一次深对流过程对不同溶解度大气化学气体成分垂直再分布作用的模拟          下载免费PDF全文

银燕  曹海宁  况祥  张昕 《大气科学学报》2020,43(3):425-434

结合MEIC大气污染物排放源清单,利用耦合了大气化学模式的中尺度气象数值模式WRF-Chem,对2016年5月6日广东地区一次深对流天气过程及其大气化学气体成分变化进行模拟,着重研究深对流系统对大气化学气体成分再分布的影响。结果表明:数值模拟较真实地再现了这次深对流天气过程中大气污染物的时空分布特征。通过计算,评估了这次对流降水对不同溶解度的大气污染气体的湿清除效率,发现湿清除过程对低溶解度大气污染气体CO、NO_2和O_3的湿清除效率几乎可以忽略不计,而对SO_2、H_2O_2和HNO_3的湿清除效率则分别达到50.8%、98.6%和38.2%。随着溶解度的增大,清除效率并不一定增大,这是因为大气物理和化学过程共同影响着气体污染物的清除效率。  相似文献   

低盐、高温诱导的条斑紫菜(Pyropia yezoensis)病烂机制研究     

杨佳丽  冯泽中  牛建峰  顾文辉  何帮翔  刘雪华  邵之卓  郑阵兵  王旭雷  王广策 《海洋与湖沼》2021,52(5):1214-1223

条斑紫菜(Pyropia yezoensis)是中国北方沿海大面积栽培的一种重要大型经济海藻。近些年,因高温等环境因子导致的烂菜时有发生,严重制约了产业的可持续发展。测定分析了不同温度(15°C和20°C)、不同盐度(20,25和30)条件对条斑紫菜叶状体光合作用参数、抗氧化酶系统活性及相关分子表达量变化的影响。发现高温(20°C)和低盐(盐度20)胁迫下会导致潜在最大量子产额(Fv/Fm)下降、非光化学淬灭Y(NO)值上升;同时,高温低盐(20°C,盐度20)条件下丙二醛(MDA)含量显著提高,表明条斑紫菜叶状体光合作用系统已受到一定的损伤。另外,过氧化氢酶(CAT)与抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性随盐度降低而下降,在盐度20和高温(20°C)时其酶活显著降低,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著上升。而荧光定量结果显示,在20°C高温条件下, SOD转录出现轻微上调。随着盐度的降低, POD转录水平显著下调。此外, 20°C高温胁迫下,低盐盐度20条件下,相关抗氧化酶系统关键基因的表达均出现显著下调,表明在高温、低盐胁迫下,藻体内氧自由基清除能力受到抑制,最终导致细胞受到氧化损伤。因此,本实验表明,在高温条件下、盐度降低导致的抗氧化系统酶活及相关基因表达受到抑制,这是紫菜病烂发生的诱因之一。  相似文献   

NUMERICAL MODELING OF CUMULUS CLOUD CHEMISTRY—PART Ⅰ.MODEL DEVELOPMENT^*          下载免费PDF全文

Zhao Chunsheng  Qin Yu 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1996,10(3):321-330

A one-dimensional cumulus cloud chemistry model(ICCCM) is developed to simulate cloud physical processes and chemical processes during the evolution of a convective cloud.The cloud physical submodel includes a detailed microphysical parameterized scheme of 20 processes.The chemistry submodel is composed of three parts:gas phase chemistry,aqueous phase chemistry and scavenging of soluble gases.The gas phase reaction mechanism contains 85 reactions among 45 species including 13 organics.The aqueous phase reaction mechanism contains 54 reactions among 40 species and 12 ion equilibria.Mass of 19 gases is transported between the gas phase and the aqueous phase.With this model,studies may be made to analyze the interactions among processes during lifetime of a cumulus cloud.  相似文献   

The Influence of Redox Reactions on the Uptake of Dissolved Ce by Suspended Fe and Mn Oxide Particles   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Eric Heinen De Carlo  Xi-Yuan Wen  Mark Irving 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1997,3(4):357-389

Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the partitioning ofrare earth elements (REE) between solution and suspended particles. Becauseof their strong tendency to complex, the REE can be used to study a varietyof marine processes and in particular particle scavenging. In this study, anemphasis was placed on examining abiotic redox processes that influence theuptake of dissolved Ce by particles. Batch sorption experiments wereconducted with REE and synthetic mineral phases over the range of pH4–9. The solutions varied in ionic strength between 0 and 0.7 M andconsisted of individual solutes (NaNO₃, NaCl, andNa₂SO₄), ionic mixtures that duplicate theseawater composition, and natural seawater. The uptake of REE from solutionwas also studied at a Pt electrode coated with using cyclic voltametry. Experimental results are consistent with uptake of dissolved Ce onto occurring by a combination of oxidativescavenging and surface complexation. The contribution of oxidativescavenging to the removal of Ce from solution is most pronounced at acidicpH, where the strictly trivalent REE exhibit little propensity for sorptiononto . Sorption of dissolved Ce onto FeOOH occursin a manner analogous to that of the other strictly trivalent REE and nocontribution from oxidative scavenging is observed on this mineral phase atlow pH. Our work also substantiates the hypothesis that anions in solution,particularly and Cl^-, aswell as those adsorbed on the surface of the particles, influence the extentof Ce uptake by . This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

藻胆蛋白脱辅基蛋白对其抗氧化活性的影响   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

周站平  陈秀兰  陈超  张玉忠 《海洋科学》2003,27(5):77-81

探讨了光照和脱辅基蛋白结构对藻胆蛋白抗免化活性的影响，结果表明，光照下，藻胆蛋白能够产生自由基，黑暗下，则能够清除自由基，因此，藻胆蛋白具有产生和清除自由基的双重功能。在光照下，用SDS（十二烷基硫酸钠)、脲及碱性条件下，对藻胆蛋白进行变性，藻胆蛋白产生自由基的能力消失，清除自由基的能力明显增强，因此，藻胆蛋白清除自由基主要由藻胆色素完成，天然状态下藻胆蛋白中脱辅基蛋白三维结构更有利于色素基团对光能的吸收与传递，这与其在体内的生理功能相一致。  相似文献   

Disequilibria between ~(210)Po and ~(210)Pb in surface waters of the southern South China Sea and their implications   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

YANG Weifeng  HUANG Yipu  CHEN Min  ZHANG Lei  LI Hongbin  LIU Guangshan  QIU Yusheng 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(1)

Naturally occurring 210Po (half-life 138.4d) is the granddaughter of 210Pb (half-life 22.3a), both are members of 238U decay series and have been inten-sively utilized to study kinetic aspects of material cy-cling in the ocean[1]. Based on radioactive disequilibria in the 226Ra-210Pb-210Po system, oceanographical processes with different timescales have been widely studied. Rama et al.[2] first detected excess 210Pb rela-tive to its precursor 226Ra in surface waters, and considered this exc…  相似文献   

On the wet removal of gaseous and particulate sulfur and nitrogen species from the atmosphere     

E. Mészáros  T. Szentimrei 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1985,2(4):405-413

The role of trace gases and aerosol particles in the control of sulfur and nitrogen levels in atmospheric precipitation is estimated on the basis of the enrichment factor in the precipitation of these elements relative to particulate matter in the air. By using air and precipitation chemistry data obtained at a Hungarian background air pollution station (K-puszta) it is found that the fraction of ammonium, nitrate and sulfate in precipitation, due to the removal of particulate matter is at least 59, 27 and 31%, respectively. The relationship between wet depositions and air concentrations of different species is determined statistically by applying daily data set. The regression equations obtained make the estimation of the sub-cloud scavenging ratios possible and they give some information on the magnitude of in-cloud scavenging processes. The results show that the in-cloud scavenging is a determining factor for precipitation sulfate, while it is relatively unimportant in the case of ammonium. The sub-cloud scavening of NO₂ and SO₂ is not too significant. However, for HNO₃, and NH₃ it is an effective process. The sub-cloud scavenging ratio of sulfur and nitrogen-containing particles varies around 0.25×10⁶.  相似文献   

不同降水强度对PM_2.5的清除作用及影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

栾天  郭学良  张天航  郭丽君 《应用气象学报》2019,30(3):279-291

云和降水过程是大气污染物的重要清除途径,但由于降水过程和大气污染颗粒物本身的复杂性,目前降水过程对大气污染物的清除机制及影响因素有待深入研究。该文利用2014年3月—2016年7月在北京地区连续观测的PM_2.5和降水数据,研究了不同降水强度对PM_2.5的清除率,以及雨滴谱、风速和降水持续时间对PM_2.5清除率的影响。研究表明:降水强度越大,对PM_2.5清除效率越高。小雨、中雨和大雨对PM_2.5清除率平均值分别为5.1%,38.5%和50.6%。小雨不但对PM_2.5的清除率最低,而且对PM_2.5的清除效果也存在很大差异,约50%的小雨个例中PM_2.5质量浓度出现减小情况,而另外50%的小雨个例中,PM_2.5质量浓度出现增加情况。在持续时间长或地面风速增大的情况下,小雨也表现出较高的清除率。在中雨和大雨情况下,PM_2.5质量浓度均出现明显减小情况。但降水持续时间和风速对中雨和大雨的清除率影响较小,这是由于中雨和大雨一般在较短时间内即可清除大部分PM_2.5,因此,对降水的持续时间和风速大小不敏感。  相似文献   

基于响应面法的鮟鱇活性肽制备工艺     

王雪芹  滕李超  于华华  邢荣娥  李鹏程 《海洋科学》2022,46(5):42-53

鮟鱇是一种低脂肪高蛋白的优质海洋生物资源, 其氨基酸含量丰富, 蛋白质含量高达75.30%。本实验选用胰蛋白酶, 胃蛋白酶, 木瓜蛋白酶和菠萝蛋白酶水解鮟鱇鱼糜, 比较各酶解产物对1, 1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的清除率, 确定木瓜蛋白酶为最佳用酶。在单因素实验基础上进行响应面优化实验, 确定酶解反应的最佳条件为: 加酶量829.51 U/g, pH值7.37, 酶解温度47.09 ℃, 酶解时间5.86 h, 液固比5.79∶1。在最优条件下验证其DPPH自由基清除率为80.22%±0.63%, 接近预测值80.55%。经响应面法实验制备的鮟鱇活性肽粉末呈淡黄色, 具有较好的抗氧化活性, 其羟自由基清除能力的IC₅₀值为1.69 mg/mL, 可作为潜在的抗氧化剂。  相似文献   

Prey spectrum of breeding sooty shearwaters (Puffinus griseus) in New Zealand     

J. B. Cruz  C. Lalas  J. B. Jillett  J. C. Kitson  P. O'B. Lyver  M. Imber 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):817-829

Prey remains from sooty shearwater (Puffinus griseus Gmelin, 1792) regurgitates, stomachs, and gizzards, were collected from four breeding colonies in southern New Zealand. We found a wide range of prey species (minimum 39 species of 35 genera), the most important of which were crustaceans (particularly euphausiid krill and hyperiid amphipods), cephalopods (notably arrow squid), fishes, and salps. Malacostracans (krill, amphipods, and decapods) were the predominant taxa of prey in both diversity and frequency of occurrence. Regurgitates were easily obtained from harvested chicks and provided the greatest range of prey remains (36 of the 39 species identified). However, these regurgitates comprised only 29% of the total number of samples collected. Fish, malacostracan, and salp prey ranged from 4 to 170 mm in size, whereas total lengths of squid ranged from 50 to 535 mm. Based on size and mass, the largest squid were undoubtedly scavenged, possibly in association with commercial fishers. The geographical distribution of prey species indicate that most sooty shearwaters breeding near Stewart Island forage in waters lying between the Subtropical and Polar Fronts. Our results suggest that the abundance of krill, the impact of fisheries and the influence of climate perturbations on prey species may play important roles in sooty shearwater breeding and survival.  相似文献