COMPARING DISTORTION ON SKETCH MAPS AND MDS CONFIGURATIONS*     

Barbara Pfeil Buttenfield 《The Professional geographer》1986,38(3):238-246

The mental images on which an individual bases spatial decisions are often distorted versions of real-world geography. Distortion in these images is studied by extracting paired distance estimates and by requesting a sketch of a place drawn from memory. Reliance upon either technique to elicit large-scale spatial information assumes that distortion in the congnitive map is not introduced by the technique (sketching or configuration) used to construct it. Both techniques have been used in this study to produce cognitive maps for a common set of landmarks in Seattle. Map distortions are analyzed and compared to determine that significant differences result from the technique used.  相似文献   

IMAGES OF MAPS: A ROTATION EXPERIMENT*     

Theodore Steinke  Robert Lloyd 《The Professional geographer》1983,35(4):455-461

Theories which explain mental imagery are discussed and are related to cognitive maps. An experiment was conducted to illustrate that people can code information about maps as visual images and use map images for a map-reading task. Subjects were shown maps which were rotated at various angles from north-at-the-top. The time needed to decide if a map was a correct or mirror representation was recorded. The results support the notion that people did this task by forming and rotating map images.  相似文献   

Chemical characterization of Lower Devonian vascular plants     

Greg Ewbank  Dianne Edwards  Geoffrey D. Abbott 《Organic Geochemistry》1996,25(8):461-473

Vegetative remains of three coalified Lower Devonian vascular plants (Zosterophyllum, Psilophyton, Renalia) were analyzed using flash pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The distributions of pyrolysis products are compared with those from younger vascular plant fossil xylem (Cordaixylon, Callixylon) and cuticle (Pachypteris). The likelihood of the chemical preservation of characteristic higher plant macromolecules (e.g., lignin and cutan) in the Lower Devonian plant fossils is considered in light of this comparison and associated thermal maturity assessments. Reflectance values from vitrinite-like macerals, which may not be vitrinite sensu stricto in the Lower Devonian host rocks for the fossils selected for this study, are shown to provide a reasonable assessment of the thermal maturity of these early vascular plant fossils. Although lignin altered through burial maturation is the most likely source of the prominent alkylphenols and aromatic hydrocarbons in the Lower Devonian tracheophyte flash pyrolysates, a contribution from thermally modified tannins cannot be ruled out. Comparison of the highly aliphatic pyrolysates from the Zosterophyllum and Psilophyton axes with that of a thermally mature fossil gymnosperm leaf revealed that cutan was an important component in the Devonian plant remains. This is the earliest chemical evidence for the presence of cutan in vascular plants.  相似文献   

北京城市意象空间及构成要素研究   总被引：70，自引：7，他引：70  

顾朝林  宋国臣 《地理学报》2001,56(1):64-74

本文通过照片辩认和认知地图调查试图对北京城市意象空间进行研究。结果表明：北京市的城市意象空间是天安门广场为中心，以长安街和二不、三环、四环路以及前门大街等道路骨架形成的网格状系统。该网状系统以二环路为界，划分为内、外两个城区。在内城区，在道路框架的 基础上，由地标、节点、功能区等要素共同组成城市意象；而在外城区，则只有部分地标要素起主导作用。行政区对于整个市区居民只有模糊的意象。综合起来看，影响北京城市意象空间的主要要素是道路、地标和节点。  相似文献   

Basic-Level Geographic Categories*     

Robert Lloyd  David Patton  Rex Cammack 《The Professional geographer》1996,48(2):181-194

As we experience places, we learn about those places and generalize information into more abstract geographic categories. Rosch's basic-level theory argues that information known about objects is stored in our memories in a three-layered hierarchy. Data that could be used to test this theory in a geographic context was generated by having subjects make lists of activities, characteristics, and parts associated with 11 familiar geographic categories. An analysis of the distribution of information among the geographic categories confirmed two basic predictions of Rosch's theory. Significantly more information was stored in the basic-level geographic categories country, region, state, city, and neighborhood than in the superordinate category place. Significantly more information was not stored in subordinate categories home country, home region, home state, home city, and home neighborhood. The results suggest that geographic information is efficiently stored in memory so that much of what we know about geographic space is stored in basic-level categories that are both distinctive and informative.  相似文献   

关于维管植物大化石保存方式术语的商榷   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王祺  郝守刚 《地质论评》2001,47(6):577-583

本文讨论了维管植物大化石保存方式中使用的术语，发现其中存在一些问题，主要表现在：（1）对化石化作用使用的术语经常与植物大化石保存方式所使用的术语混为一谈；（2）对同一术语不同的作者可能有不同的解释。这种状况很容易造成认识上的混乱。作者回顾了相关的讨论，并运用图解的方式对维管植物大化石的保存类型作了归类和比较的进一步讨论，建议把化石化作用所使用的术语和植物大化石保存方式所使用的术语合理地分开，从而尽可能地避免术语使用上的混乱。  相似文献   

我国心脑血管病的医学气象研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

杨贤为  叶殿秀 《气象科技》2003,31(6):376-380

回顾了20世纪80年代以来我国心脑血管病医学气象研究的主要成果，总结分析了这些研究的结论、进展和不足，提出加强和改进此类研究的建议和对策。  相似文献   

基于认知心理学的模式识别模型框架   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王树根 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2002,27(5):543-547

从人类视觉认知机理和认知心理学的基本理论出发，介绍了视觉模式识别的三种主要匹配模型的特点，以及目标背景和视觉注视点对模式识别结果的影响，分析表明，人类视觉认知机理是计算机模式识别的理论基础，认知心理学对计算机模式识别的实际研究工作具有理论指导意义。  相似文献   

A Commentary on the Use of Touch for Accessing On‐Screen Spatial Representations: The Process of Experiencing Haptic Maps and Graphics     

Reginald G. Golledge  Matthew Rice  R. Daniel Jacobson 《The Professional geographer》2005,57(3):339-349

The growth of the Internet and the digital revolution have meant increased reliance on electronic representations of information. Geospatial information has been readily adapted to the world of cyberspace, and most Web pages incorporate graphics, images, or maps to represent spatial and spatialized data. But flat computer screens do not facilitate a map or graph experience by those who are visually impaired. The traditional method for compensating for nonvisual access to maps and graphics has been to construct hard‐copy tactile maps. In this article, we examine an electronic accommodation for nonvisual users—the haptic map. Using new and off‐the‐shelf hardware—force feedback and vibrotactile mice—we explore how touch can be combined with virtual representations of shapes and patterns to enable nonvisual access to onscreen map or graphic material.  相似文献   

CT在急诊脑血管病和脑外伤诊断上的应用     

李安敏  任自强 《CT理论与应用研究》1997,6(4):46-48

本文总结回顾了ＣＴ在７８例急性脑外伤和脑血管病中应用，认为ＣＴ在帮助临床上定位，定性诊断中具有重要价值，为临床正确诊断和治疗手段上提供了客观准确的依据。  相似文献