南疆尼雅地区4000a来的地化元素分布特征与古气候环境演化的初步研究   总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11  

舒强  钟巍  熊黑钢  塔西甫拉提  高村宏毅 《中国沙漠》2001,21(1):12-18

通过应用因子分析法对尼雅剖面中的多种地化元素和氧化物的分析,在R、Q型因子分析的基础上,提取出古气候信息。初步的研究表明:近4000a来,尼雅地区气候环境仍以干旱化为主,但此期间出现过多次不同程度的干湿变化,大致可分为5个气候期:4.0~3.0kaB P.相对暖干期;3.0~2.2kaB.P.相对冷湿期;2.2~1.6kaB.P.相对暖干期;1.6~1.0kaB.P.相对冷湿期;1.0kaB.P.左右之后的相对暖干期。  相似文献   

近四十年季度天气趋势预报研究与实践的进展     

徐群 《气象科学》2000,21(3):302-308

本文总结了作者近４０年在季度天气趋势预报研究与实践的历程和主要进展。六十年代提出并利用中高纬和低纬前期大气环流特征与夏季江淮流域旱涝趋势的隔季遥联制作预报,８０年代补进一步考虑外在因子影响改进为“前期物理成因综合相似法”：１９６８～８７这２０年长江中下游夏季旱涝趋势预报取得较好成绩。随后的预报实践表明,因全球气候异常增长,预报难度有所增大。１９９５年开始建立一种短期气候系统多变因子的物理一统计预报  相似文献   

Recent 200 Years Climatic and Environmental Records From the Far East Rongbuk Ice Core, Mt. Qomolangma(Everest)     

Kang Shichang    Qin Dahe    Cameron P. Wake    Paul A. Mayewski   《地学前缘》2000,(Z1)

RECENT 200 YEARS CLIMATIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL RECORDS FROM THE FAR EAST RONGBUK ICE CORE, MT. QOMOLANGMA (EVEREST)  相似文献   

地下水补给与开采量对降水变化响应特征:以京津以南河北平原为例   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张光辉  费宇红  杨丽芝  郝明亮  申建梅 《地球科学》2006,31(6):879-884

通过对京津以南河北平原年降水量、地下水补给量和农业开采量三者动态规律及其互动关系研究表明, 年降水量减增, 同期地下水补给量与开采量呈互逆变化规律, 即降水量减小, 补给量变少, 开采量增大; 年降水量增大, 补给量较多, 开采量减小.在连续枯(丰) 水年份, 当年降水量减少(增加) 10mm时, 则地下水系统水量减少7.08 (增加7.06) mm, 水位下降(上升) 5.2~8.7cm; 在10~320mm变幅内, 当年降水量减少(增加) 10%时, 则地下水系统水量减少7.98 (增加7.67) %.气候旱化过程中降水变化对引起补给量减少和开采量增加的幅度, 大于气候增雨过程中降水变化对补给量增大和开采量减少的影响程度.因此, 需要重视连续枯水年份降水变化对地下水系统影响的应对举措, 这对于提高我国北方区域地下水资源供给安全保障具有重大意义.   相似文献   

滴灌条件下盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa）种植年限对盐碱地土壤盐分离子分布的影响          下载免费PDF全文

王旭  田长彦  赵振勇  张科  李艳红 《干旱区地理》2020,43(1):211-217

采用时空转化的方法研究了滴灌条件下不同盐地碱蓬种植年限（0 a、1 a、2 a和3 a）对重度盐碱地土壤盐分及盐离子在0~120 cm土壤剖面的分布特征的影响，为盐地碱蓬在盐碱地中的改良利用提供理论依据。试验结果表明：滴灌种植盐地碱蓬后土壤盐分在剖面的分布发生明显变化，根区（0~40 cm）土壤含盐量随种植年限增加而下降，根底（40~120 cm）土壤则先增加后下降；Na⁺和Cl^-因容易被水淋洗和植物选择性吸收多，根区土壤中Na⁺和Cl^-含量随种植年限增加有显著降低，Ca²⁺和SO₄^2-不易随水移动，淋洗程度低，HCO₃^-和Mg²⁺第2 a和第3 a的淋洗效果明显好于第1 a；经过3 a种植后土壤中毒害离子Na⁺与Cl^-和在表层盐分组成中的比例下降，Ca²⁺比例上升，钠吸附比（SAR）值显著降低。  相似文献   

Simulation of discrete cracks driven by nearly incompressible fluid via 2D combined finite-discrete element method     

Zhou Lei  Esteban Rougier  Antonio Munjiza  Hari Viswanathan  Earl E. Knight 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(9):1724-1743

In this work, we propose a novel hydraulic solver in order to simulate key mechanisms that control fluid-driven cracks in the framework of the combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM). The main innovative aspect of the present work is the independence of the fluid's critical time step size with the fracture opening. This advantage is extremely important because it means that very fine meshes can be used around areas of interest, such as boreholes, without penalizing the computational cost as fractures propagate (ie, open) and the fluid flows through them. This is a great advantage over other recently introduced approaches that exhibit a dependency of the time step in the form of Δt_crit ∝ (l/a)² where l is the element size and a is the fracture aperture. This paper presents a series of benchmark cases for the proposed solver. The rationale adopted by the authors was to benchmark and validate the implementation of the hydraulic solver in an incremental fashion, starting from the simplest cases and building in complexity. The results shown in this work clearly demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to reproduce analytical results for fluid flow through a single crack. The results presented in this paper also demonstrate that the new approach is robust enough to deal with complex fracture patterns and complex geometries; the obtained fluid-driven fracture patterns in the vicinity of a borehole certainly stand to the scrutiny of human visual perception.  相似文献   

任意时段累年气候数据统计流程优化及应用     

刘尉  吴门新  庄立伟 《气象科技》2018,46(2):250-256

任意时段累年气候数据的统计是气象部门一项常规实时(准实时)业务,需要相应业务系统的支撑。为了提高该系列数据的统计检索效率,本文对获取该数据的统计流程进行了优化,提出了优化后的原始数据逻辑分解流程,并以关系型数据库Oracle为例,利用广东省86个国家气象观测站近65年,及2313个区域自动气象站近10年逐日气象数据,进行了任意时段累年气候数据统计流程优化前后效率的对比。结果显示:基于优化前的流程,随着任意时段日期跨度的增长,数据统计效率逐步降低;而基于优化后的流程,无论任意时段起止日期的跨度大小,数据统计均可以保持很高的效率。本文将优化后的统计流程应用于广东省农业气象业务系统(AGROS)对应的功能模块,对提高系统效率、优化用户体验起到了很大作用,并进一步推动了该系统在广东全省的推广应用。对于全国各省区乃至国家级气象部门业务系统相关模块的开发也有参考价值。  相似文献   

近水平岩层滑坡启动的临界水柱高度分析     

吕美君  晏鄂川  程江涛 《岩土力学》2008,29(1):207-211

从岩性特点和外部诱发因素等方面分析了近水平岩层滑坡的形成机制,提出此类滑坡启动的主要诱发因素是暴雨或持续降雨.从力学角度讨论了滑坡启动的判别依据,推导了滑坡启动时的临界水柱高度.研究表明,裂隙水对近水平岩层滑坡启动的影响是有条件的,在滑体厚度d一定的情况下,当滑面长度L小于安全长度LS时,滑坡就会启动,否则裂隙水不足以引起滑坡的启动.同时对应于一定的滑面长度,分析了浅层、中层、厚层滑坡的临界水柱高度值.  相似文献   

DEBRIS FLOW STUDIES IN CHINA IN THE LAST 30 YEARS     

《地理学报(英文版)》1995,(4)

I.ffistoricalRevicwChinais"an1oamaincoru1tryintheworld",l11orethantwo4hirdsofitstotalterritoryisoccupiedbylnotultains.Tlespecialgeologicalbackground,gcol11orpholOgicalcolnbinationandmonsoonclilnateprovidefavourableenvirOnlnel1talfaCtorsfortheoccurrenceand…  相似文献   

Cretaceous amber inclusions of Spain and Myanmar demonstrate early diversification and wide dispersal of Cephenniitae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)     

《Cretaceous Research》2016

The taxonomic status of previously misplaced species of an ant-like stone beetle from Spanish amber (Albian) is clarified. Specimens of Kachinus magnificus (originally placed as incertae sedis within Scydmaenitae) were re-examined and their characters were found different from those of the type species of Kachinus from Myanmar amber. Consequently, Archeutheia gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate the Spanish species, resulting in Archeutheia magnifica comb. nov. Moreover, in a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis Archeutheia was placed as a sister group to extant Eutheia, within the tribe Eutheiini of Cephenniitae. A specimen of an undetermined genus from Myanmar amber clearly belonging in Cephenniini is also recorded. Both taxa represent the first definite Cretaceous Cephenniitae, a supertribe whose recent members are distributed on all continents but are especially diverse in the Oriental and East Palaearctic regions. This finding demonstrates a diversification of two presently most species-rich tribes of Cephenniitae already in Early Cretaceous. Archeutheia is strikingly similar to the extant species of Eutheia and Veraphis, showing male dimorphic characters (modified protrochanters) and antennal cavities characteristic of Palaearctic Eutheiini. This fact suggests a long morphological stability in the supertribe. A previously proposed hypothesis of an early presence of the Cephenniitae in the Northern Hemisphere is for the first time supported by the fossil record, and the palaeolocalities (western Europe and Southeast Asia) demonstrate a wide distribution of Cephenniitae in the Cretaceous and an early split of its ancestral lineage.  相似文献