丝,常呈球形,将反复冻融或冷冻干燥的藻细胞经有机溶剂提取,用新鲜牛血球测定显示出强的溶血  相似文献   

厦门西港引发有害硅藻水华磷的阈值研究   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  

林昱  林荣澄 《海洋与湖沼》1999,30(4):391-396

1995年10月,在厦门市国家海洋局第三海洋研究所的陆基水池中,应用海洋围隔生态系实验技术,研究了在无海流、盐度等因子干扰的情况下,磷的形态、分布及其与浮游植物生物量的相关性。结果表明,海水中的可溶性无机磷（DIP）随时间里指数函数减少。浮游植物生物量主要与可溶性无机磷密切相关：[Chl－a]=A×e-B[PO4],这种相关的浮游植物生物量表现2d左右的滞后现象。还探讨了限制浮游植物增殖的DIP的最低浓度为0．3－04μmol／L,从DIP表现浓度估算浮游植物可能达到的最大生物量为[Chl－a]=10mg／m3,并由此估算出引发中肋骨条藻赤潮的DIP的阈值为1．2μmol／L,作为赤潮预测预报的参考。  相似文献   

五种海藻对虹鲍的诱食作用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

吴永沛 《台湾海峡》1999,18(2):181-185

采用自由择食和非自由择食实验的方法,研究５种海藻Ｌｅｓｓｏｎｉａ ｖａｒｉｅｇａｔｑ,Ｄａｒｖｉｌｌａｅａ ａｕｌａｒｃｔｉｎａ,Ｐｏｒｐｈｙｒａ ｃｏｌｕｍｂｉｎａ,Ｍａｃｒｏｃｙｓｔｉｓ ｐｙｒｉｆｅｒａ,Ｅｃｋｌｏｎｉａ ｒａｄｉａｔａ对实验虹鲍Ｈａｌｉｏｔｉｓ ｉｒｉｓ的诱食作用。结果表明,５种海洋藻类的诱食作用呈显著性差异。  相似文献   

细弱红翎菜(Solieria tenuis)的物种鉴定及其在青岛市琅琊台湾海域的生长调查研究          下载免费PDF全文

闫舒恒  王旭雷  王立军  顾文辉  解修俊  高山  羌玺  卓锦涛  郭梦林  刘雪华  王宗灵  王广策 《海洋与湖沼》2023,54(1):149-159

2021年7月末至10月初,位于黄海沿岸的青岛市西海岸新区琅琊台湾贡口拦海坝处出现大量悬浮生长的大型红藻。为明确该类群的分类地位,探究其生物学特征,对该处红藻群体展开了实地调研,并采集相关样本开展了形态鉴定和分子系统发育分析。该群体主要由一种红藻组成,藻体紫红色、圆柱形,质软多肉,高度可达20cm,不规则互生分枝,分枝基部强烈缢缩、顶端尖细;藻体主轴横截面观可见较小的含色素外皮层细胞以及较大的近圆形假薄壁细胞和分布在髓层中央的散乱、疏松的丝状细胞。结合分子标记rbc L和cox I基因的系统发育分析结果,该物种被鉴定为细弱红翎菜(Solieria tenuis Zhang et Xia)。与历史研究记录不同,贡口拦海坝处的细弱红翎菜群体缺乏固着器和繁殖结构,悬浮性营养生长,所在海域丰富的氮磷营养可能为其快速生长提供了物质基础,在生长高峰期该群体总生物量约6 t (干重),是一次局部区域性小规模“藻华”。细弱红翎菜的悬浮生态型和暴发性增殖现象表明该物种可能具有较强的环境适应性,其生理特征和潜在的生态风险需进一步关注。  相似文献