弱辐射特征遥感影像的自动伽马校正     

许龙  李晨钊  李鹏 《海洋测绘》2013,33(1):32-34

为了有效地消除光照不均对成像效果的影响,还原原始图像信息,通过分析Gamma校正函数及对函数包含参数的适应性实验,研究并提出了依据原始图像像素分布自动确定Gamma函数参数值的伽马校正方法,实现了弱辐射特征图像的自动灰度修正。对近海区域的遥感影像进行了辐射校正实验,证明该方法对弱辐射特征的遥感影像有很好的校正效果。  相似文献   

四分量钻孔应变观测资料的换算和使用   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

邱泽华  阚宝祥  唐磊 《地震》2009,29(4)

水平四分量钻孔应变仪观测的是地表附近一点的水平应变变化. 但是其直接记录并非应变变化,应根据互检条件先进行实地相对标定(计算元件校正系数),然后用理论固体潮进行实地绝对标定(计算探头校正系数),才能进行应变换算,给出可作为应变变化使用的数据. 因为钻孔应变仪观测的是应变变化,所以实地标定和应变换算都需要用增量. 对于精确的研究,这些校正系数都可能随时间变化,因而需要根据具体问题按特定时间段对校正系数进行计算. 该文比较系统地说明了四分量钻孔应变观测资料换算和使用的基本步骤和具体方法,并以姑咱台的观测资料为例,给出了具体分析结果.  相似文献   

Assessment of the UV camera sulfur dioxide retrieval for point source plumes     

Marika P. Dalton  I. Matthew Watson  Patricia A. Nadeau  Cynthia Werner  William Morrow  Jeremy M. Shannon 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2009

Digital cameras, sensitive to specific regions of the ultra-violet (UV) spectrum, have been employed for quantifying sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emissions in recent years. The instruments make use of the selective absorption of UV light by SO₂ molecules to determine pathlength concentration. Many monitoring advantages are gained by using this technique, but the accuracy and limitations have not been thoroughly investigated. The effect of some user-controlled parameters, including image exposure duration, the diameter of the lens aperture, the frequency of calibration cell imaging, and the use of the single or paired bandpass filters, have not yet been addressed. In order to clarify methodological consequences and quantify accuracy, laboratory and field experiments were conducted. Images were collected of calibration cells under varying observational conditions, and our conclusions provide guidance for enhanced image collection. Results indicate that the calibration cell response is reliably linear below 1500 ppm m, but that the response is significantly affected by changing light conditions. Exposure durations that produced maximum image digital numbers above 32 500 counts can reduce noise in plume images. Sulfur dioxide retrieval results from a coal-fired power plant plume were compared to direct sampling measurements and the results indicate that the accuracy of the UV camera retrieval method is within the range of current spectrometric methods.  相似文献   

Determining the number of manual measurements required to improve peat thickness estimations by ground penetrating radar     

E. Rosa  M. Larocque  S. Pellerin  S. Gagné  B. Fournier 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(3):377-383

Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is often used for investigating peat thickness. The quality of GPR measurements depends on electromagnetic wave (EMW) velocity estimates. The objective of this study is to determine the number of manual measurements required to minimize EMW velocity error in peatlands. A total of 175 manually measured peat thicknesses are used with a depth‐to‐target method to assess EMW velocity in two southern Quebec peatlands. Mean measured EMW velocities are 0·040 and 0·039 m ns^–1 with standard deviations of 0·013 and 0·008 m ns^–1. Statistical analyses show that at least 30 calibration points are required to minimize the EMW velocity error, regardless of the geological setting. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Simulated multi-scale watershed runoff and sediment production based on GeoWEPP model   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

YU Xinxiao  ZHANG Xiaoming  NIU Lili Prof. Dr.  Key Laboratory of Soil  Water Conservation  Desertification Combating  Ministry of Education  School of Soil  Water Conservation  Beijing Forestry University  Beijing  China  Dr. China Institute of Water Resource  Hydropower Research  Beijing  China Dr.  ... 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(4):465-478

The runoff and sediment yield data from the Qiaozidonggou, Qiaozixigou, and Lu＇ergou watersheds, in the Loess Plateau of China are used to calibrate and validate the runoff and sediment yield simulated by GeoWEPP model of the WEPP Model at watershed scale. The indices of relative error, R, correlation coefficient, Re, and Nash-Suttcliffe efficiency coefficient Ens are used to evaluate the model fit. The eco-hydrological responses in the Luoyugou and Lu＇ergou watersheds are also forecast based on the WEPP Model. Meanwhile, the relation between vegetation pattern changes and sediment yield in the watershed is discussed, and the responses of runoff and sediment yield in the watersheds concerning forest growth stages are studied. The results show that the relative errors of simulated values of runoff and sediment yield are below 30%, the correlation coefficients axe above 0.90, and the Nash-Suttcliffe efficiency coefficients axe above 0.80. The simulation results present satisfactory performance, thus, the model could be used to simulate the runoff and sediment yield in these small watersheds. It is also observed that soil erosion tended to become severe as precipitation increased in the watershed, while soil erosion has a decreasing trend as forest cover increases and vegetation pattern is optimized. When the watershed is fully covered by forest, erosion and sediment yield are minimized. When the forest cover is about 30% and evenly distributed in the watershed, the erosion intensity is lower than if the forest cover is collectively distributed in the watershed. Erosion varies with different forest growth stages in the watershed; it is more serious at the young and near planting stage and is the smallest at the mature forest stage.  相似文献   

APN技术在中尺度自动站数据通讯中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谢寒生  符晓君  李晋峰  王旭 《气象研究与应用》2007,28(4):43-45

结合海南省气象局中尺度自动站网络建设实际案例,介绍了基于GPRS技术和SDH网络的APN组网原理,并详细讲解了其组网的配置实施过程。  相似文献   

Modelling water,nutrients, and organic carbon in forested catchments: a HYPE application          下载免费PDF全文

Charlotta Pers  Johan Temnerud  Göran Lindström 《水文研究》2016,30(18):3252-3273

Both monitoring and model simulation are useful for understanding and detecting changes in the environment. To understand and simulate leaching in small forested catchments, it is important to have knowledge of soil processes. Here, we describe recent development of the Hydrological Predictions for the Environment (HYPE) model for forested catchments. HYPE includes an organic carbon (OC) variable in addition to previously published nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and water flow models. The aspects addressed in the current study included P concentrations under low‐flow conditions and high concentrations of inorganic N. HYPE was further developed based on nine small forested catchments (0.5–200 ha) in Sweden, which were calibrated separately using local data. The model (excluding the OC variable) was tested on a larger set of forest catchments from the operational HYPE model of Sweden (S‐HYPE). We observed the following: (1) dissolved organic P could make a significant contribution to the total P concentration in a stream during low‐flow periods, (2) the inorganic N concentration simulated in a stream improved when part of the atmospheric N was retained in the soil, (3) the soil flow path formulation was critical for simulating concentration dynamics, and (4) evaluating an additional variable (OC) further elucidated the soil runoff processes in the model. Copyright © 2016 Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. Hydrological Processes published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Bedload transport measurements with impact plate geophones: comparison of sensor calibration in different gravel‐bed streams          下载免费PDF全文

Dieter Rickenmann  Jens M. Turowski  Bruno Fritschi  Carlos Wyss  Jonathan Laronne  Ronel Barzilai  Ian Reid  Andrea Kreisler  Johann Aigner  Hugo Seitz  Helmut Habersack 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(7):928-942

Indirect bedload transport measurements have been made with the Swiss plate geophone system in five gravel‐bed mountain streams. These geophone sensors record the motion of bedload particles transported over a steel plate mounted flush with the channel bed. To calibrate the geophone system, direct bedload transport measurements were undertaken simultaneously. At the Erlenbach in Switzerland, a moving‐basket sampler was used. At the Fischbach and Ruetz streams in Austria, a Helley–Smith type bedload sampler provided the calibration measurements. A Bunte‐type bedload trap was used at the Rofenache stream in Austria. At the Nahal Eshtemoa in Israel, Reid‐type slot bedload samplers were used. To characterize the response of the geophone signal to bedload particles impacting on the plate, geophone summary values were calculated from the raw signal and stored at one second intervals. The number of impulses, i.e. the number of peaks above a pre‐defined threshold value of the geophone output signal, correlated well with field measured gravel transport loads and was found to be a robust parameter. The relations of impulses to gravel transport loads were generally near‐linear, but the steepness of the calibration relations differed from site to site. By comparing the calibration measurements from the different field sites and utilizing insights gained during preliminary flume experiments, it has been possible to identify the main factors that are responsible for site specific differences in the calibration coefficient. The analysis of these calibration measurements indicates that the geophone signal also contains some information about the grain size distribution of bedload. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于CompactRIO的多通道强震动数据采集器FPGA的实现     

吴华灯  叶春明 《华南地震》2014,(3):33-39

提出以Compact RIO作为硬件平台,用Lab VIEW FPGA技术实现48通道强震动数据采集器底层数据采集功能。详细阐述了设计要点及从技术上实现了时钟同步、数据采集、标定信号输出、量程设置、状态显示、外触发信号接入等功能。结果表明,数据采集器的噪声、动态范围、幅频响应等主要技术指标满足国内地震行业标准DB/T 10-2001的要求,数据采集器的线性度误差满足DB/T 22-2007的要求。实现的阶段成果能为人们利用NI产品进行强震动数据采集器开发提供重要参考。  相似文献   

SWY-Ⅱ型水位传感器的校准方法研究     

石岩  何案华  贾鸿飞  雷晨  李秀丽 《华北地震科学》2014,(1):5-11

提出一种水位传感器准确度的实验室校准方法,并结合地震台站的实际观测情况,对实验室校准方法进行改进,提出一种地震台站现场水位传感器的校准方法。通过地震台站现场校准方法的提出,从原理上基本解决了由于现场环境因素、压敏元件的非线性因素给水位观测带来的系统误差。  相似文献