Variations of Seismicity in the Avachinsky Gulf (Kamchatka, Russia)     

V. Saltykov  V. Chebrov  J. Kugaenko 《Natural Hazards》1999,19(2-3):87-96

Variations of seismic mode in the region of the Avachinsky Gulf (Kamchatka, Russia) are considered. Observed anomalies (seismic quiescence, the ring seismicity, reduction of the slope of the earthquake recurrence diagram) provide a basis to consider this region as a place of strong earthquake preparation. The Kamchatka regional catalogues of earthquakes between 1962–1995 were used in the analysis. A reduced seismicity rate is observed during 10 years in an area of 150 km × 60 km in size. During the last five years, in the vicinity of the area considered, earthquakes with M > 5 occurred three times more often than the average over thirty years. It is interpreted as ring seismicity. The block of 220 km × 220~km in size, including the quiescence zone, is characterized by a continuous decrease of the recurrence diagram slope, which has reached a minimum value for the last 33 years in this region.  相似文献   

地震台站空隙角对地震定位精度的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

管勇  吴朋  马付红 《地震地磁观测与研究》2017,38(3):53-59

利用四川测震台网记录的芦山余震资料,选取20个M≥2.5地震,以Loc3D(川滇)定位方法定位结果为标准。采用MSDP中常用定位方法(HypoSAT、HYP2000、LocSAT、单纯型),在人为增减台站情况下,使得台站空隙角在25°—320°范围内任意变化,采用相同震相和相同台站对选定的地震事件进行定位,并对定位结果与标准结果对比,结果表明:震中位置在台站空隙角25°—130°任意变化时,4种定位方法效果较好,差别不大;在空隙角达到130°时,震中位移具有随着空隙角增大而逐步变大趋势;在空隙角达到190°时,单纯型法震中位移明显加大,出现随机突跳现象。总体而言,LocSAT法定位效果较好,平均震中位移2.6 km,HYP2000法平均震中位移2.8 km,HypoSAT平均震中位移4.1 km,单纯型定位效果较差,平均震中位移10.3 km。  相似文献   

2017年九寨沟7.0级地震前不同级别地震空区的演化过程分析     

张博  张辉  冯建刚  王朋涛 《中国地震》2018,34(4):765-771

结合传统地震学方法与数字地震学方法,回顾总结了日常分析预报中针对九寨沟7.0级地震开展的相关工作,梳理总结了地震前提出的甘东南地震异常信息,进一步讨论了九寨沟地震前中期、短期及临震异常特征。通过分析九寨沟7.0级地震之前区域范围内不同震级活动图像,发现甘青川交界地区5级空区在震前向震中一侧收缩、4级地震超长平静458天、3级空区在震前4天被打破的现象,同时发现,震中附近区域震源机制一致性较高,反映了震源区的高应力水平。  相似文献   

A study on relation between acoustic emission and characteristic displacement field on the sample with multi en echelon structures — The theoretic and experimental explorations of strain gap     

Chen Shun-yun  Xu Zhao-yong  Yang Run-hai  Zhao Jin-ming  Hao Jin-qi  Wang Yun-yun  Xiong Bing-heng  Wang Zheng-rong 《地震学报(英文版)》2002,15(6):656-666

Based on the phenomena that the deformation gap was observed before the great Tangshang earthquake, this paper discusses the strain gap according to test and theory. The (strain) patterns were recorded photographically by realtime holographic interferometry and shadow optical method of caustics, as soon as the loading process started. In the meantime, the AE (acoustic emission) signals were recorded by a micro crack information storage-analysis system. According to damage theory and location of micro fracture, we have studied the stain gap and gained: a) It is necessary that strain gap appears under the condition of linear elasticity theory, and its situation is relatively stable, corresponding to stress concentration. b) Micro fractures, which appear initially at area of high stress, occur rarely at the strain gap, and their locations are finally in the zone between the stress concentration area and the strain gap, which indicate the clusters or groups. However, the major macro fracture (final rupture) started from the shadow areas, and then grew quickly towards the strain gaps, which resulted in failure of sample. Foundation item: The Dual Project of China Seismological Bureau (9691309020301), the Specialized Funds for National Key Basic Study (G1998040704), the project for the MOST under contract (2001BA601B02) and Youth Funds for applied basic study of the Science and Technology Bureau of Yunnan Province (98D019Q).  相似文献   

风急流对吕宋海峡黑潮路径变异的影响及其动力机制     

常锑  王铮  袁东亮 《海洋科学》2021,45(10):1-10

为研究风急流对吕宋海峡处黑潮路径的影响,本文使用1.5层约化重力浅水模式,设置了与吕宋海峡跨度相接近的缺口宽度,考虑西边界流在西边界缺口处当处于迟滞过程的临界状态时,其路径受风急流影响的动力机制,并初步探讨了在实际海陆边界条件下,实际风急流对黑潮路径的影响。结果显示,理想情况下,当西边界流处在由入侵流态到跨隙流态转变的临界状态时,西风、南风以及西南风风急流可以激发西边界流由入侵流态转变为跨隙流态。当西边界流处在由跨隙流态向入侵流态转变的临界状态时,北风、东风以及东北风风急流可以激发西边界流由跨隙流态转变为入侵流态,并且在风急流消失后西边界流不能再恢复到初始流态。实际情况下,冬季风急流有利于黑潮入侵南海,夏季风急流有利于黑潮跨越吕宋海峡,这和理想情况下的模拟结果以及实际观测结果相一致,这对进一步研究南海北部的上层环流以及南海的质量、能量输送有重要意义。  相似文献   

西双版纳热带次生林林窗辐射特征初步研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

窦军霞  张一平  刘玉洪  马友鑫 《热带气象学报》2005,21(3):293-300

利用西双版纳不同季节热带次生林林窗、林内及旷地不同波长太阳辐射的实测资料,比较分析了热带次生林窗不同波长辐射特征。分析得出：热带次生林窗中央与北侧林冠下的不同波长太阳辐射量值在中午前后迅速达到最大后又急速下降的现象明显;林窗内不同波长太阳辐射日总量值均大于林内,小于旷地;林窗中央和北侧林冠下相比较。一般是北侧林冠下的各辐射要素总量值高于林窗中央;林窗区域的总辐射日总量在干热季最高,雨季和雨季后期次之,雾凉季时最小;林窗中央和北侧林冠下的红外辐射及可见光在总辐射中所占份额随季节的变化而不同,充分显示了林窗辐射环境的异质性;与旷地和林内相比,林窗内各测点的红外辐射在总辐射中所占份额高于旷地却低于林内,而可见光占总辐射的比值情况正好相反。  相似文献   

Culture,demography and biogeography of sponge science: From past conferences to strategic research?          下载免费PDF全文

Christine Hanna Lydia Schönberg 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(2)

Perceived changes in the culture of sponge science and sponge conferences served as motivation for an evaluation of the sponge science community and research, over time and at present. Observed changes included a decrease in proceedings publications on sponge fossils and freshwater sponges, sponges from temperate environments, review papers and data syntheses, frequency of aquarium studies, and number of species investigated per publication. Publications on recent sponges, hexactinellids, calcareans, marine, Indo‐Pacific and warm‐water sponges increased, as well as the number of authors per publication and the proportion of field studies. Studies at the level of specimens and ultrastructure were gradually replaced by molecular approaches, but studies at the community level remained stable. The five sub‐disciplines morphology/taxonomy, phylogeny/evolution, physiology, ecology and faunistics also retained about equal proportions over time. Conference publications related to taxonomy, phylogeny and biodiversity prevailed, whereas those on management and conservation were rare, possibly because studies on sponge recovery, survival and mortality were also scarce. The community of sponge scientists has grown and become more diverse over time, presently representing 72 nations. The gender distribution evened out since the first sponge conference and presently favours women at early and men at late career stages. Although stated research interests are generally dominated by physiology and ecology, taxonomy and evolution are favoured after retirement. Sponge science has become more dynamic, but maybe also more competitive and less inclusive. We now face the dual challenge of safeguarding against the loss of some sub‐disciplines, and fostering the collaborative, helpful culture characteristic of sponge science.  相似文献   

直立式防波堤口门区海啸局部冲刷规律实验研究     

陈杰  段自豪  崔懿秋  管喆  高清洋  曹城 《海洋通报》2017,36(4):475-480

海啸作为世界上最严重的自然灾害之一,其巨大的破坏力使得近海建筑物遭受了严重的损害。基于波浪水槽实验,开展海啸波作用下不同口门距离的防波堤局部冲刷机理实验研究。实验结果表明,在海啸波越顶水流产生的水跌以及海啸波通过防波堤口门时产生的扰流共同作用下,口门中心线处产生明显的局部冲刷坑,随着口门距离的增加,防波堤局部冲刷先加剧后减弱。建立防波堤局部最大冲刷深度与海啸波波高、防波堤宽度及出水高度、口门间距的关系式,揭示了最大局部冲刷深度与海啸波波高、防波堤尺寸、口门距离的内在关系。  相似文献   

中国生产控制型产业减排的居民福利和区域影响     

孙翊  钟章奇  徐程瑾  王铮 《地理科学》2015,35(9):1067-1076

基于SAM均衡建模方法,建立面向居民福利研究的中国动态多区域社会公平CGE政策模拟模型,对比分析自然情景、生产控制型减排政策情景和最优增长情景下的区域和居民福利变化。研究发现减排政策存在明显的增长率区域分异,这将破坏在自然增长下存在的区域收敛力,导致中国区域之间的差距再度被拉大。面向减排的投资控制政策短期对于居民收入的不利影响较小,但长期影响不容忽视,需要进行居民收入保护。由于城镇退休居民和农村劳动居民已经具备针对性的养老保障政策和“三农政策”保护收入增长,其总体福利受减排政策的冲击较小,因此缺乏相应政策支持的城镇劳动居民应该是收入保护的优先考虑群体。模拟显示减排政策更有利于代际和城乡人均收入差距的缩小,但考虑到减排带来的绝对收入水平下降,不能过于乐观估计这种差距缩小效应。  相似文献   

Effects of different gap filling methods and land surface energy balance closure on annual net ecosystem exchange in a semiarid area of China     

DU Qun  LIU HuiZhi  FENG JianWu  WANG Lei 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(6):1340-1351

Based on eddy covariance measurements over two kinds of land surfaces(a degraded grassland and a maize cropland)in a semiarid area of China in 2005 and 2008,the effects of different gap filling methods,energy balance closure and friction velocity threshold(u*)on annual net ecosystem exchange(NEE)were analyzed.Six gap filling methods,including mean diurnal variation(MDV),marginal distribution sampling(MDS),and nonlinear regressions method,were investigated by generating secondary datasets with four different artificial gap lengths(ranging in length from single half-hours to 12 consecutive days).The MDS generally showed a good overall performance especially for long gaps,with an annual sum bias error less than 5 g C m-2 yr-1.There was a large positive annual sum bias error for nonlinear regressions,indicating an overestimate on net ecosystem respiration.The offset in the annual sum NEE for four nonlinear regressions was from 8.0 to 30.8 g C m-2 yr-1.As soil water content was a limiting factor in the semiarid area,the nonlinear regressions considering both soil temperature and soil water content as controlling variables had a better performance than others.The performance of MDV was better in daytime than in nighttime,with an annual sum bias error falling between-2.6 and-13.4 g C m-2 yr-1.Overall,the accuracy of the gap filling method was dependent on the type of the land surface,gap length,and the time of day when the data gap occurred.The energy balance ratio for the two ecosystems was nearly 80%.Turbulent intensity had a large impact on energy balance ratio.Low energy balance ratio was observed under low friction velocity during the night.When there was a large fetch distance in a wind direction,a low energy balance ratio was caused by mismatch of the footprints between the available energy and turbulent fluxes.The effect of energy balance correction on CO2 flux was evaluated by assuming the imbalance caused by the underestimation of sensible heat flux and latent heat flux.The results showed an average increase of 10 g C m-2 yr-1 for annual NEE in both ecosystems with an energy balance correction.On the other hand,the u*threshold also have a large impact on annual sum NEE.Net carbon emission increased 37.5 g C m-2 yr-1 as u*threshold increased from 0.1 to 0.2 m s-1,indicating a large impact of imposing u*threshold on net ecosystem carbon exchange.  相似文献