牡蛎中氨基酸的傅里叶变换近红外光谱法快速定量测定     

于颖  宋金明  俞立东  孙萱 《海洋科学》2016,40(12):1-7

本文通过乘法散射校正(multiplicative scattering correction MSC)、一阶求导(1st Derivative,Db1)和Norris平滑等傅里叶变换近红外光谱定量分析数学模型,用交叉验证法确定了最优化建模参数,构建了牡蛎中氨基酸的快速定量测定方法。结果表明,牡蛎近红外光谱与氨基酸含量化学计量学拟合,线性相关系数为0.9860,交叉验证后线性相关系数为0.9794,对牡蛎样品进行检测,结果与传统的氨基酸分析仪的测试结果相比,相对误差小于2.5%,方法的精密度(RSD)小于1.0%,本文建立的傅里叶变换近红外光谱法定量分析牡蛎中氨基酸具有快速、准确、操作简便等特点,测定重复性优于氨基酸分析仪法。  相似文献   

How long does oyster shell last on an oyster reef?     

Eric N. Powell  John N. Kraeuter  Kathryn A. Ashton-Alcox 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,69(3-4):531

A reduction in population abundance, brought on by an unprecedented 6 years of low recruitment, has reduced shell input through natural mortality on Delaware Bay oyster beds. Quantitative stock surveys provide an estimate of surficial shell over the same time period, permitting the reconstruction of the time history of shell since 1998 and estimation of the rates of shell addition and loss. Shell loss rates were unexpectedly high. In most cases, half of the shell added to an oyster bed in Delaware Bay in a given year is lost over a subsequent period of 2–10 years. Unexpectedly, the shortest half-lives, typically two to three years, are at intermediate salinities. Half-lives increase upbay into lower salinity and downbay into higher salinity to about 10 years. Minimal shell doubling times were calculated under the assumption of no shell loss, a maximum accretion rate. Minimal doubling times vary from somewhat less than a decade to more than a score of years. Doubling times of decadal scale emphasize that shell has the potential to accumulate rapidly on human time scales. The rarity of definitive documentation of shell accumulation, in terms of reef vertical accretion or lateral expansion, can only be explained if most shell produced yearly does not long remain recognizably intact. Doubling times are not rapid on the scale of oyster generation time, however. Management of essential fish habitat in the estuarine realm must include management of the shell budget and management of commercial shell-producing species must include the provision of animals as carbonate producers for habitat maintenance. Shell, at least in estuarine habitats, may have low preservational potential, even in areas that, when preserved, will appear to be shellbeds. The biases in the fossil record may not be minimized in shell-rich environments of preservation because shelliness does not imply good preservability.  相似文献   

太平洋牡蛎精液的超低温保存     

李贇  王品虹  贺桂珍  赵强 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2002,32(2):207-211

利用解剖法采集太平洋牡蛎精液 ,用自然海水做基础溶液 ,配制不同浓度的 DMSO(二甲亚砜 )作为超低温保护剂 ,在液氮 (L N2 )面上不同高度进行预处理 ,投入 LN2 内保存 ,升温解冻后 ,检测精子成活率。结果表明 ,DMSO处理浓度、预处理温度及时间和升温方式对超低温保存成活率均具有显著影响。其中 ,用 10 % DMSO在 LN2 面上 17cm预处理 6 min,采用 16～ 17℃流水不完全解冻 ,效果最好 ,超低温保存精子成活率可达 70 %。与新鲜精子相比 ,在 L N2 内保存一天的精子 ,授精能力没有明显变化。  相似文献   

长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)代谢率的季节变化及其与夏季死亡关系的探讨   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

毛玉泽  周毅  杨红生  袁秀堂  文海翔  王如才 《海洋与湖沼》2005,36(5):445-451

2002年6月—2003年9月,在中国北方重要养殖海区桑沟湾,采用呼吸瓶法现场研究了两种不同规格长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)的耗氧率、排氨率及氧氮比的季节变化,从代谢水平探讨了长牡蛎夏季死亡的原因。结果表明,长牡蛎的耗氧率、排氨率以及氧氮比均具有明显的季节变化(P<0.001)。三龄牡蛎的个体耗氧率7月份最高[2.86mgO2/(ind·h)],1月份最低[0.07mgO2/(ind·h)];个体排氨率8月份最高[6.45μmol NH4-N/(ind·h)],1月份最低[0.47μmolNH4-N/(ind·h)];一龄牡蛎个体耗氧率和排氨率的变化范围分别为0.01—1.38mgO2/(ind·h)和0.04—1.66μmol NH4-N/(ind·h)。三龄个体单位个体耗氧率、排氨率高于一龄牡蛎,而单位软体干重的耗氧率、排氨率则小于一龄个体。一龄个体的氧氮比变化范围为16.7—58.0,10月份最高,一月份最低;三龄个体的氧氮比变化范围为8.7—64.0,6—7月份较高平均为52.7,8月份产卵后迅速下降到14.7,氧氮比的剧降表明该阶段长牡蛎代谢消耗了大量的蛋白质,使其体质脆弱,可能是引起三龄牡蛎夏季大量死亡的原因之一。  相似文献   

福建深沪湾晚更新世古牡蛎滩的发育与留存古环境   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

徐起浩 《海洋科学》2002,26(4):58-62

福建深沪湾晚更新世古牡蛎滩以牡蛎原生、分布面积大 ,年龄主要在25800±2490aB P～15460±420aB P之间为其主要特征 ,在牡蛎生长期间 ,深沪湾地壳抬升速率与水动型海平面上升速率相当 ,深沪湾海水深度稳定 ,海岸环境稳定 ,古牡蛎繁盛生长 ,其后深沪湾地壳抬升成陆 ,古牡蛎滩脱离海水成为牡蛎滩台地 ,距今7000a和距今2000a的两次强古地震 ,使古牡蛎滩快速下沉到潮下带和潮间带海底 ,这是深沪湾晚更新世古牡蛎滩能留存到今天的重要原因。  相似文献   

长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)微卫星克隆快速分离及特性分析   总被引：22，自引：2，他引：22  

李琪  木岛明博 《海洋与湖沼》2004,35(4):364-370

采用磁珠杂交选择和PCR筛选法，从长牡蛎DNA选择片段文库中，快速分离含有微卫星序列的阳性克隆。结果表明，在筛选的200个白色菌落中，56个克隆含有重复次数5以上的微卫星序列，其中41个(20．5％)有随机侧翼区，可以进行引物设计，12个缺乏足够的侧翼序列，3个为中断的微卫星序列。此外，还获得两个小卫星克隆。在获得的微卫星序列中，完全的占54．7％，不完全的占20．8％，复合的占24．5％。除探针中使用的CA重复单元外，还观察到CT、ACT、CGCA、CACT、GACT、GCAC、CCTTA和CCTCA的重复序列。微卫星重复次数主要集中在5-30次之间，占71．7％，最高为60次。本研究中构建的长牡蛎(CA)n富集微卫星文库将为以后开发未知微卫星标记提供帮助。  相似文献   

Stable isotope and chemical composition of pearls: Biomineralization in cultured pearl oysters in ago bay, Japan     

Hodaka Kawahata  Mayuri Inoue  Masato Nohara  Atsushi Suzuki 《Journal of Oceanography》2006,62(4):405-412

The δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C and trace element composition of pearls collected from Ago Bay, Japan, were investigated in order to evaluate biomineralization in the cultured pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii). The oxygen isotopic data suggest that the pearls were produced around 23–24°C, mainly in June to early July, which is consistent with their occurrence in the field. Therefore the pearls were produced under or close to isotopic equilibrium conditions, although they showed high calcification rates (higher than 0.2–1.0 g cm^{− 2}yr⁻¹) under which, for example, coral skeletons (calcification rate ∼0.28 g cm^{− 2}yr⁻¹) often show non-equilibrium isotope partitioning. The δ¹³C values were ∼− 2.9‰ lower than those calculated for offshore waters under equilibrium conditions. This may be due to low-δ¹³C bottom waters resulting from the degradation of organic matter (OM) or to a contribution of low-δ ¹³C food. In the latter case, a simple mass balance calculation gives a respiration component of 14%. Twelve trace elements of bulk pearl samples were classified into four groups on the basis of their enrichment/depletion patterns relative to seawater and inter-element relationships: group 1, Co, Cr, Pb; group 2, Ba, Cs, U; group 3, Cu, Sn, V, and group 4, Mn, Rb, Mo. Comparison with coral skeletons suggests that Ba and Mn (groups 2 and 4) were definitely much enriched in proteinaceous OM relative to aragonite crystals in pearls and that V (group 3) in pearls showed only slight enrichment in the organicrich layer. By contrast, the other elements showed small differences between both layers (enrichment factor of <3), suggesting that these elements occur largely in aragonite crystals.  相似文献   

The age determination and growth rate of the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, in British waters determined from acetate peels of umbo growth lines     

Richardson  C. A.; Collis  S. A.; Ekaratne  K.; Dare  P.; Key  D. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1993,50(4):493-500

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盐度对近江牡蛎幼虫生长及存活的影响     

薛凌展  阙华勇  张国范  杨笑波  方彰胜  高如承 《海洋科学》2007,31(9):73-77

采用室内培育手段,研究了盐度对近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)幼虫生长及存活的影响。将人工授精孵育的面盘幼虫分别置于盐度依次为16,25,30的砂滤海水中培育至眼点幼虫。每隔一天检测各盐度组幼虫的壳长、壳高和存活数量。结果表明,16盐度组的幼虫生长最快,25盐度组次之,30盐度组最慢。从受精后第14天开始,16盐度组幼虫的生长显著快于30盐度组(P<0.05)。在整个浮游幼虫阶段,高盐度组幼虫的存活率低于低盐度组,其中30盐度组的存活率最低。16和25盐度组在幼虫出现眼点之前均出现大量死亡现象,而30盐度组并没有出现大量死亡现象。上述结果说明,近江牡蛎幼虫经过高盐驯化,对高盐环境的抗性具有一定的提高。  相似文献   

福建太平洋牡蛎种群微卫星DNA分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈曦  黄勤  江锦祥  马平 《台湾海峡》2007,26(4):548-554

本文采用Ucdcg153、157、202微卫星引物对福建两个太平洋牡蛎(学名为长牡蛎Crassostrea gigas)养殖种群进行扩增分析和序列测定.与采自漳浦旧镇的近江牡蛎(C. ariakensis)比较,前者对以上三种引物全部呈阳性反应,后者只对Ucdcg157显阳性.与Genebank提供的相关序列比较,福建太平洋牡蛎与Genebank样品应属同源,其中漳浦霞美和厦门白礁的样品则可能代表同一种群的两个衍生品系.本项调查结果同时显示,近亲繁殖的育苗方式已经导致福建太平洋牡蛎种群裂化;任其发展不利于维护良种优势.本次采集的样品中未发现显示葡萄牙牡蛎、熊本牡蛎和美洲牡蛎微卫星特征的个体.  相似文献