三疣梭子蟹几丁质酶基因(PtCht6)的克隆及其在免疫中的功能分析     

宋柳  吕建建  王磊  孙东方  刘萍 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(5):1080-1090

几丁质酶(chitinase)在甲壳动物的蜕皮、消化和免疫等很多生物学过程中发挥重要功能,为深入探讨几丁质酶的免疫防御机制,本实验利用RACE技术克隆了三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)PtCht6基因。该基因cDNA全长2736bp,开放阅读框(ORF)2103bp,编码700个氨基酸,具有几丁质酶GH18家族典型特征。利用实时荧光定量技术分析PtCht6在三疣梭子蟹不同组织、不同蜕皮阶段、不同病原感染以及低盐胁迫(11)下的表达特征,结果显示:PtCht6在各组织中均有表达且在肝胰腺中的表达量最高;在不同蜕皮时期的肝胰腺中,其表达量由蜕皮后期(A/B)、蜕皮间期(C)、蜕皮前期(D)依次递减(P0.05);人工感染WSSV和副溶血弧菌后.PtCht6的表达量在肝胰腺中分别于12h、72h达到最大值,在血细胞中均于12h达到最大值,且相较于对照组,整体显著上调表达(P0.05);低盐胁迫能够显著抑制该基因的表达,最高抑制73倍(P0.05)。同时发现,低盐环境下感染WSSV后,该基因达到峰值的时间明显延迟(至少延迟12h.P0.05)。该研究结果预示PtCht6作为免疫因子参与三疣梭子蟹的病原防御,且低盐胁迫在一定程度上抑制了该基因的免疫功能。  相似文献   

The Cabo Frio upwelling overrides geographical patterns in the population dynamics of the shrimp Artemesia longinaris Spence Bate, 1888 (Decapoda: Penaeidae)     

Abner Carvalho‐Batista  Joo Alberto Farinelli Pantaleo  Antonio Leo Castilho  Rogrio Caetano da Costa 《Marine Ecology》2019,40(2)

Upwelling areas are among the most productive ecosystems on the planet, influencing the biology of marine organisms. This study investigated the population dynamics of the shrimp Artemesia longinaris in two regions in southeastern Brazil, one inside (Macaé—Rio de Janeiro State) and one outside (Ubatuba—State of São Paulo) the Cabo Frio upwelling area. The aim was to verify the influence of the upwelling phenomenon on the abundance, growth, longevity, size of sexual maturity, and reproductive period of the species. In total, 188,902 individuals were captured at Macaé and 3,461 at Ubatuba. Individuals captured at Macaé showed larger maximum size, higher longevity, and slower growth rate, besides reaching sexual maturity at larger sizes than at Ubatuba. Continuous reproduction was observed in both regions, with juvenile recruitment peaks in spring and summer. Local conditions observed at Macaé were influenced by the Cabo Frio upwelling zone, characterized by productive and cooler waters that are around 20°C during most of the year. The upwelling phenomenon is probably the main factor influencing the population parameters studied here, changing the geographic patterns previously observed for the variation of these parameters in A. longinaris.  相似文献   

福州市地表温度热点及时空变化分析     

陈冰倩  张友水  程璟媛  赵雪 《地球信息科学学报》2019,21(5):710-719

中国作为世界第一大发展中国家,近年来城镇化发展迅速,大量自然地表转化为人工地表,从而引起了一系列环境问题,其中以城市热岛问题最为显著。因此如何缓解因城市化进程的加快引起的城市热岛效应已成为热门研究方向。为精确分析城市空间格局对热集聚的影响,本研究利用2000年5月4日的Landsat ETM+和2016年7月27日获取的Landsat OLI两期遥感影像,获取福州市的土地覆盖信息并进行精度验证。在地表温度（Land Surface Temperature, LST）反演基础上通过热点分析（Getis-Ord Gi*）,并结合不透水面（Impervious Surface Area, ISA）信息来研究城市化进程中福州市16 年来 LST的变化特性,空间集聚特性及其产生的尺度效应。热点分析结果显示：① 通过分析福州市内各地和热点中心的距离与LST的关系可较好地反映空间热聚集。2000 年在距热点中心0.97、1.03、0.95 km范围内热聚集明显;2016 年则增长到分别在距热点中心半径1.89、2.01、2.10、2.05、2.13 km范围内热集聚显著且热点区数量也从3 个增加至5 个。热集聚区（热点区和较热区）总面积在此期间从15.7%增至47.3%;② 由于热点图中的热点区和冷点区的形成不单取决于LST的高低,因此热点分析与空间自相关分析方法相比,能更直观地分析土地覆盖变化对LST的影响,了解城市内部热强度变化的细节。本研究采用的热点分析方法可用于城市环境保护与规划,将来还可作为城市土地规划与热环境影响的分析依据。同时可利用热点分析图模拟城市微气候,估算城市绿地降温程度等。此外,未来还可基于此进一步探讨更多时相以及不同城市的对比分析,特别是对不同城市类型如带状城市,多中心城市及中心城市等的研究。  相似文献   

White spot syndrome virus envelope protein VP124 involved in the virus infection     

ZHU Yanbing  WU Chenglin  YANG Feng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(4):130-136

White spot syndrome virus （WSSV） is one of the major shrimp pathogens causing large economic losses to shrimp farming. In an attempt to identify the envelope proteins involved in the virus infection, purified WSSV virions were mixed with three antisera against WSSV envelope proteins （VP39, VP124 and VP187 ）, individually. And then they were injected intramuscularly into crayfish （Procambarus clarkii） to conduct in vivo neutralization assays. The results showed that for groups injected with virions only and groups injected with the mixture of virions and antiserum against VP124, the crayfish mortalities were 100% and 60% on the 8th day postinfection, individually. The virus infection could be delayed or neutralized by antibody against the envelope protein VP124. Quantitative PCR was used to further investigate the influence of three antisera described above on the virus infection. The results showed that the antiserum against VP124 could restrain the propagation of WSSV in crayfish. All of the results suggested that the viral envelope protein VP124 played a role in WSSV infection.  相似文献   

Seasonal and spatial variation in abundance and egg production of Paracalanus parvus (Copepoda: Calanoida) in/out Jiaozhou Bay, China     

X.H. Sun  S. Sun  C.L. Li  G.T. Zhang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(4):637-643

The spatial distribution of stage-specific abundance and reproduction of the copepod Paracalanus parvus were studied from October 2005 to September 2006 in the Jiaozhou Bay. This copepod occurred continuously in this bay throughout the year. The species reached the lowest abundance in April and peaked in June. From October to December, distribution center mainly occurred in offshore water and at the mouth of the bay. In winter, early copepodites and adults gradually decreased and till February, most of the population was only comprised of CIV–CV stages. Overwintering copepodites matured in March and males tended to mature before female. From May to September, each stage occurred in the population and gradually reached high abundance. Temperature and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentration in the three stations can't clearly explain the seasonal variation in stage-specific abundance, so we surmised the important effect of the Yellow Sea. Egg production rate (EPR) reached its lowest in winter and peaked in June at 60.8 eggs female⁻¹ day⁻¹ in nearshore water. In the warming period, EPR in nearshore water was statistically higher and EPR > 10 eggs female⁻¹ day⁻¹ lasted longer than that in offshore water, showing the importance of nearshore water for recruitment of P. parvus. Our study showed that EPR was positively related to temperature and total chlorophyll a in offshore water and mouth of the bay. In nearshore water, the relationships between EPR and temperature and Chl-a in three size fractions were not the same as those in offshore water, suggesting complicated ecosystem in such a eutrophic area in warming period.  相似文献   

虾蟹混养塘中WSSV对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)致死效应的定量研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王忠发  王志铮  许文军  何伟贤  顾松叶 《海洋与湖沼》2008,39(2):184-189

采用实时荧光定量PCR法,在对白斑综合症多发的虾蟹混养塘内三疣梭子蟹体内病毒含量进行定量跟踪检测的基础上,结合电子显微镜及病理切片,对室内经口服、注射两种回感模式处理已感染白斑综合症病毒的濒死三疣梭子蟹体内病毒含量进行实验验证,并观察其体内主要器官组织的病理改变。结果表明,受白斑综合症病毒感染的三疣梭子蟹存活与死亡取决于蟹体内病毒含量,当病毒含量≥109拷贝/ml时均进入濒死或死亡阶段,其主要器官组织均有明显的病理改变。  相似文献   

厦门文昌鱼人工繁育批量生产技术研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

周仁杰  方琦 《台湾海峡》2007,26(1):121-128

2005年5月21日至7月6日从厦门市翔安区欧厝附近海域采集文昌鱼亲体6批共计550余尾，移入室内进行强化培育．7月16日和17日夜间，培育的亲体自然排放精卵并受精，共获得受精卵125万粒．受精卵孵化获得浮游幼体115万尾，孵化率达92．0％．孵化的幼体经25d较高密度人工培育，获得99．2万尾体长0．31～0．72cm的文昌鱼苗及未成苗浮游幼体；分苗疏养后，又经28d继续培育，存活的幼体几乎全部潜入沙层中，最终获得体长0．55～1．30cm的厦门文昌鱼潜沙苗23．2万尾，其53d育苗成活率达20．7％．这是国内外首次人工培育获得成批量的文昌鱼增养殖苗种．进而于2005年11月6日向厦门文昌鱼自然保护区实施了国内外首次的文昌鱼资源人工增殖放流．  相似文献   

营养限制对三种浮游动物的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈蕾  李超伦  周孔霖  时永强  刘梦坛 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(4):58-68

Nutrient imbalance—a mismatch in nutrient ratios between the available food supply and the demands of consumers—has the potential to be transported up food chains,exposing zooplankton to nutrient limitations.In this study,the response of Calanus sinicus(copepod),Moina mongolica(cladocera),and Brachionus plicatilis(rotifer) to nutrient-limited(no-limited,P-limited,and N-limited) food were evaluated from the perspective of growth,reproduction,and stoichiometric homoeostasis.The results indicated that the growth of three species was suppressed under nutrient-limited(especially P-limited) conditions.However,the effect of nutrient limitations on their reproduction was species-specific.For C.sinicus,the dietary UFA(unsaturated fatty acid) as a major phospholipid component affected their egg production and total FA supporting energy promoted the hatchability of eggs.Furthermore,excess carbon in the diet promoted egg production but reduced hatching success.For M.mongolica,nutritional(P and UFA) and energy(total FA) support affected their fecundity.B.plicatilis fecundity exhibited the same pattern of growth(no-limitedN-limitedP-limited).In terms of stoichiometric homeostasis,B.plicatilis' s elemental compositions were less likely to be affected by nutrient limitations than M.mongolica.We suggest that the effects of nutrient imbalances could potentially become an evolutionary force affecting ecosystem structure and stability in eutrophic waters.  相似文献   

山东半岛漂浮铜藻和底栖铜藻气囊及生殖托的形态学比较分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

庞云龙  刘正一  丁兰平  付晚涛  于淑贤  孙作登  秦松 《海洋科学》2018,42(3):84-91

铜藻(Sargassum horneri)是主要分布于北太平洋西部的暖温带性海藻,是我国海藻场的重要组成物种之一,对于海洋环境、渔业资源具有重要支撑作用。除底栖生活外,铜藻可营漂浮生活。气囊和生殖托是铜藻适应漂浮生活的重要结构,但是二者与漂浮生活相适应的结构特点尚研究有限。本文对漂浮铜藻和底栖铜藻气囊、生殖托的数量以及主要形态学特征进行了统计学分析,结果显示:漂浮铜藻气囊体积显著小于底栖铜藻(P0.01),漂浮铜藻生殖托个数远少于底栖铜藻(P0.01),推测铜藻为了适应漂浮生境,其漂浮能力和有性生殖能力已经发生改变。  相似文献   

一种水产动物病毒现场检测免疫芯片的制备与应用   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

徐晓丽  绳秀珍  战文斌 《海洋与湖沼》2010,41(5):698-706

采用原子力显微镜对氨基化玻片及6种不同方法修饰玻片进行表面特征分析,并比较了硝酸纤维素(NC)膜、PVDF膜以及以上不同修饰玻片对抗体的固定效率、固定效果,最终选择琼脂糖修饰玻片作为芯片载体。将纯化后的兔抗血清(捕获抗体)点样至琼脂糖修饰玻片上,制备免疫芯片,与待检样品(病毒感染的靶器官组织)匀浆液孵育形成复合物,该复合物被辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记的特异性单克隆抗体(单抗)识别,经底物显色,得到肉眼可见的检测结果。通过改变芯片制备及应用过程中的具体条件参数,对各条件进行了优化,并采用生物素-链亲和素(BAS)标记特异性单抗作为检测抗体以提高检测灵敏度。基于此夹心免疫分析原理制备的WSSV、LCDV现场检测免疫芯片,病毒的最低检出量分别为82.50ng/ml、0.88μg/ml,在一定的抗原浓度范围内,病毒浓度的对数值与信号强度呈线性关系;采用BAS放大检测信号后,病毒的最低检出量为12.38ng/ml、0.22μg/ml。该免疫芯片与酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)及免疫荧光法(IFAT)对同种样品的检测结果高度一致。  相似文献