一次冰雹过程的惯性重力波观测及数值模拟   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

覃卫坚  寿绍文  高守亭  李启泰 《地球物理学报》2010,53(5):1039-1049

使用高灵敏度的电容式微压波传感器对1998年4月11日16时发生在贵州省普定县的一次降冰雹过程的重力波进行观测,利用WRF（Weather Research and Forecast）中尺度模式对这一过程进行数值模拟,使用Morlet小波方法对模拟结果进行分析,得出这一过程中惯性重力波的分布和变化规律,并分析急流、地形及切变线对惯性重力波的影响.观测发现：在降冰雹前,每隔1~4小时出现一次短周期重力波阵性增强的现象.数值模拟结果显示：在低空降冰雹前几个小时有强的短周期重力波出现,其中周期较长的出现早、存在时间长,周期较短的出现晚、存在时间短;强的低空急流和风速垂直切变触发对流或湍流的发生和加强,对流或湍流又激发了80~200 min的短周期重力波;短周期重力波更容易向垂直方向传播,而长周期重力波倾向于水平方向传播.长周期重力波在降冰雹后周期有明显变短现象,随高度越加明显.由地形形成的重力波在最高山峰上空振幅最大.  相似文献   

四川广汉机场云的周期性变化特征          下载免费PDF全文

张甦  张振州  郝丽萍  李子良 《气象与环境学报》2011,27(1):30-34

基于1986-1995年民航广汉机场气象台逐日逐时人工观测资料,利用统计分析,带通滤波方法、功率谱分析和小波分析等方法,分析了广汉机场云的周期性变化。结果表明：广汉机场主要受层积云Sc、积云Cu两种低云影响,且二者具有相反的日变化特征,碎层云Fs、雨层云Ns、碎雨云Fn等出现频率很低。广汉机场云量的变化明显具有60-120d的准季节周期、30-60d季节内周期和10-20d准双周振荡。  相似文献   

Wavelet and Neuro‐fuzzy Conjunction Approach for Suspended Sediment Prediction     

Taher Rajaee 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2010,38(3):275-286

Simulation approaches employed in suspended sediment processes are important in the areas of water resources and environmental engineering. In the current study, neuro‐fuzzy (NF), a combination of wavelet transform and neuro‐fuzzy (WNF), multi linear regression (MLR), and the conventional sediment rating curve (SRC) models were considered for suspended sediment load (S) modeling in a gauging station in the USA. In the proposed WNF model, the discrete wavelet analysis was linked to a NF approach. To achieve this aim, the observed time series of river flow discharge (Q) and S were decomposed to sub time series at different scales by discrete wavelet transform. Afterwards, the effective sub time series were added together to obtain a useful Q and S time series for prediction. Eventually, the obtained total time series were imposed as inputs to the NF method for daily S prediction. The results illustrated that the predicted values by the proposed WNF model were in good agreement with the observed S values and gave better results than other models. Furthermore, the WNF model satisfactorily estimated the cumulative suspended sediment load and produced relatively reasonable predictions for extreme values of S, while NF, MLR, and SRC models provided unacceptable predictions.  相似文献   

小波分析在前兆资料处理中的应用     

苏莉华  何香玲  陈蕊  陈睿  成娜 《高原地震》2010,22(3):16-22

利用小波变换分析了河南省2003~2007年地磁、地电、地下流体以及2004~2008年断层气CO2等前兆资料,并将断层气CO2的分析结果与河南省4级以上地震进行了震例研究。结果表明,小波分析方法对不同频率的信息识别功能较强,有助于将数据的趋势变化和局部变化分离,是地震前兆数据处理的一种有效方法;断层气CO2的震例研究表明,在豫北地区4级以上地震前1~6个月,断层气CO2会出现高值突跳异常。  相似文献   

大容量气枪震源子波时频特性及其影响因素   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

夏季  金星  蔡辉腾  徐嘉隽 《中国地震研究》2016,30(3):364-379

通过分析福建街面水库气枪实验的近场水听器记录,研究气枪子波时频特性及其受沉放深度和工作压力的影响,并结合气泡模型解释气泡振荡过程。数据分析表明：①气枪子波由主脉冲和气泡脉冲组成。主脉冲振幅大,持时短,频带宽,通常应用于浅部探测;气泡脉冲能量集中在低频段,垂直穿透深,水平传播远,通常应用于深部探测。②随沉放深度的增加,主脉冲振幅变化很小,气泡脉冲振幅增加,初泡比减小,气泡周期减小,低频段主频增加。沉放深度为10m时,主脉冲振幅和初泡比最大,可应用于浅部探测;沉放深度为25m时,气泡脉冲振幅很大,初泡比最小,可应用于深部探测。③工作压力增加时,主脉冲振幅、气泡脉冲振幅、初泡比、气泡周期等随之增大,低频段主频则减小。  相似文献   

Automated Segmentation of Resistivity Image Logs Using Wavelet Transform     

Marina Hruška  William Corea  Donald Seeburger  William Schweller  William H. Crane 《Mathematical Geosciences》2009,41(6):703-716

We describe a wavelet-transform-based method for automated segmentation of resistivity image logs that takes into account the apparent dip in the data and addresses the problem of discriminating lithofacies boundaries from noise and intrafacies variations. Our method can be applied to borehole measurements in general, but might have an advantage when applied to resistivity image logs as it addresses explicitly the large variability in facies segments recorded with a high-resolution multiple-sensor tool. We have developed an algorithm based on this method that might outperform other existing segmentation methods in the cases of low to moderate dip. We made a detailed comparison of the segmentation from our method with the one done by a geologist to delineate different lithofacies blocks in a well drilled in a deepwater depositional environment. Our results show considerable success rates in reproducing the geologically defined lithofacies boundaries, and the generality of our procedure suggests it could also be applied to other depositional environments.  相似文献   

Differential modulation of eastern oyster (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Crassostrea virginica</Emphasis>) disease parasites by the El-Niño-Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation     

Thomas M. Soniat  Eileen E. Hofmann  John M. Klinck  Eric N. Powell 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(1):99-114

The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) is affected by two protozoan parasites, Perkinsus marinus which causes Dermo disease and Haplosporidium nelsoni which causes MSX (Multinucleated Sphere Unknown) disease. Both diseases are largely controlled by water temperature and salinity and thus are potentially sensitive to climate variations resulting from the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which influences climate along the Gulf of Mexico coast, and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which influences climate along the Atlantic coast of the United States. In this study, a 10-year time series of temperature and salinity and P. marinus infection intensity for a site in Louisiana on the Gulf of Mexico coast and a 52-year time series of air temperature and freshwater inflow and oyster mortality from Delaware Bay on the Atlantic coast of the United States were analyzed to determine patterns in disease and disease-induced mortality in C. virginica populations that resulted from ENSO and NAO climate variations. Wavelet analysis was used to decompose the environmental, disease infection intensity and oyster mortality time series into a time–frequency space to determine the dominant modes of variability and the time variability of the modes. For the Louisiana site, salinity and Dermo disease infection intensity are correlated at a periodicity of 4 years, which corresponds to ENSO. The influence of ENSO on Dermo disease along the Gulf of Mexico is through its effect on salinity, with high salinity, which occurs during the La Niña phase of ENSO at this location, favoring parasite proliferation. For the Delaware Bay site, the primary correlation was between temperature and oyster mortality, with a periodicity of 8 years, which corresponds to the NAO. Warmer temperatures, which occur during the positive phase of the NAO, favor the parasites causing increased oyster mortality. Thus, disease prevalence and intensity in C. virginica populations along the Gulf of Mexico coast is primarily regulated by salinity, whereas temperature regulates the disease process along the United States east coast. These results show that the response of an organism to climate variability in a region is not indicative of the response that will occur over the entire range of a particular species. This has important implications for management of marine resources, especially those that are commercially harvested.  相似文献   

华北时变重力场离散小波多尺度分解   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

刘芳  祝意青  陈石 《中国地震》2013,29(1):124-131

利用华北地区地震重力监测网的绝对重力与相对重力多期重复观测资料,处理获取不同时空尺度的华北区域重力场动态变化图像.利用二维小波分解技术,将不同场源深度异常进行了分离,并对不同时空尺度的重力变化给出了解释,提高了对华北地区重力场变化趋势的认识水平.在此基础上,通过对小波细节的功率谱分析,可以获得各阶小波变换逼近及小波细节分析图所对应的场源深度.研究结果表明,不同时空尺度的重力场变化对于深入认识华北地区潜在地震危险性具有一定的科学意义.  相似文献   

喜马拉雅东构造结周边地区地壳磁异常分布特征研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

康国发  高国明  白春华  王天媛  王一咪  朱腾 《地球物理学报》2013,56(11):3877-3886

根据波茨坦地磁场模型(POMME6.2),研究喜马拉雅东构造结周围地区地壳磁异常的空间分布、磁异常随高度的衰减特征.利用二维小波变换方法对地表磁异常进行分解,分析小波细节组合和逼近信号的异常特点.讨论磁异常与地质构造的联系.结果表明,研究区内地壳磁异常分布相当不均匀.喜马拉雅—东构造结—龙门山—大巴山地区分布着较强的负磁异常;四川盆地为正磁异常,其他地区磁异常较弱.东构造结对周围地区磁异常有重要影响,它及其周围地区的地壳磁异常都是在负磁或弱磁异常背景上,叠加着中短波长的正负磁异常.这些中小尺度磁异常由中、上层地壳磁性物质产生,走向与地质构造基本一致.沿金沙江、红河断裂带分布着清晰的弱磁异常带.龙门山断裂带、丽江—小金河断裂带和红河断裂带是磁异常强弱过渡带.青蒇高原中部东西向的磁异常,在东构造结弧顶地区呈弧形分布.青藏高原中部和滇中地块带状、团状磁异常具有相同的衰减规律.  相似文献   

电性源时域地空电磁数据小波去噪方法研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

李肃义  林君  阳贵红  田培培  王远  于生宝  嵇艳鞠 《地球物理学报》2013,56(9):3145-3152

基于飞艇的时间域地空电磁探测系统,具有勘探深度大、效率高、空间分辨率高、飞行控制容易等优势.但在低空飞行测量过程中,飞艇飞行高度、航迹、姿态等受风向、大气气流、地形、地面局部温度场变化等影响而发生变化,导致固定在艇囊前端的接收线圈发生运动,切割大地磁场,产生了电磁噪声、运动噪声、基线漂移等,从而影响电磁数据的电阻率成像质量.因此,研究地空电磁信号中多种噪声的去除方法,对数据的反演解释非常重要.由于地空电磁信号中有效信号频带与部分噪声频带相重叠,使用传统滤波或消噪方法具有一定局限性.因此,本文提出一种综合小波去噪法:根据地空电磁信号的特点,采用sym8小波基;基于小波多分辨率分析原理,利用小波高尺度近似分量估计基线漂移,以校正电磁数据中的基线;基于小波阈值收缩原理,采用5层小波分解、极小极大阈值配合硬收缩函数的消噪方法,来压制数据中的其余噪声.最后,通过异常环模型的理论响应和实测数据进行算法的验证,结果表明这种综合消噪法对多种噪声均有很好的抑制作用,是一种实用有效的时间域地空电磁数据消噪方法.  相似文献