晚中生代地球表层重大地质事件的陆地环境剧变与生物群演替响应   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

柳永清  旷红伟  姬书安  吕君昌  刘燕学  江小均  彭楠  陈铭培  李家华 《地学前缘》2009,16(5)

晚中生代时期华北东北部发育燕辽生物群、热河生物群和阜新生物群陆地生物群。它们的快速演变过程和华北克拉通上同时期发育的岩石圈减薄、大面积强烈岩浆活动、变质核杂岩及伴随的伸展盆地等地球表层重大地质事件并行发生,表现着地壳表层系统圈层间的相互作用和响应。生物群的繁盛与灭绝与地球表层大规模岩浆-火山活动(髫髻山组—张家口组和大北沟组—义县组)发育时代高度协同一致。地球表层重大地质事件直接或间接地控制或改造着地球表层古地理和古生态环境,生物群只得调整自身去适应环境和生态背景的改变。火山-岩浆活动改变着地质-生态环境,生物群都紧密联系多期次火山-岩浆活动,化石也都被埋葬在沉积-火山碎屑岩中。华北克拉通破坏重大地质事件发生响应于全球变化和统一地球表层系统。盆地沉积充填序列、特殊陆相环境沉积建造、特殊环境沉积物等记录了响应的古地理、古环境变化与响应。陆地生物群分布、演化、更替与精确定年,脊椎-无脊椎生物(化石)埋葬特征,生物演化速率、消长关系和生物群(组合)更替的形式和性质,以及脊椎动物骨骼、牙齿的常量、微量元素、H-B-C-N-O-S和C-O-Sr等地球化学特征的研究可以恢复和重建古地理、古生态环境和古生态系统。  相似文献   

Paradoxes of modern geoecology   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

V. T. Trofimov 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2009,64(4):203-213

Six paradoxes of modern geoecology as a science are described: the many-sided manner of understanding the content of geoecology, the absence of definite and, especially, of generally accepted theoretical problems of geoecology, the ambiguous attitude of researchers-geoecologists to the necessity of studying the state of biota, the insufficiently considered problem of the inter-disciplinary manner of geoecology, and different points of view on the problems of studying the effects of natural and anthropogenic factors on ecosystems. The causes of these paradoxes are formulated, and the main methods for overcoming them are indicated.  相似文献   

岩体裂隙三轴应力渗透规律的试验研究   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10  

郑纲 《工程地质学报》2004,12(1):30-33

利用三轴应力渗透仪分别对煤矿底板的硬岩和软岩进行三轴应力渗透试验 ,观测渗水量、围压、轴压及水压的变化。  相似文献   

电离层TEC预报的直接法和间接法及其比较   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李志刚  李伟超  程宗颐  冯初刚 《天文学报》2008,49(1):29-44

提出用时间序列分析理论中的ARIMA(p,d,q)模型对电离层进行预报的直接法及间接法.直接法也就是对每个网格点上的电子总含量所形成的时间序列进行直接预报.间接法为:首先对电离层电子总含量用球谐函数拟合得到拟合系数的时间序列;再用时间序列分析理论中的ARIMA(p,d,q)模型对拟合系数进行预报;然后计算出对应时刻所需点的电子总含量.利用2004年1月1日至2005年1月31 International GPS Service(IGS)所给出的电离层资料对提出的两种方法进行检验和比较,结果表明,在12天以内,上述两种方法的预报结果基本一致,长于12天的预报时,间接法的精度高于直接法.在20天时间内,预报值与已知值之差小于3个TECU的电离层点数占总点数的百分比基本上都在80%左右;随着时间的推移,这个比值的下降对直接法并不明显,而对间接法则有所下降.显然,直接法适用于区域性的电子总含量的预报;而间接法适用于全球性的电子总含量的预报.  相似文献   

大气角动量函数在日长变化非线性预报中的重要作用     

王琪洁  廖德春  周永宏  廖新浩 《天文学报》2008,49(1):93-100

日长变化具有复杂的时变特性,传统的线性时间序列分析方法往往难以取得良好的预报效果.采用非线性人工神经网络技术对日长变化进行预报,网络模型的拓扑结构由最小均方误差法来确定.考虑到日长变化与大气环流运动间的密切关系,在神经网络预报模型中引入轴向大气角动量序列.结果表明,联合日长和大气角动量序列,比起单独采用日长资料,预报精度得到显著的提高.  相似文献   

Frosted granular flow: A new hypothesis for mass wasting in martian gullies     

Chris H. Hugenholtz 《Icarus》2008,197(1):65-72

Recent gully deposits on Mars have been attributed to both wet and dry mass wasting processes. In this paper frosted granular flow (FGF) is presented as a new hypothesis for recent mass wasting activity in martian gullies. FGF is a rare type of granular flow observed on a talus slope in the Province of Québec, Canada [Hétu, B., van Steijn, H., Vandelac, P., 1994. Géogr. Phys. Quat. 48, 3-22]. Frost reduces dynamic inter-particle friction, enabling flows to mobilize onto relatively low slope gradients (25-30°) compared to those involving dry granular flow of the same material (35-41°). Resulting erosional and depositional features include straight to sinuous channels, levees and digitate to branching arrangements of terminal deposits. Similar features are commonly found in association with geologically-young gully systems on Mars. Based on terrestrial observations of FGF processes the minimum criteria required for their occurrence on Mars include: (i) readily mobilized, unconsolidated sediment at the surface; (ii) an upper slope gradient at or near the angle of repose; (iii) frost accumulation at the surface; and (iv) triggering by rock fall. All four conditions appear to be met in many areas on present-day Mars though triggering mechanisms may vary. Compared to terrestrial FGFs, which are lubricated by thin liquid films at inter-particle contacts, those occurring on Mars are more likely lubricated by vaporization of CO₂ and small amounts of H₂O frost that becomes incorporated in the translating mass. Some recent mass wasting activity in martian gullies, therefore, could be interpreted as the product of FGF.  相似文献   

联合GEE与多源遥感数据的黑龙江流域沼泽湿地信息提取     

宁晓刚  常文涛  王浩  张翰超  朱乾德 《遥感学报》2022,26(2):386-396

湿地是地球上最重要的生态系统之一,在维持全球生态环境安全等方面发挥着举足轻重的作用.由于湿地独特的水文特征,传统的湿地监测需要耗费大量的人力和财力,对于大尺度的湿地信息提取更是困难重重.随着大数据和云计算的兴起,为大尺度和长时间序列的空间数据处理提供了契机.本文基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)云平台...  相似文献   

复杂应力路径下堆石体本构模型比较验证   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张宗亮  贾延安  张丙印 《岩土力学》2008,29(5):1147-1151

目前对堆石体应力-应变关系特性的研究主要建立在常规三轴试验的基础上,对复杂应力路径上堆石体本构模型的验证工作尚不充分。利用糯扎渡高心墙堆石坝主堆石料复杂应力路径大型三轴试验成果,对国内常用的堆石体本构模型--邓肯-张EB模型、清华非线性解耦KG模型和沈珠江双屈服面模型进行了比较和验证。结果表明,邓肯-张EB模型通常会夸大堆石体的体积压缩变形,其加卸载准则无法正确判别一些复杂应力路径的加卸载状况,清华KG模型和沈珠江双屈服面模型对堆石体复杂应力路径的适应性相对较好。  相似文献   

珠峰地区似大地水准面精化与珠峰顶正高的确定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

郭春喜  宁津生  陈俊勇  王斌  陆洋  孙凤华 《地球物理学报》2008,51(1):101-107

本文使用珠峰及其周边地区的重力数据与SRTM3、1∶50000 DEM、GTOPO30地形数据,以该地区的44个GPS水准点为控制,选择国内外的EGM96、WDM94、IGG05B、DQM2000D和CG03C作为参考重力场模型,采用移去-恢复技术,首次完成了珠峰地区分辨率为2.5′×2.5′高精度似大地水准面,其精度达到±9 cm,并据此推算了珠峰顶高程异常值. 再利用登山线路上的新测重力点与珠峰地形数据,依据严格的重力归算理论及移去-恢复技术,完成了珠峰顶似大地水准面与大地水准面差值计算,即珠峰正常高与正高的换算.  相似文献   

Dynamic properties and liquefaction resistance of two soil materials in an earthfill dam—Laboratory test results     

V.C. Xenaki  G.A. Athanasopoulos 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(8):605-620

Results are presented of laboratory resonant column and cyclic triaxial tests on specimens of two compacted soils (a sandy–silty clay and a sand–gravel mixture), planned to be used in the core and the shells, respectively, of a proposed earthfill dam. The values of low-amplitude shear modulus of the clayey material were found to increase with increasing confining pressure and decreasing water content, with deviations of ±20% from the predictions of the “Hardin equation”. On the other hand, the low-amplitude damping ratio was found to be at least four times higher than the values corresponding to natural undisturbed cohesive soils. The proposed G/G₀−γ_c curve for the compacted cohesive soil was found to be independent of confining pressure and small variations of the water content on either side of the optimum value and showed a remarkable agreement with recently published similar curves for natural cohesive soils. For the case of the sand–gravel mixture, normalized G/G₀–γ_c and D–γ_c curves are proposed, based on recently published results for gravelly soils and the limited data of the present study. The liquefaction resistance of the saturated sand–gravel mixture was found to be strongly dependent on its relative density, especially for high values of cyclic stress ratio. A relative density of at least 55% was found to be necessary to assure safety against earthquake-induced liquefaction of the material. The results presented herein may be used (directly or as guide) in the seismic analysis of (new or existing) earth dams constructed from similar soil materials and in addition they provide insight into the dynamic behavior of compacted soils.  相似文献