灰色关联分析法在海洋环境质量评价中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

付会  孙英兰  孙磊  王翠 《海洋湖沼通报》2007,(3):127-131

介绍了灰色关联分析法的原理,说明了其评价步骤。以青岛某海区海水水质评价为例阐明了该方法在海洋环境评价中的应用,并将评价结果与模糊综合评价结果加以比较,结果表明,两种评价方法的评价结果有着较明显的差别,分析了原因。本文还提出了海水污染防治措施,为海洋环境保护提供依据。  相似文献   

Video assessment of environmental impacts of salmon farms   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Crawford  C. M.; Mitchell  I. M.; Macleod  C. K. A. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2001,58(2):445-452

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基于模糊综合评判理论的过驳系统效率计算方法     

余建星  谭振东 《海洋技术学报》2003,22(4):40-43

如何计算整个系统的运转效率，特别是受不确定因素影响的系统(如过驳系统)，仍然是一个非常重要的研究课题。文章提出基于模糊综合评判方法的效率计算方法，是一种新的尝试，这种方法较好的避免了人的主观随意性，更符合实际情况，同时又可以弥补统计方法的不足。文章对某沿海地区的一过驳系统进行了效率计算，取得比较好的效果。  相似文献   

Casualties in dry bulk shipping (1963–1996)     

Stephen E. Roberts  Peter B. Marlow 《Marine Policy》2002,26(6)

In recent years, bulk carriers have been identified with high risks of catastrophic structural failure and foundering, and with heavy loss of human life. This study, based upon Lloyd's of London casualty records, identified four risk factors that had significant, independent effect upon the likelihood of a bulk carrier foundering. The risk of foundering increased with the age of the ship, and was related to the ship's flag of registration. Most importantly, however, increased risks were found for heavy cargoes of iron ore and scrap steel or iron, and for trading routes to the Far East and from Europe to North America. Additional safety measures, in particular regarding ship design and high-risk trades, may well be necessary to reduce the high casualty rates.  相似文献   

Comprehensive development of agriculture in the Loess Plateau Area     

李柱臣 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1992,2(1):56-63

The Loess Plateau is one of China s developing areas where socio-econ-omy is backward, ecological environment deteriorated and people's life difficult.The purpose of carrying out comprehensive development of the area's agriculture is, in essence, to open up new fields of agro-production, to intensify the utilization of related resources, to raise productivity and to win bigger output. The decision is important, as by so doing, the physical landscape could be tranformed, the local economy could be flourished, and the people's standard of living could be improved, and moreover the national development strategy of "depending on the East and shifting to the West" and building Shanxi Province into an energy and chemical industrial base could be realized.Based on field investigations in recent years, the auther proposed the purpose, target, principles, steps, tactics and strategies for the comprehensive development of the are's agriculture.  相似文献   

Review of resource analysis and related studies: Working group,Mathematical Geology,freie Universität Berlin     

M. Shulman  H. Burger  C. Kliem  W. Skala 《Natural Resources Research》1992,1(1):97-106

The working group Mathematical Geology of the Freie Universität Berlin was formed in 1971. We review quantitative methods used by the working group since 1983 to treat mineral exploration problems. The methods applied vary from elementary statistical analysis of multivariate exploration data to optimal strategies for selecting favorable targets, and from multiobjective decision-making for additional drill hole locations to expert systems in exploration.The methods applied are directly related to the level of information at each stage of the exploration process. Special emphasis was placed on the relationship between and evaluation of subjective and objective data. Case studies illustrating the various methods are presented for different kinds of mineral deposits and exploration environments.  相似文献   

基于GIS的县域土壤重金属生态风险评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘庆  王静  汪庆华  张建国  张衍毓 《测绘科学》2008,33(3):90-93

为研究经济快速发展区农田土壤中重金属的含量及污染状况,本文以浙江省慈溪市为研究对象,研究土壤中铜、汞、镉、铅、砷、铬、锌七种重金属含量特征,并采用潜在生态危害指数法对其进行评价,并绘制生态风险危害指数分级图。结果表明:土壤中除汞元素含量较高外,其他各元素含量仅稍高于当地土壤背景值。七种元素的单因子污染指数Cfi值均属于中等的污染参数,综合污染指数Cd上限值已处于高污染指数的范围,但平均值为属于中等污染水平。从潜在生态风险评价结果来看,七种元素的单项潜在生态风险参数Eri的值也只有汞达到了强生态危害,七种元素综合潜在生态危害指数RI刚刚达到中等生态危害水平,说明该区农田土壤尚处于较低的生态风险状态。生态危害指数插值结果表明,慈溪市重金属元素的高风险区分布在中南部人类活动较为活跃、城乡工业较发达的区域,在今后的土地利用中,应高度重视人类活动对土壤重金属污染的影响。  相似文献   

Calculating Pollution Indices by Heavy Metals in Ecological Geochemistry Assessment and a Case Study in Parks of Beijing   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

龚庆杰  邓军  向运川  王庆飞  杨立强 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2008,19(3)

Pollution index is a powerful tool for ecological geochemistry assessment. The commonly used pollution indices by heavy metals in soils and sediments were classified as two types of single index and integrated index in an algorithm point of view. Four single indices of contamination factor (or concentration factor), ecological risk factor, enrichment factor, and index of geo-accumulation were illustrated, and the reference values for calculating single indices were distinguished into background levels and threshold pollution values. Eight integrated indices were divided into two groups. One group is suitable for the normal distribution single indices including the sum, average, weighted average,vector modulus, and Nemerow pollution indices, and the other for log-normal distribution including the product, root of product, and weighted power product pollution indices. Using background levels as reference values, five contamination classes were divided, and the terminologies are suggested for the single and integrated indices to unify the assessment results. Software of EGAPI was developed in a single document interface to calculate the four single and eight integrated indices by heavy metals to assess the quality of soil and sediment ecological geochemistry. Pollution indices by heavy metals of Cu,Pb, and Zn in soils in parks of Beijing were calculated using EGAPI software, and these five contamination classes and terminologies suggested in this study were evaluated and used. Results ofintegrated indices of Cu, Pb, and Zn in soils indicated that the soil qualities are unpolluted as a whole and varied from low polluted to unpolluted status from the center to the outskirts of Beijing City.  相似文献   

干旱区植被生态需水理论研究进展   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

胡广录  赵文智  谢国勋 《地球科学进展》2008,23(2):193-200

综述了植被生态需水的概念及其内涵,评价了植被生态需水的主要研究理论——生态适宜性理论、系统阈值理论、水文循环水量平衡理论、农业气象学理论,评析了各种理论在实践应用中的优缺点。指出在未来的植被生态需水研究中应加强生态体系健康标准建立、定量评价指标体系的数值模拟模型构建,研究中还必须注重植被生态需水的时空特性,充分利用“3S”技术手段和先进的科学试验设备,全方位、多角度获取不同研究区域的基础信息,为建立植被生态需水理论提供可靠的数据支撑。  相似文献   

Accuracy assessment of lidar-derived digital elevation models   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Fernando J.  Aguilar  Jon. P.  Mills 《The Photogrammetric Record》2008,23(122):148-169

Despite the relatively high cost of airborne lidar-derived digital elevation models (DEMs), such products are usually presented without a satisfactory associated estimate of accuracy. For the most part, DEM accuracy estimates are typically provided by comparing lidar heights against a finite sample of check point coordinates from an independent source of higher accuracy, supposing a normal distribution of the derived height differences or errors. This paper proposes a new methodology to assess the vertical accuracy of lidar DEMs using confidence intervals constructed from a finite sample of errors computed at check points. A non-parametric approach has been tested where no particular error distribution is assumed, making the proposed methodology especially applicable to non-normal error distributions of the type usually found in DEMs derived from lidar. The performance of the proposed model was experimentally validated using Monte Carlo simulation on 18 vertical error data-sets. Fifteen of these data-sets were computed from original lidar data provided by the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Working Group III/3, using their respective filtered reference data as ground truth. The three remaining data-sets were provided by the Natural Environment Research Council's Airborne Research and Survey Facility lidar system, together with check points acquired using high precision kinematic GPS. The results proved promising, the proposed models reproducing the statistical behaviour of vertical errors of lidar using a favourable number of check points, even in the cases of data-sets with non-normally distributed residuals. This research can therefore be considered as a potentially important step towards improving the quality control of lidar-derived DEMs.  相似文献