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71.
Does heavy oil pollution induce bacterial diseases in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus? 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Jun-Young Song Kei Nakayama Yasunori Murakami Sung-Ju Jung Myung-Joo Oh Satoru Matsuoka Hidemasa Kawakami Shin-Ichi Kitamura 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):889
As basic research for the effect of heavy oil on the fish immune system, in this study, the number of leukocyte was counted in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, after exposure to heavy oil at a concentration of 30 g/8 L for 3 days. To compare the numbers of bacteria in the skin mucus between oil-exposed and control fish, viable bacteria were enumerated by counting colony forming unit (CFU). Compared with 5.79 ± 1.88 × 107 leukocytes/mL in the controls, the exposed fish demonstrated higher counts, averaging 1.45 ± 0.45 × 108 cells/mL. The bacterial numbers of control fish were 4.27 ± 3.68 × 104 CFU/g, whereas they were 4.58 ± 1.63 × 105 CFU/g in the exposed fish. The results suggest that immune suppression of the fish occurred due to heavy oil stressor, and bacteria could invade in the mucus, resulting in the increasing leukocyte number to prevent infectious disease. 相似文献
72.
Toxicogenomic analysis of immune system-related genes in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) exposed to heavy oil 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Kei Nakayama Shin-Ichi Kitamura Yasunori Murakami Jun-Young Song Sung-Ju Jung Myung-Joo Oh Hisato Iwata Shinsuke Tanabe 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,57(6-12):445
Heavy oil contamination is one of the most important environmental issues. Toxicities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including immune toxicities, are well characterized, however, the immune toxic effects of heavy oil, as a complex mixture of PAHs, have not been investigated. In the present study, we selected Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) as a model organism, and observed alteration of immune function by the exposure to heavy oil. To analyze the expression profiles of immune system-related genes, we selected 309 cDNAs from our flounder EST library, and spotted them on a glass slide. Using this cDNA array, alteration of gene expression profiles was analyzed in the kidneys of flounders exposed to heavy oil. Six Japanese flounders (mean body weight: 197 g) were acclimated to laboratory conditions at 19–20 °C. Three fish were exposed to heavy oil C (bunker C) at a concentration of 3.8 g/L for 3 days, and the others were kept in seawater without heavy oil and used as the control. After the exposure period, the fish were transferred into control seawater and maintained for 4 days, and then they were dissected and their kidneys were removed. Total RNA was extracted from the kidney samples to use in gene expression analyses. The microarray detected alteration of immune system-related genes in the kidneys of heavy oil-exposed flounders, including down-regulation of immunoglobulin light chain, CD45, major histocompatibility complex class II antigens and macrophage colony-stimulating factor precursor, and up-regulation of interleukin-8 and lysozyme. These results suggest that pathogen resistance may be weakened in heavy oil-exposed fish, causing a subsequent bacterial infection, and then proinflammatory genes may be induced as a defensive response against the infection. Additionally, we found candidate genes for use as biomarkers of heavy oil exposure, such as N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 and heat shock cognate 71 kDa proteins. 相似文献
73.
AMP deaminase catalyzes the conversion of AMP into IMP and ammonia. In the present study, a full-length cDNA of AMPD1 from skeletal muscle of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus was cloned and characterized. The 2 526 bp cDNA contains a 5’-UTR of 78 bp, a 3’-UTR of 237 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 2 211 bp, which encodes a protein of 736 amino acids. The predicted protein contains a highly conserved AMP deaminase motif (SLSTDDP) and an ATP-binding site sequence (EPLMEEYAIAAQVFK). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the AMPD1 and AMPD3 genes originate from the same branch, but are evolutionarily distant from the AMPD2 gene. RT-PCR showed that the flounder AMPD1 gene was expressed only in skeletal muscle. QRT-PCR analysis revealed a statistically significant 2.54 fold higher level of AMPD1 mRNA in adult muscle (750±40 g) compared with juvenile muscle (7.5±2 g) (P<0.05). HPLC analysis showed that the IMP content in adult muscle (3.35±0.21 mg/g) was also statistically significantly higher than in juvenile muscle (1.08±0.04 mg/g) (P<0.05). There is a direct relationship between the AMPD1 gene expression level and IMP content in the skeletal muscle of juvenile and adult flounders. These results may provide useful information for quality improvement and molecular breeding of aquatic animals. 相似文献
74.
大西洋牙鲆幼鱼标准代谢的初步研究 总被引：26，自引：5，他引：21
测定了大西洋牙鲆幼鱼在禁食和静息状态下的呼吸耗氧率、氨氮排泄率和CO2排出率;研究了它们的呼吸商、氧氮比、能量代谢的特征和能源的化学本质。结果表明,大西洋牙鲆在水温10.8～21.5℃时,其耗氧率Q10=2.336,代谢率的体重系数b=0.832。白天能量代谢率为2.00J/(h·g),夜间能量代谢率为1.474J/(h·g),白天是夜间的1.357倍,最高值出现在09:00(上午),代谢率为2.525J/(h·g),最低值在03:00(夜间),代谢率为1.147J/(h·g)。在水温4～26℃时大西洋牙鲆平均呼吸耗氧率为0.123mg/(h·g);氨氮排泄率2.654μg/(h·g);CO2排出率0.135mg/(h·g);代谢率1.773J/(h·g);O∶N=38.8;呼吸商为0.791。大西洋牙鲆以蛋白质、脂肪和糖类3种营养物质的混合物为能源,随着温度的升高和个体的生长O∶N比值增加,即代谢底物中蛋白质用于氧化供能的比例相对减少,用于生长的比例增加。 相似文献
75.
外源激素对养殖牙鲆血浆睾酮和雌二醇含量的影响研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
雄性牙鲆单独注射促黄体激素释放激素类似物(LHRH-A)(每千克质量的注射量,下同)25μg/kg或人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)1 000 IU/kg,血浆睾酮(T)含量在注射后6 h大幅度降低,12h时达到最低值,以后逐渐回升;LHRH-A与hCG联合注射[LHRH-A(12.5μg/kg)+hCG(500 IU/kg)],注射后6 h血浆T含量剧烈下降,24 h时达到最低点,以后缓慢回升;对照组雄鱼血浆T含量随着采样进行而呈现降低趋势.雌鱼单独LHRH-A后,血浆雌二醇(E2)水平逐渐下降,24 h时达到最低值,30 h后略有回升;单独注射hCG后,血浆E2含量缓慢下降,30 h达到最低值;LHRH-A与hCG联合注射,注射后6 h血浆E2含量逐渐下降,24 h时达到最低点,30 h时缓慢回升.对照组雌鱼血浆E2水平也随着采样的进行而逐渐降低.结果表明:单独或联合注射LHRH-A和hCG降低了雌、雄牙鲆血浆E2和T含量,与对照组结果相同. 相似文献
76.
条斑星鲽早期发育生物学研究——受精卵的形态、生态和卵胚发育特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
条斑星鲽(Verasper moseri)的受精卵为圆球形、分离透明、无油球的悬浮卵。卵膜具粗波纹状的纹络。卵黄均匀,浅黄色或米黄色。卵径平均为1.70 mm±0.02 mm。卵黄囊径1.57 mm±0.025 mm。卵黄间隙狭窄,约为0.11 mm。受精卵的可孵化水温为6.0~11.0℃,最适孵化水温8.0~10.0℃。可孵化盐度为27.00~36.00,最适孵化盐度为33.00~35.00。受精卵在不同盐度的海水中,呈现不同的生态分布特征。在水温8.0~10.0℃,盐度33.00,光照500~6000 lx,pH值7.5~8.4的孵化条件下,受精卵约历时216 h孵化出膜,出膜方式以头部首先破膜为主。优质卵的孵化率可达90%以上。在条斑星鲽胚胎发育过程中,原肠期及原肠期以前的时期对温度的敏感性明显强于原口关闭后各个发育时期。卵胚卵裂期的不同步分裂现象要比其他硬骨鱼类提前,出现在第三次卵裂时期。多细胞期的裂球均一程度较低。在孵化育苗生产中,出现大量带有"空泡"的不正常的卵胚和前期仔鱼。该研究结果为比较鲆鲽鱼类早期发育过程提供了基础参考资料,同时揭示作为冷温性鱼类条斑星鲽受精卵发育过程中出现的特殊规律,从而为该鱼种进一步大规模苗种生产提供了理论依据。 相似文献
77.
Staudinger MD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(4):734-740
Total mercury was analyzed as a function of body length, season, and diet in four commercially and recreationally important marine fish, bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix), goosefish (Lophius americanus), silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis), and summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), collected from continental shelf waters of the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Mercury levels in the dorsal muscle tissue of 115 individuals ranged from 0.006 to 1.217 μg/g (wet weight) and varied significantly among species. The relationship between predator length and mercury concentration was linear for bluefish and summer flounder, while mercury levels increased with size at an exponential rate for silver hake and goosefish. Mercury burdens were the highest overall in bluefish, but increased with size at the greatest rate in silver hake. Seasonal differences were detected for bluefish and goosefish with mercury levels peaking during summer and spring, respectively. Prey mercury burdens and predator foraging habits are discussed as the primary factors influencing mercury accumulation. 相似文献
78.
以新型蛋白源(大豆浓缩蛋白、脱酚棉籽蛋白、喷雾血球蛋白粉)分别替代基础饲料(D0)中17% (D17)、35% (D35)、52% (D52)和 69% (D69)的鱼粉, 配制 5 种等氮等能的饲料, 饲喂星斑川鲽幼鱼[初始体重(75.6±0.18)g] 60d, 以考察鱼粉替代对星斑川鲽幼鱼氨基酸组成的影响。结果表明, 试验组肌肉 Arg 和 His 含量显著增大(P<0.05), Thr 含量差异不显著(P>0.05), 其它必需氨基酸(EAA)含量均显著降低(P<0.05); 试验组全鱼 EAA 总量无显著性差异(P>0.05)。 D69 组肝脏天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶/丙氨酸氨基转移酶(AST/ALT)显著低于其它各组(P<0.05); 血清 AST及AST/ALT随鱼粉替代量的增加显著增大(P<0.05)。 本试验条件下, 当替代饲料中35%的鱼粉时, 饲料 EAA 消化率及试验鱼肌肉和全鱼氨基酸组成均无显著性差异, 替代比例进一步加大, 会对试验鱼肝脏生理功能产生影响。 相似文献
79.
In order to elucidate the state of diseases, especially viral diseases, and to prevent viral diseases from occurring in olive flounder hatcheries, a range of studies, including epidemiological study, were performed from 1997 to 2003. The location of the hatcheries investigated includes several representative sites in the east （Kangnung, Uljin, Pohang, Yangsan, Ulsan, Pusan）, south （Wando, Changheung, Goheung, Yeosu, Namhae, Tongyeong, Geoje, Jeju） and west （Seosan, Kunsan, Gochang, Yeongkwang, Mokpo, Chindo） costal areas of the Korea Peninsula. A total of 2000 cases have been examined in 7 years, in which mortality caused by viral agents accounts for 22%, or 446 cases. Mortalities associated with viral infection considerably increased from 14% in 1997 to 27% in 2003. A variety of viral diseases were observed, and the occurrences of viral epidermal hyperplasia, viral ascites and viral deformity, viral nervous necrosis, and hirame rhabdoviral disease are 14%, 51%, 25%, and 8% respectively. By investigating the viral infection of broodstock flounder, the infection rate of marine birnavirus （MABV） in hatcheries was identified to be approximately 30%, therefore, it is highly necessary to acquire and keep non-infected broodstock fishes. 相似文献
80.
在人工养殖的条件下(自然光照,水温为11~16.3℃),对初始平均体质量为29.64g±5.98g的条斑星鲽(Verasper moseriJordan et Gilbert)幼鱼1周年的生长和生态转化效率进行定期测定。结果显示:条斑星鲽的体长和体高在实验期间皆呈直线增长;体质量的增长可以分为两个阶段:前期呈指数生长,后期为直线增长。体长和体质量呈指数函数关系:W=10-5L3.0226,r=0.9893。条斑星鲽幼鱼周年的生长率和生态转化效率都较高,属于高生长类型鱼类;生态转化效率周年波动范围是34.16%~91.07%,特定生长率的周年波动范围是0.170~1.527。 相似文献