A STUDY ON PATHOGENS OF CHINESE PRAWN (PENAEUS CHINENSIS) VIRUS DISEASES     

孙修勤  张进兴 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1995,(3)

This pathogenic study shows that the viral diseases of Chinese prawns (Penaeus chinensis. O'sbeck)is due to three kinds of viruses: epithelium envelope baculovirus of Penaeus chinensis (EEBV-PC, de-tected by the authors in 1993), infections hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus, andhepatopancreatic parvo-like virus, and that the first two viruses seem to be the main pathogens of theepidemic in the northern regions in 1993.  相似文献   

Flying-fox species and Hendra virus spillover risk: comment on ‘Factors explaining the dispersal of Hendra virus disease in South-East Queensland’ by Burnham and Chong (2016)     

Hume Field  Dan Edson  Craig Smith 《国际地球制图》2017,32(6):697-698

The approach taken by Burnham and Chong to explain the occurrence of Hendra virus incidents in Australia, while analytically valid, is compromised by erroneous and incomplete biological data underpinning the analyses. Firstly, they erroneously state the peak mating, pregnancy and birthing periods in black, grey-headed and little red flying-foxes, thus their related interpretations and conclusions are flawed. Secondly, the reported association between grey-headed flying-fox density and HeV incidents is at odds with recent findings suggesting grey-headed flying-foxes are an insubstantial host. While this broader epidemiological perspective was not within their stated aims, it is appropriate that it be canvassed in discussion of their geo-spatial analyses given the level of horse-industry, public and media interest in Hendra virus and the potential for confusion and mixed messages regarding HeV exposure risk management. We suggest that a broader collaborative cross-disciplinary approach offers synergies that produce robust, real-world ‘one health’ outputs.  相似文献   

HBV相关肝病患者外周血NK细胞PD-1、Tim-3表达及意义     

赵小瑜  周妮  汤永志  林希  陈华忠  朱坚胜 《寒旱区科学》2017,9(5):51-54,59

目的 了解HBV相关肝病患者外周血NK细胞表面PD-1、Tim-3的表达情况,探讨PD-1和Tim-3的表达与血清HBV-DNA载量的相关情况。方法 选择HBV感染相关肝病患者74例,其中CHB患者30例,LC患者24例,HCC患者20例,健康对照18例。应用流式细胞术检测NK细胞表面PD-1、Tim-3表达,荧光定量PCR检测HBV-DNA量,ELISA法检测细胞因子分泌水平。统计各组患者PD-1和Tim-3的表达率,比较各组差异,分析其与病情的相关性。结果 CHB、LC、HCC组外周血NK细胞表面PD-1和Tim-3的表达率分别为34.46%±7.31%、59.09%±12.35%、61.49%±15.26%和19.18%±6.05%、28.64%±11.20%、31.24%±11.85%,均高于对照组（P<0.01）,LC组和HCC组明显高于CHB组（P<0.01）,LC组和HCC组比较无统计学差异。在CHB组,PD-1的表达率与HBV-DNA呈负相关关系（R=-0.437,P=0.033）。CHB、LC、HCC各组血清中细胞因子TNF-α和IFN-γ水平分别为0.66±0.63、0.75±0.66、0.85±0.71和1.76±0.88、1.83±1.23、1.60±0.53,均低于健康对照组（P<0.01）。结论 HBV相关肝病患者NK细胞表面PD-1、Tim-3表达均增加,且与病情严重程度有关,增加表达的PD-1与血清HBV-DNA载量存在负相关性,HBV肝病各组血清TNF-α、IFN-γ分泌减少。  相似文献   

Sesquiterpenoids in sediments of a hypersaline lagoon: A possible algal origin     

V. O. Elias  A. M. A. De Barros  A. B. de Barros  B. R. T. Simoneit  J. N. Cardoso 《Organic Geochemistry》1997,26(11-12)

Core samples were collected in Lagoa Vermelha, a hypersaline lagoon located about 100 km east of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). The sediment composition is predominantly carbonate in amounts up to 93%. Analysis of δ¹³C of the total organic matter in the sediments showed that marine organic matter predominates throughout the core (δ¹³C ranges from −15.84 to −22.64‰ vs. PDB). Organic carbon contents (TOC) ranged from 0.81 to 13.28%. A series of cadinane-type sesquiterpenoids can be recognized in the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data. Essentially the same components are present in all the samples, with variations only in their relative abundances. The most abundant compounds are α- and β-cubebene, α- and β-cedrene, cadinenes (different isomers), α-curcumene and calamenene, with minor amounts of calarene, humulene, calacorene and cadalene. Since this lagoon is surrounded by dunes with only minor vegetation typical of this environment (grasses, small non-resinous shrubs and no forest) with no potential source for sesquiterpenoids, a terrestrial origin for these compounds is excluded and an algal origin is more consistent with the locale and the recognition of sesquiterpenoids (including cadinol) in microbial mats from the lagoon. Only the natural product precursor sesquiterpenoids are present in the microbial mats with no detectable diagenetic derivatives (e.g. calamenene and cadalene). This indicates that the compounds in the mats are from recent input and those found in the sediments are most likely derived from former algal biomass in this lagoon, a fact confirmed by the recognition of a series of diagenetic aromatic components in the sediments. Surface sediments contain n-alkanes with no even-to-odd predominance indicating that microbial activity is higher in shallower sediments. Moreover, mass fragmentograms (m/z 191) of biomarkers revealed the presence of 17α(H),21β(H)-hopanes, the mature isomers, together with their ββ precursors and low amounts of the intermediates with the βα configuration (moretanes). This indicates a contribution of mature organic matter to these immature sediments.  相似文献   

地表喀斯特沉积中藻类作用的观察研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

张捷 《地理研究》1992,11(2):26-33

本文通过对我国,南斯拉夫及英国的一些典型地表喀斯特沉积样品的微观观察(偏光显微镜及扫描电镜观察),并综合前人成果,讨论了多种陆相淡水碳酸盐沉积物(石灰华、藻微礁、钙壳核、荒漠叠层石及钙结壳等)沉积过程中藻类(蓝藻、硅藻、绿藻、红藻及轮藻的)钙化作用(充填、结壳及代换作用)、捕获和粘结作用、同化作用和分泌作用,并提出了一种地表喀斯特沉积中新的藻类作用的可能类型——构架作用(shoring effect)。  相似文献   

对虾传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒编码蛋白的相互作用研究     

陈沈雪  魏永伟  苗亮  陈炯 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(1):205-212

采用Matchmaker酵母双杂交系统,将对虾传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒(Infection hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus,IHHNV)编码蛋白NS1、NS2和CP序列分别构建到酵母猎物载体p GADT7和诱饵载体p GBKT7上,分别转化至酵母AH109以检测重组猎物载体和诱饵载体的自激活作用及对宿主的毒性作用,发现无自激活作用和毒性作用,随后将重组猎物载体和诱饵载体两两共转至酵母AH109中,涂布于SD/-Leu/-Trp固体培养基上,再点种至SD/-Ade/-His/-Leu/-Trp/X-α-gal固体培养基以鉴定编码蛋白间的相互作用。表型鉴定结果显示,只有共转化有p GADT7-CP/p GBKT7-CP的酵母重组子能够在SD/-Ade/-His/-Leu/-Trp/X-α-gal上生长并显蓝,而其它重组子均不能在其上生长,表明病毒的CP能够自身互作,而其他编码蛋白间无相互作用。为了进一步研究病毒CP自身互作的作用位点,分别从CP的N端和C端截短若干个氨基酸序列,结果发现CP的自身互作是高度敏感的,任何较少氨基酸序列的缺失都将导致其自身互作的丧失。本研究为深入探讨病毒的组装机制和致病机理奠定了理论基础。  相似文献   

以宏基因组技术探讨渤海秋冬季节病毒多样性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

夏骏  汪岷  宫政  姜勇  马玉  汪俭  邵红兵  王多兵  许志梦 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(3):572-580

为研究渤海海域病毒群落总体状况,本文以渤海的B47站表层海水为代表,对两个时间点(2010年9月,2011年12月)的病毒宏基因组做出全面分析。采集海水样品后过滤并经过切相流系统浓缩,提取DNA测序,再进行生物信息学分析,包括病毒组的种群分类、功能基因分析、系统进化分析等。分析结果指明,这两个时间点的病毒群落均由双链DNA病毒(97.75%,scaffold百分比)占据优势地位,其中尤以有尾噬菌体(80.86%,scaffold百分比)居多。按宿主区分,最大的一类病毒为聚球藻噬藻体(10.29%,scaffold百分比)。渤海病毒群落最为丰富的功能基因为复制、结合和修复基因,且冬季(33.77%,ORF百分比)大于秋季(16.39%,ORF百分比)。结果表明:在渤海病毒组中,(1)存在理论上只出现在亚热带海域的原绿球藻噬藻体;(2)物种组成、物种多样性、功能基因比例呈现季节变化;(3)相比远洋病毒组有一定独特性;(4)可能存在未知的T4-like病毒分支。  相似文献   

日本囊对虾三个胸腺肽多结构域蛋白的分子特征及其对白斑综合症病毒感染的应答     

马金友  阮灵伟  徐洵  高兆明 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(4):44-50

  相似文献   

绿潮生物学机制研究   总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1  

王广策  王辉  高山  郇丽  王旭雷  顾文辉  解修俊  张建恒  孙松  于仁成  何培民  郑阵兵  林阿朋  牛建峰  王立军  张宝玉  沈颂东  卢山 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(4):789-808

绿潮发生机制极其复杂,但其核心机理是绿潮暴发时漂浮"藻席"中的浒苔快速形成巨大生物量,涉及浒苔生物学过程对环境的响应及其生理生化基础。为此,本文在已有研究报道的基础上,对浒苔生活史研究进行了充分的理论补遗;分析了漂浮"藻席"中浒苔生长与繁殖过程,认为该过程是绿潮生物量形成的关键;阐述了浒苔孢子囊形成是对富营养化背景下海水溶解无机氮(DIN)中硝态氮高占比的响应,认为一氧化氮分子可促进浒苔营养细胞向孢子囊的转化;解析了浒苔细胞对逆境因子的响应途径与机制。基于已有的研究成果,本文对浒苔引发绿潮的生物学过程进行了理论推定。人为或自然因素使固着浒苔处于漂浮状态,形成小规模"藻席";富营养化背景下海水DIN中硝态氮占比的升高赋予了浒苔巨大的繁殖潜能,漂浮过程溶解无机碳(DIC)"充裕"和"不足"两个阶段的交替以及食藻动物啃食产生的藻片段使孢子囊形成比例大幅提升;孢子原位萌发等使释放的孢子在"藻席"中获得了附着基,个体数目随之指数增长;结合漂浮浒苔的高生长速率,"藻席"规模不断扩大,短时间内形成巨大生物量。同时,本文还对今后的绿潮研究提出一些建议,认为啃食动物在浒苔生物量消长过程中发挥重要作用,在漂浮"藻席"系统中扮演着"生态引擎"的功能,同时系统阐明浒苔孢子的原位萌发等现象的生物学机理应该是未来绿潮的重要研究内容。  相似文献   

福建福宁湾表层沉积物中甲藻孢囊分布与多样性研究     

王朝晖  郑虎  王文婷  谢昌良  暨双辉  张宇宁 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(6):1396-1404

孢囊是甲藻生活史中特殊的休眠阶段,被认为是赤潮发生的种源。于2018年4月采集了福建福宁湾海域表层沉积物,对沉积物中甲藻孢囊的分布规律进行了研究,重点揭示有毒有害甲藻孢囊的分布;同时测定了沉积物中生源要素含量,以揭示孢囊分布与生源要素的关系。共鉴定甲藻孢囊25种,其中别什藻(Biecheleria tirezensis)孢囊占据优势。孢囊的种类多样性指数(H'')偏低,为2.06~2.34;均匀度指数(J)为0.71~0.81。孢囊密度介于178.6~386.3 cysts/g (以干重计,下同),平均为286.0cysts/g。孢囊密度高值区位于水深较深、沉积物颗粒较细的长表岛外海域,而低值区则位于长表岛至海尾角的近岸海域。值得注意的是,研究分析鉴定出9种有毒有害甲藻的孢囊,包括麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish poisoning,PSP)原因种奥氏亚历山大藻(Alexandrium ostenfeldii)和链状/塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium catenella/tamarense)孢囊复合体、goniodomine A原因种平野亚历山大藻(Alexandrium hiranoi)、虾夷扇贝毒素(yessotoxin,YTX)原因种具刺膝沟藻(Gonyaulax spinifera)和网状原角藻(Protoceratium reticulatum)、产生鱼毒素的哈曼褐多沟藻(Pheopolykrikos hartmannii)以及赤潮藻类Barrufeta bravensis、锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella acuminata)和垂裂莱万藻(Levanderina fissa),其中Barrufeta bravensis、Gonyaulax spinifera和Scrippsiella acuminata的孢囊分布广泛且密度较高,需引起关注。  相似文献