黄河源区生态环境变化对湖泊效应影响的数值模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李照国  吕世华  奥银焕  文小航 《高原气象》2012,31(6):1591-1600

利用中尺度气象模式WRF,设计了陆地生态环境好转、维持现状和退化3种情境下的模拟试验,分析了夏季黄河上游鄂陵湖湖泊效应的特征和生态环境变化对该湖泊效应的影响。结果表明,夏季晴天中午至傍晚,鄂陵湖有显著的湖风环流;白天湖面感热和潜热较小,昼(夜)表现出明显的冷(暖)湖效应;湖区低层全天呈现出"湿岛"效应;受湖风作用影响,环湖陆上白天形成"湿墙"和感热高值区;随着陆地生态环境由好转到退化,湖风环流加强,环湖"湿墙"增高,湖陆边界层高度差增大,陆面感热和潜热变化显著大于湖面;陆面边界层中下部的气温和比湿主要受下垫面影响,环境退化后分别升高和减小,而在边界层顶部由于受湖风环流的作用,两者变化趋势与中下部相反。  相似文献   

WRF-EnSRF系统同化多普勒雷达资料在多类型强对流天气过程的数值试验   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

陈杰  闵锦忠  王世璋  王孝慈 《南京气象学院学报》2012,(6):720-729

利用自主构建的基于风暴尺度的WRF—EnSRF（weather research and forecasting ensemble square root filter）系统同化实际多普勒雷达资料,检验该同化系统在包括飑线、超级单体风暴和多单体风暴3个不同结构类型的强对流天气过程的同化效果,并考察了初始场扰动时不同强度的位温和水汽扰动对集合离散度以及同化效果的影响。结果表明,在3个个例中该同化系统均表现出有效的同化能力,各分析结果均比较合理,径向速度和反射率因子分析的增量均方差在经过24min同化后分别下降到3～5m／s和10dBz,并维持至60min同化结束。预报场集合离散度和同化效果对热力场的扰动强度比较敏感,适当增加初始扰动时位温和水汽的扰动强度有利于提高集合离散度和改善径向速度的分析效果。  相似文献   

RegCM3引入气溶胶间接气候效应模拟效果对比     

徐萌柳  银燕 《辽宁气象》2012,(1):1-10

利用2006年区域气候模式RegCM3和Streets气溶胶排放源清单,在原模式中引入间接气候效应模块,改进云降水方案,对硫酸盐气溶胶的时空分布、辐射强迫效应进行了模拟研究。结果表明：硫酸盐气溶胶辐射强迫有明显季节变化;直接效应使地表温度降低,冬春季大值区出现在四川盆地,夏季大值区出现在华北平原。对降水的影响,主要表现在西南—东北水汽输送带上降水减少;其间接气候效应主要表现在使南方地区温度上升、北方地区温度下降;珠江流域和黄河流域降水减少,长江流域和东北地区降水增加。总的来说,直接效应大于间接效应。  相似文献   

“6.19”湖南大范围暴雨中“列车效应”的多普勒雷达特征     

唐明晖  李巧媛  丁小剑  唐瑶 《湖北气象》2012,31(4)

利用常规气象观测探测、中尺度自动气象站资料和多普勒天气雷达资料,对2010年6月18—20日湖南省大范围暴雨过程进行分析,着重分析该过程中＂列车效应＂的多普勒雷达特征。结果表明：深厚湿层是产生高降水率的水汽来源,中低层垂直风切变使对流系统具有高度的组织性,可使强降水维持更长时间,有利于大暴雨产生;低质心、高效率的大面积降水回波（≥40 dBz）较长时间源源不断从湘北经过产生＂列车效应＂,导致湘中以北大范围暴雨甚至大暴雨;冷暖平流和辐合相叠加的径向速度特征、中气旋、低空急流的维持使＂列车效应＂长时间维持;利用多普勒天气雷达快速识别强降水回波和＂列车效应＂并对其维持时间作出预测,可为及时、准确发布暴雨预警与预报提供可靠依据。  相似文献   

北大西洋涛动位相转换的数值研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李忠燕  罗德海 《大气科学》2012,36(2):374-384

借助一个非线性准地转正压模型,模拟了基本西风气流的强弱、不同空间分布的天气尺度扰动涡对北大西洋涛动(NAO)位相转换的作用,以及大尺度双波地形对其的影响.通过一系列的对比试验发现,适当弱的基本西风气流有利于下游系统西退使NAO由正(负)位相转换为负(正)位相;振幅强、活动范围大的天气尺度扰动波是NAO由负位相转换为正位...  相似文献   

天山北坡中部一次罕见局地强降水中小尺度系统分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

赵俊荣 《气象与环境学报》2012,28(6):19-24

利用Doppler雷达产品,结合高时空分辨率的T639再分析资料,对2010年6月22日发生在天山北坡中部石河子南部山区罕见局地强降水的中小尺度系统特征和强降水发生时间与落区进行分析。结果表明：西伯利亚至巴尔喀什湖的冷低压东南象限分裂出的中尺度短波,是造成“2010622”罕见局地强降水的直接影响系统。近低层至地面的中尺度切变线、辐合线以及冷锋是局地强降水发生的触发机制。近低层存在着强盛的西南及东南暖湿气流的输送及其在山前的强烈辐合,为南部山区罕见局地强降水的发生提供了有效的水汽和不稳定能量条件。多个中-γ对流单体沿特殊地形滚动更迭是局地强降水天气落区形成的直接原因。中气旋的出现对局地强降水的发生有很好的先兆性和指示意义。强降水发生在回波强度大于50 dBz、回波顶高度大于5 km和垂直累积液态水含量大于45kg·m^-2以及中气旋的重合区域内。可用中气旋提前20 min预警短时局地强降水的发生。  相似文献   

A Numerical Study of the Urban Intensity Effect on Fog Evolution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

LIANG Zhao-Ming  GAO Shou-Ting  SUN Ji-Song 《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,5(3):240-245

The influence of urban intensity on fog evolution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region (China) is investigated numerically with the the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the urban canopy parameterization-building energy model (UCP- BEM) urban physics scheme. The experiments were designed with a focus on the influence of different urban intensities, which are represented by a different fractional coverage of natural land, buildings, and energy consumption inside buildings in an urban environment. The results of this study indicate that urban areas notably influence fog evolution when natural land is reduced to a small fraction (e.g., less than 10%). Developed land changes fog evolution through urban effects. Higher urban intensity (HUI) generally results in warmer temperatures and lower wind speeds throughout the day, while inhibiting morning specific humidity loss and afternoon specific humidity gain because of the HUI effect on surface heat flux, surface roughness, and surface moisture flux. HUI leads to later and weaker liquid water content formation, with a higher liquid water content base, primarily due to its effect on near surface temperatures. This finding implies that HUI may inhibit the conditions for fog formation. In addition, urban areas with equal natural and developed land coverage seem to greatly enhance the upward surface moisture flux, which is attributed to the combination of a relatively large potential evaporation on developed land and an ample moisture supply from natural land. As a result, the specific humidity increases in the afternoon.  相似文献   

Distinguished Effects of Interannual Salinity Variability on the Development of the Central-Pacific El Nino Events          下载免费PDF全文

ZHENG Fei  WAN Li-Ying  WANG Hui 《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,5(2):123-127

El Nio events in the central equatorial Pacific (CP) are gaining increased attention,due to their increasing intensity within the global warming context.Various physical processes have been identified in the climate system that can be responsible for the modulation of El Nio,especially the effects of interannual salinity variability.In this work,a comprehensive data analysis is performed to illustrate the effects of interannual salinity variability using surface and subsurface salinity fields from the Met Office ENSEMBLES (EN3) quality controlled ocean dataset.It is demonstrated that during the developing phase of an El Nio event,a negative sea surface salinity (SSS) anomaly in the western-central basin acts to freshen the mixed layer (ML),decrease oceanic density in the upper ocean,and stabilize the upper layers.These related oceanic processes tend to reduce the vertical mixing and entrainment of subsurface water at the base of the ML,which further enhances the warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with the El Nio event.However,the effects of interannually variable salinity are much more significant during the CP-El Nio than during the eastern Pacific (EP) El Nio,indicating that the salinity effect might be an important contributor to the development of CP-El Nio events.  相似文献   

Model Analysis of the Anthropogenic Aerosol Effect on Clouds over East Asia          下载免费PDF全文

GAO Yi  ZHANG Mei-Gen  LIU Xiao-Hong  ZHAO Chun 《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,5(1):1-7

A coupled meteorology and aerosol/chemistry model WRF-Chem(Weather Research and Forecast model coupled with Chemistry) was used to conduct a pair of simulations with present-day(PD) and preindustrial(PI) emissions over East Asia to examine the aerosol indirect effect on clouds.As a result of an increase in aerosols in January,the cloud droplet number increased by 650 cm-3 over the ocean and East China,400 cm-3 over Central and Southwest China,and less than 200 cm-3 over North China.The cloud liquid water path(LWP) increased by 40-60 g m-2 over the ocean and Southeast China and 30 g m-2 over Central China;the LWP increased less than 5 g m-2 or decreased by 5 g m-2 over North China.The effective radius(Re) decreased by more than 4 μm over Southwest,Central,and Southeast China and 2μm over North China.In July,variations in cloud properties were more uniform;the cloud droplet number increased by approximately 250-400 cm-3,the LWP increased by approximately 30-50 g m-2,and Re decreased by approximately 3 ?m over most regions of China.In response to cloud property changes from PI to PD,shortwave(SW) cloud radiative forcing strengthened by 30 W m-2 over the ocean and 10 W m-2 over Southeast China,and it weakened slightly by approximately 2-10 W m-2 over Central and Southwest China in January.In July,SW cloud radiative forcing strengthened by 15 W m-2 over Southeast and North China and weakened by 10 W m-2 over Central China.The different responses of SW cloud radiative forcing in different regions was related to cloud feedbacks and natural variability.  相似文献   

多指标融合的小波去噪最佳分解尺度选择方法1   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

陶珂  朱建军 《测绘学报》2012,41(5):749-755

借助最小均方根误差、信噪比及光滑度变化随小波分解尺度增加的收敛特性,提出了一种多指标融合的小波去噪最佳分解尺度选择方法。该方法利用信息熵来融合小波去噪过程中不同方面的变化特征,能够更全面地反映小波去噪结果与分解尺度间的对应关系;通过定量识别融合指标变化的拐点,能够有效识别小波去噪的最佳分解尺度。针对不同类型的去噪信号进行实验分析并与现有方法进行比较,验证了本文提出方法的有效性与优越性。  相似文献