表生异极矿成因研究及其找矿意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘琰  邓军  杨立强  王庆飞  周应华  高帮飞 《矿物岩石》2005,25(2):1-6

云南金顶异极矿产于铅锌矿床氧化带中,基于对该矿床异极矿产出特征、颜色环带、不同颜色环带的成份、显微结构以及其他铅锌氧化物的分析,认为异极矿是由硅酸与锌的重碳酸盐溶液反应生成。镜下异极矿集合体纤维交织结构、环带结构、毛粘状结构等显微结构特征分析表明异极矿是表生环境下形成。扫描电镜获得异极矿清晰的单晶体、集合体和晶体间充填物的图像,晶体大小约为100μm～300μm,晶体间片状充填物约为250μm。同时对云南金顶铅锌矿床和异极矿与其他地区铅锌矿床和异极矿产出特征进行比较认为：异极矿一般产出于铅锌矿床表生氧化带,在风化淋滤作用较强环境下产出,对矿床环境和原生铅锌矿床找矿有一定指示意义。  相似文献   

红河断裂带中南段断层活动转换构造岩特征及应力场演化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张秉良  刘瑞珣  向宏发  万景林  黄雄南 《岩石矿物学杂志》2008,27(6):529-537

通过对红河断裂带中南段18个糜棱岩、12个角砾岩、10个碎裂岩和8个砂砾岩详细的显微结构观察,部分典型样品的磷灰石裂变径迹(FT)测年及利用断层滑动资料反演构造应力张量的方法,获得了红河断裂带中南段断层活动转换过程微观特征的变化:断层岩为糜棱岩的微结构特征显示红河断裂带早期断层活动为左旋走滑,糜棱岩和未变形的砂砾岩FT年龄均大于20 Ma,表明这期间红河断裂带曾发生过一次构造热事件.断层岩为碎裂岩和角砾岩的微结构特征显示红河断裂带后期断层活动为右旋走滑.微结构特征不同的碎裂岩和角砾岩的FT年龄可分为3个时段(9.9～12.7 Ma、6.8～8.4 Ma、2.0～4.6 Ma),测年结果和应力场特征表明红河断裂带中新世以来曾发生过3次断层错动事件,且第1次事件应力结构为走滑型,第2、3次事件应力结构为正断型.  相似文献   

对称和非对称载荷下声发射特征的数值模拟研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘红元  唐春安  杨天鸿  李连崇 《岩土力学》2001,22(4):383-388

利用自行开发的岩石破裂过程分析RFPA^2D系统，研究了对称载荷和非对称载荷下岩样的破坏过程以及破坏过程中所呈现的声发射特征。数值模拟结果演示两种条件下由微破裂诱致宏观破坏的演化过程以及和微破裂相关的声发射事件源的空间分布特征和事件序列特征。数值模拟结果指出，和对称载荷压缩实验相比，两者的最大区别在于在非对称载荷压缩实验中局部的剪切破坏的发生以及一个更加局部化的声发射事件源分布。从物理意义上讲非对称载荷实验提供了在预定破裂路径下研究脆性破坏的方法，从声发射研究方面来说非对称实验比对称实验能更好地观察声发射事件源的局部化。  相似文献   

Description of the small plastics fragments in marine sediments along the Alang-Sosiya ship-breaking yard, India     

M. Srinivasa Reddy  Shaik Basha  S. Adimurthy  G. Ramachandraiah   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,68(3-4):656

This study aimed to assess the accumulation of small plastic debris in the intertidal sediments of the world's largest ship-breaking yard at Alang-Sosiya, India. Small plastics fragments were collected by flotation and separated according to their basic polymer type under a microscope, and subsequently identified by FT-IR spectroscopy as polyurethane, nylon, polystyrene, polyester and glass wool. The morphology of these materials was also studied using a scanning electron microscope. Overall, there were on average 81 mg of small plastics fragments per kg of sediment. The described plastic fragments are believed to have resulted directly from the ship-breaking activities at the site.  相似文献   

DEM analysis of granular crushing during simple shearing     

Sihong Liu  Chaomin Shen 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(5):522-531

In this study, simple shear tests on breakable polydisperse granular materials were simulated using two-dimensional discrete element method (DEM). A new technique of generating polydisperse DEM samples with a smooth and continuous particle size distribution curve was proposed. A modified breakage criterion was introduced to reflect the contact force anisotropy of particles in the numerical sample. The simulation results showed that during the simple shearing, grain crushing in the sample mainly occurred in the contraction process and decreased gradually when the sample began to dilate. As the shearing proceeded to a larger strain, the grain crushing tended to a stable value. This grain crushing trend was in accordance with the evolution of the average normal contact forces of particles in the sample during shearing. The average normal contact forces of potential breakage particles increased in the contraction process and decreased in the dilatancy process. A decrease in the average normal contact forces of potential breakage particles resulted in the decrease in grain crushing during the later stage of shearing.  相似文献   

Sediment burial stimulates the growth and propagule production of Spartina alterniflora Loisel.     

Zifa Deng  Shuqing An  Congjiao Zhao  Lin Chen  Changfang Zhou  Yingbiao Zhi  Hongli Li 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,76(4):818-826

Spartina alterniflora Loisel., an extensively invasive species on the Chinese coast, is a focus of increasing management concern due to its high expansion rate in estuaries and tidal zone, and the significant damage it causes to native ecosystems. In order to understand the processes and mechanisms of invasion of S. alterniflora in China, the impact of three sediment types (sand, sand–loam mixture and loam) and five buried patterns (unburied, 50% burial of initial plant height, 75% burial of initial plant height, complete burial and repeated burial) on the growth of seedlings or ramets was investigated. Results showed that each of the three factors (sediment types, burial pattern and plant materials) and interactions between/among them, significantly affected height and clonal growth, and biomass accumulation and allocation. Plant height, total biomass and number of new vegetative propagules significantly increased with progressive burial treatments. However, the complete burial treatment resulted in the death of all plant materials, and the maximum values of three parameters were found in the 50% burial or repeated burial treatments. Plant responses were determined by the instantaneous thickness of sediment of each time burial rather than by the total quantity of repeated burial. The growth of S. alterniflora was not shown to be dependent on specific types of sediment in sedimentation environment. In contrast to the unburied control, the proportion of primary tillers produced directly from initial individuals and the ratio between the aboveground and belowground biomass were greater under burial treatments. Seedlings produced more new vegetative propagules than vegetative offspring in all experimental treatments, and the former were apt to produce ramets from rhizomes rather than primary tillers. It is concluded that under various sedimentation environments, the clonal spread efficiency of seedlings was higher than that of vegetative offspring, and there is a positive feedback relationship between sedimentation and the growth of S. alterniflora. Thus, moderate sedimentation may stimulate the invasion of exotic species, S. alterniflora in coastal China.  相似文献   

X射线粉晶衍射-拉曼光谱法研究含甲烷双组分水合物结构及谱学特征     

孟庆国  刘昌岭  李承峰  郝锡荦 《岩矿测试》2021,(1):85-94

天然气水合物的晶体结构主要取决于客体分子种类与组成,目前单组分水合物的结构和谱学特征较为明确,但多组分水合物相关研究较少。为解决多组分水合物的结构识别问题,探讨其谱学特征,本文实验合成了甲烷-丙烷(CH₄-C₃H₈)和甲烷-四氢呋喃(CH₄-THF)两种含CH₄双组分水合物以及CH₄、C₃H₈和THF等三种单组分水合物,并采用低温X射线粉晶衍射(PXRD)和显微激光拉曼光谱进行了表征。结果表明:CH₄-C₃H₈和CH₄-THF双组分水合物的晶格常数a分别为17.2312×10^-10 m和17.2241×10^-10 m,为典型的Ⅱ型结构水合物,与相应C₃H₈和THF单组分水合物结构相同。在CH₄-C₃H₈水合物中,CH₄在大、小笼中均有分布,呈现两个特征拉曼峰(2900cm^-1和2911cm^-1);C₃H₈仅分布在大笼,与单组分水合物相比,其C—H伸缩振动峰峰位几无变化,而C—C伸缩振动峰(873cm^-1)向低频迁移约3cm^-1。在CH₄-THF水合物中,大笼被THF占据,CH₄仅填充在小笼中(2910cm^-1);双组分水合物中,THF分子C—C和C—H伸缩振动峰峰位均与单组分水合物基本一致。分析认为,含CH₄双组分水合物的结构类型与其相应的大分子水合物一致,大分子对双组分水合物的晶体结构特征具有决定作用。同时,大分子影响了CH₄分子在笼型结构中的分布,致使双组分水合物的拉曼光谱特征存在显著差异。研究结论对基于谱学特征识别多组分水合物微观结构具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

桂中坳陷北部下石炭统页岩储层微观孔隙结构特征     

陶金雨  申宝剑  潘安阳 《地质论评》2021,67(Z1):67z1117-67z1118

正页岩储层的孔隙结构特征对页岩气的富集具有重要影响(Loucks et al., 2007;胡宗全等,2015)。我国广西桂中地区页岩气储集孔隙精细表征的研究尚处于空白状态(毛佩筱,2018),为了推进桂中地区上古生界的页岩气勘探工作,本次研究从岩石矿物成分、有机质含量及其演化、物性、储集空间等方面,对桂中地区鹿寨组页岩气储集孔隙进行精细表征,以期为今后的页岩气勘探开发提供参考。  相似文献   

贵州丹寨汞矿方解石的微观特征及其与构造成矿关系初探     

吴为民  王子江 《矿物岩石》1993,13(3):48-54

鉴于方解石是研究低温碳酸盐型汞矿床构造应力作用的良好对象,作者对贵州丹寨汞矿床中24件方解石样品进行构造形变及构造成矿模拟试验,经光学显微镜及透射电子显微镜对比观察指出:多种应力作用叠加及微观构造形变的先后生成关系,可视为多期次构造动力作用的结果;汞矿的成矿作用和构造作用的相关和同步性,说明构造作用既可提供成矿的空间,又是促进成矿的动力。  相似文献   

煤系地层中铁质矿物微观特征研究     

解光新  王晓梅庄军 《中国煤田地质》2004,16(6):12-13,54

通过对煤系地层中菱铁质鮞粒内部结构构造和黄铁矿、白铁矿微晶特征的研究，探讨了其生成的地球化学条件、形成机理，为地层对比、沉积地球化学条件的恢复等提供了依据。并对煤炭资源的勘探开发和利用具有实用意义。  相似文献