Experimental diffusion of hydrogen into synthetic fluid inclusions in quartz   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

D. L. HALL  S. M. STERNER 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1995,13(3):345-355

Abstract Quartz-hosted, synthetic CO₂-H₂O fluid inclusions behave as open systems with respect to diffusional transfer of hydrogen during laboratory-simulated metamorphic re-equilibration at 650, 750 and 825°C and 1.5 kbar total pressure with f_O2 defined by the C-CH₄ buffer. Microthermometry and Raman spectroscopy show that the initial CO₂-H₂O inclusions become CO₂-CH₄-H₂-H_2O
inclusions after diffusive influx of hydrogen from the reducing confining medium. Measurable changes are observed in inclusion compositions after only 15 days of re-equilibration, implying significant hydrogen mobility at still lower temperatures over geological time spans. Results of synthetic inclusion re-equilibrium experiments have profound implications for the interpretation of natural fluid-inclusion data; failure to account for potential hydrogen migration in inclusions from high-temperature geological environments may lead to erroneous estimates of P-T, and/or the compositions of metamorphic fluids.  相似文献   

四川省干旱损失风险分析     

孙蕊  张顺谦  王春学  陈文秀 《气象科技》2021,49(2):260-268

利用四川省1961—2019年的气象观测资料及1991—2019年各县旱情资料,采用信息扩散方法分析了10a、50a一遇干旱的持续天数、经济损失率、人口受旱率和农作物受旱率的空间分布,并采用基于广义帕累托分布(GDP)的极值(POT)模型分析了四川7个干旱气候区,在不同置信水平下可能造成的最大经济损失率(PML)。结果表明:(1)10a重现期干旱持续天数,盆东北、盆中以及盆地西部山区相对较少在60～80d,攀西地区西部、盆地南部、龙泉山脉相对较多在100d以上;50a重现期干旱持续天数,盆地嘉陵江、涪江流域、都江堰灌区、甘孜州中部以及川西高原西北部相对较少在90～120d,攀西地区、甘孜州西南部和中部、盆地南部等局部地区在150d以上。(2)10a和50a重现期农作物受旱率,川西高原北部、盆东北和盆中均偏高,分别大于60%和90%;攀西地区和成都平原等地区相对偏低,均小于60%。(3)10a和50a重现期人口受旱率川西高原和盆地东北部、中部和南部分别在60%和80%以上。(4)10a和50a重现期干旱经济损失率,攀西地区、盆地西部(成德绵、雅乐眉)和南部(宜宾、自贡)均偏小,分别在3%和5%以下;盆东北、盆中和川西高原均相对而言偏高,其中盆东北局地、甘孜州西北部分别大于10%和20%。(5)在不同置信水平下,IV区(盆地东北部)和V区(甘孜州北部和阿坝州中西部)的PML相差较大且明显高于其它5区,最大分别为28.5%和38.6%;VII区(甘孜州南部和攀西地区北部)的PML在不同置信水平下相差最小且均小于其它区域,最小为3.1%;I区(成都平原区)的PML在不同置信水平下均处于偏小位置且整体相差不大。  相似文献   

Accuracy of kinematic wave and diffusion wave approximations for space-independent flows on infiltrating surfaces with lateral inflow neglected in the momentum equation     

V. P. Singh 《水文研究》1995,9(7):783-796

Error equations for the kinematic wave and diffusion wave approximations with lateral inflow neglected in the momentum equation are derived under simplified conditions for space-independent flows. These equations specify error as a function of time in the flow hydrograph. The kinematic wave, diffusion wave and dynamic wave solutions are parameterized through a dimensionless parameter γ which is dependent on the initial conditions. This parameter reflects the effect of initial flow depth, channel-bed slope, lateral inflow, infiltration and channel roughness when the initial condition is non-vanishing; it reflects the effect of bed slope, channel roughness and acceleration due to gravity when the initial condition is vanishing. The error equations are found to be the Riccati equation. The structure of the error equations in the case when the momentum equation neglects lateral inflow is different from that when the lateral inflow is included.  相似文献   

随机扩散水质模型研究          下载免费PDF全文

彭勤文 《水科学进展》2006,17(1):113-115

考虑湖泊中影响总磷沉积过程的众多生态因子的变化过程,假定湖泊中总磷沉积过程由标准布朗运动驱动,建立了一个总磷浓度的随机扩散方程,推广确定性富营养化Vollenweider水质模型为随机扩散模型,获得了总磷浓度过程的解析解,进而求出了总磷浓度过程的均值和方差,指出了一种依据沉积系数调控湖泊中总磷浓度的方法。模型被应用于巢湖总磷浓度过程的模拟。  相似文献   

基于构造约束的波阻抗边界刻画          下载免费PDF全文

张宏兵  杨长春  尚作萍 《地球物理学进展》2007,22(3):817-825

通过边界保护正则化和约束反演，在反演的目标函数中引入各种先验信息约束，以解决波阻抗反演的病态问题和带限问题.为了克服波阻抗模型边界过于平滑，在反演中引入地层和断层等构造信息约束，并且通过调整地层分界面和断层处的正则参数值来实现构造约束.此外，采用各向异性扩散法进行平滑处理，改善反演结果.通过合成数据测试和实际资料反演，证明了本文提出的方法对刻画模型边界是有效的.  相似文献   

Importance of advective zone in longitudinal mixing experiments     

James Shucksmith  Joby Boxall  Ian Guymer 《Acta Geophysica》2007,55(1):95-103

One-dimensional Fickian dispersion models such as the advection diffusion equation (ADE) are commonly used to analyse and predict concentration distributions downstream of contamination events in watercourses. Such models are only valid once the tracer had entered the equilibrium zone. This paper compares previous theoretical, experimental and numerical estimates of the distance to reach the equilibrium zone with new experimental values, obtained by examining the change of skewness in a tracer profile, downstream of a cross-sectionally well mixed source. Closer agreement was found with Fischers’ theoretical estimate than prior experimental and numerical studies.  相似文献   

A filtering approach for estimating lake water quality from remote sensing data     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2007,9(1):50-64

In this paper we consider the estimation of lake water quality constituent distributions from hyperspectral remote sensing data. We present a computational approach that can be used to assimilate information from mathematical evolution models into data processing. The method is based on a reduced order iterated extended Kalman filter, and a convection–diffusion model is used to describe the movement of the water quality constituents. The performance of the technique is evaluated in a simulation study. The results show that the filter approach with an appropriate evolution model yields estimates that have better spatial and temporal resolutions than those obtained with conventional methods. Furthermore, the use of a feasible evolution model may make it possible to obtain information also on the concentrations in the lower parts of the lake.  相似文献   

复杂地形城市冬季边界层气溶胶扩散和分布模拟   总被引：1，自引：5，他引：1  

郑飞  张镭  朱江  王慧 《高原气象》2007,26(3):532-540

着眼于城市冬季气溶胶扩散特征问题,针对地形复杂的兰州市及周边地区,开发了WRF模式,使之与包含了大气气溶胶辐射效应和气溶胶粒子扩散的综合大气边界层数值模式嵌套,以模拟城市冬季边界层气溶胶的扩散和分布规律。通过一个个例的模拟结果分析,揭示了兰州冬季气溶胶的扩散分布的如下特征;市区盆地内100 m以下存在东、西两个浓度高值中心,中心值为0.6~3.0 mg.m-3,往上浓度递减,1000 m高度处仅为0.02 mg.m-3。受排放源强、源高、气象场等因素的共同影响,白天盆地内气溶胶浓度随高度和时间的变化强烈,白天浓度随时间最大变化幅度为1.0 mg.m-3。气溶胶输送扩散高度可达到600~800 m,此高度以上浓度值很小。代表性测点上模拟的气溶胶浓度廓线表明,中午浓度达到最高,垂直扩散最强。这些结果与以往的烟雾层高度观测和气溶胶光学厚度观测结果吻合。夜间,盆地内气溶胶浓度随高度和时间的变化减弱,气溶胶输送扩散高度在400~500m,夜间浓度随时间变化平均幅度为0.05 mg.m-3。  相似文献   

利用非线性扩散的半自动纹理图像分割     

张煜  谭德宝 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2007,32(4):301-304

介绍了一种非线性扩散过滤器法从包含纹理的图像中获取灰度、尺度和方向信息，并形成经过耦合保边平滑的5通道向量值图像，对纹理图像的分割变为对此向量值图像的分割。针对半自动操作的特点，在合理的假设前提下，采用了多通道统计区域分割法。试验结果表明，本文的纹理分割方法能有效地利用重要纹理特征与灰度的混合信息，是一种半自动的无监督纹理图像分割方法。  相似文献   

Disc structure around strongly magnetic accretors: a full disc solution with buoyancy diffusivity     

C. G. Campbell  & P. M. Heptinstall 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,301(2):558-568

A full numerical solution is found for the effect of a strongly magnetic star on its accretion disc, for the case of magnetic buoyancy diffusion. As in the previously considered case of turbulent diffusion, the disc becomes disrupted when magnetic and viscous stresses become comparable. A magnetically induced temperature elevation leads to electron scattering opacity and radiation pressure becoming significant far from the stellar surface, with consequent viscous instability and vertical disruption of the disc. This, together with the previous turbulent case, suggests that such a disruption mechanism owing to strongly magnetic accretors is generally operable.  相似文献