Validation of a chrysophyte stomatocyst‐based cold‐season climate reconstruction from high‐Alpine Lake Silvaplana,Switzerland     

Rixt De Jong  Christian Kamenik 《第四纪科学杂志》2011,26(3):268-275

For the reliable assessment of past climate variability, quantitative reconstructions of seasonal temperatures are required. Currently, reconstructions of cold‐season temperatures are scarce, because most biological proxies are biased towards the growing season. Here we test the potential of chrysophyte stomatocysts (or simply ‘cysts’; siliceous resting stages of the golden‐brown algae) as a proxy for cold‐season temperature. Climate reconstructions based on biological proxies are commonly constructed using transfer functions derived from calibration in space. However, the performance of these reconstructions is rarely tested by direct comparison with meteorological data due to limitations of sample resolution or chronological control. We compare a cyst‐based near‐annual reconstruction of ‘date of spring mixing’ from the varved sediments of Lake Silvaplana (Swiss Alps) spanning AD 1870–2004 with climate variables from the same period measured at the lake shore. The high correlation between cyst‐based ‘date of spring mixing’ and cold‐season temperature demonstrates the ability of chrysophyte cysts to archive cold‐season temperature variability. Lake eutrophication, which was extensive during the last 50 years, had no obvious effect on the cyst‐based reconstruction. This study underlines the high potential of chrysophyte cysts as a quantitative proxy for cold‐season climate reconstructions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

应用时间序列分析法对太湖叶绿素-a含量的动态研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

龚绍琦  黄家柱  李云梅  黎刚 《海洋与湖沼》2008,39(6):591-598

叶绿素-α是湖泊浮游植物现存量的重要指标，其含量能反映水中浮游植物的丰度和变化规律。研究叶绿素含量的动态变化，可以有效防止、监控湖泊富营养化的发生。以太湖为研究对象，根据其营养水平进行分区，使得不同区域内叶绿素的浓度不同，而同一区域内浓度大体一致，然后利用地理信息系统技术对每个区域内未采样点的叶绿素浓度进行插值，取区域内所有栅格的平均值作为其最终浓度。应用时间序列分析方法对太湖1998-2004年每月的叶绿素含量进行动态模拟，建立各湖区的预测模型。结果表明，中营养区I符合MA（1）模型，轻富营养区Ⅱ和中富营养区Ⅲ符合AR（1）模型，富营养区Ⅳ符合MA（5）模型，重富营养区V符合AR（6）模型。由此预测出2005年各湖区总叶绿素的含量，经前10个月实测数据的验证说明，所建模型在一定程度上能反映太湖各区域叶绿素浓度的变化。  相似文献   

Characterization of humic substances in salt marsh soils under sea rush (Juncus maritimus)   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

C. Santín  M. Gonzlez-Prez  X.L. Otero  P. Vidal-Torrado  F. Macías  M.. lvarez 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(3):541-548

Humic substances (HS) from salt marsh soils were characterized and the relationships among HS composition and some geochemical factors were analysed. For this, three salt marshes with the same vegetation cover (Juncus maritimus), but with different geochemical characteristics, were selected. The qualitative characterization of the soil humic acids and fulvic acids was carried out by elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and VACP/MAS ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.HS from salt marsh soils under sea rush (Juncus maritimus) displayed some shared characteristics such as low degree of humification, low aromatic content and high proportion of labile compounds, mainly polysaccharides and proteins. However, although the three salt marsh soils under study were covered by the same type of vegetation, the HS showed some important differences. HS composition was found to be determined not only by the nature of the original organic material, but also by environmental factors such as soil texture, redox conditions and tidal influence. In general, an increase in the humification process appeared to be related to aerobic conditions and predominance of sand in the mineral fraction of the soil, while the preservation of labile organic compounds may be associated with low redox potential values and fine soil texture.  相似文献   

辽西金羊盆地南部陆相红层土城子组旋回层序划分及盆地演化     

刘文海  潘明臣  敖光  付民秋  刘基超 《国土资源》1999,(2)

辽西金羊盆地南部陆相红层土城子组较为发育，其沉积物具明显旋回性。根据岩石组合、结构、构造、沉积相及环境变化等分析，土城子组自下而上可划分为一个Ⅱ级旋回层序、两个Ⅲ级旋回层序、五个Ⅳ级旋回层序、十六个Ⅴ级旋回层序及若干个Ⅵ级旋回层序。在区域构造作用下，金羊盆地在土城子期经历了两次湖扩张→湖萎缩过程，分别对应下部的冲积扇→干化湖和上部的冲积扇→风成沙漠→河流环境。  相似文献   

Spartina maritima (cordgrass) rhizosediment extracellular enzymatic activity and its role in organic matter decomposition processes and metal speciation     

Bernardo Duarte  Pedro R. Almeida  & Isabel Caçador 《Marine Ecology》2009,30(S1):65-73

Seasonal monitoring was carried out to investigate the influence of extracellular enzymatic activity (EEA) on metal speciation and organic matter cycling in the rhizosediment of Spartina maritima . Heavy metal speciation was achieved by the Tessier scheme, and showed a similar pattern of variation of the organic-bound fraction, indicating a decomposition process in progress. Both humic acid and organic matter showed the same seasonal pattern. The basal respiration of the rhizosediments also presented a similar seasonal pattern, indicating a microbial degradation of organic matter. The high organic-bound fraction found in the summer gradually decreased towards the winter. This decrease was found to be related to the increase of activity of peroxidase, β- N -acetylglucosaminidase and protease. Also the activity of sulphatase was found to be related to the depletion on the exchangeable fraction, probably due to sulphide formation and consequent mobilization. The results show an interaction between several microbial activities, affecting metal speciation.  相似文献   

Marsh expansion at Calaveras Point Marsh, South San Francisco Bay, California   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Elizabeth Burke Watson   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,78(4):593-602

Studies of shoreline progradation along low-energy vegetated shorelines have been limited, as these environments are generally experiencing erosion rather than deposition, with extreme erosion rates frequently found. This study examined yearly changes along a vegetated shoreline at Calaveras Point Marsh, South San Francisco Bay, California, using aerial photography, to determine the roles of climatic, watershed, and coastal process in driving shoreline changes. In addition, sediment accumulation was monitored on a yearly basis at 48 locations across the marsh to determine the role of geomorphic factors in promoting accumulation. Calaveras Point Marsh was found to have expanded from 49.26 ± 5.2 to 165.7 ± 4.7 ha between 1975 and 2005. Although the rate of marsh expansion was not positively correlated with yearly variability in precipitation, local streamflow, delta outflow, water level observations, population growth, or ENSO indices, marsh growth was greater during years of higher than average temperatures. Warmer temperatures may have promoted the recruitment and growth of Spartina foliosa, a C₄ grass known to be highly responsive to temperature. Other factors, such as the formation of a coastal barrier, a recent change in the location of the mouth of the Guadalupe River, and channel readjustment in response to diking are credited with driving the bulk of the marsh expansion. Sediment accumulation was found to be high closest to channels and to the shoreline, at low elevations and in recently vegetated marsh. Globally, the pace of sea level rise exerts the primary control on wetland development and persistence. However, at local geographic scales, factors such as tectonic events, modifications to natural sediment transport pathways or land use changes may overwhelm the effects of regional sea level rise, and allow for wetlands to develop, expand and persist despite rapid sea level rise.  相似文献   

The benthic macrofauna of the St. Lucia Estuary during the 2005 drought year     

D. Pillay  R. Perissinotto 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

The St. Lucia Estuary is the largest estuarine system in Africa. The estuary is part of the Greater St. Lucia Wetland Park, which has been declared a World Heritage Site. This ecosystem has been subjected to severe drought conditions over the last four to five years, resulting in its mouth being closed off from the ocean in June 2002 for a period of over four years. The main aim of this study was to document the effects of the prevailing drought on the macrofauna of the system, since the last work on this benthic component had been undertaken over a decade ago, during a normal-to-wet phase. Macrofauna samples together with physico-chemical data were collected at representative sites in the Narrows, and the South and North lakes in February, April, August and October 2005. The drought exerted a strong influence on the system, leading to hypersaline conditions developing in its northern regions (maximum of 126 at Hell's Gate), and to the loss of aquatic habitat. Ordinations and clustering indicated that the macrofauna of the system could generally be separated into three clusters viz. (1) the Narrows and the southern portion of South Lake, (2) the northern half of South Lake, and (3) the North Lake–False Bay complex. Multivariate correlations indicated weak relationships between macrofaunal community structure and physico-chemical parameters. The distinction in macrofaunal assemblages between these clusters was probably caused by these habitats being physically separated at the peak of the drought, with no water flow between them, thereby preventing exchange of planktonic larvae and retarding colonisation of habitats. There was a northward decline in taxonomic richness and diversity of macrofauna in the system, which correlated positively with water depth and negatively with the biomass of microphytobenthos. It is evident that the drought structured macrofauna communities primarily through its effects on water depth and habitat fragmentation. The results of this investigation provide valuable information regarding the effects of droughts on estuarine–lake systems and the possible mechanisms by which they occur.  相似文献   

青藏高原腹地湖泊沉积粒度特征及其古环境意义_^*          下载免费PDF全文

田庆春  石小静  石培宏 《盐湖研究》2020,28(1)

选择青藏高原腹地可可西里为研究区,通过对该区湖泊沉积物粒度参数的分析,并且与其他环境代用指标进行比较。探讨了中更新世以来可可西里地区的环境演变。结果表明：粒度参数的变化特征可以很好的指示湖泊水位的变化,能反映湖区气候的变化情况,而粒度参数所指示的湖泊水位波动及环境变化得到了其他环境代用指标很好的支持了。说明对沉积物粒度研究是恢复区域气候环境变化的一种有效途径。同时该区湖泊沉积物粒度参数的变化规律和深海氧同位素曲线在冰期-间冰期旋回尺度上有较好的一致性,但也出现不同的变化特征,说明本区既表现出全球一致的气候特征,但也受区域气候变化影响,这可能与青藏高原的抬升有一定关系,因此,本研究对研究区域气候与全球气候之间的关系有重要意义。  相似文献   

溶液化学专刊          下载免费PDF全文

庞登科 《盐湖研究》2019,27(1)

The present work are extract cesium (Cs_⁺) and rubidium (Rb_⁺) from the salt lake brine containing the potassium (K_⁺) and magnesium (Mg_²⁺) after concentrated through evaporation. It has excellent effect of extraction that 4-sec-butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl) phenol (t-BAMBP) was diluted in the Sulfonated Kerosene (SK). The infrared spectrum studies indicate that polymerize to form the dimer in the t-BAMBP when Cs_⁺ or Rb_⁺ were extracted. The effect of K_⁺ and Mg_²⁺, t-BAMBP concentration, the volume ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase (O/A) and the alkalinity(pH) of aqueous phase were investigated. The K_⁺ and Mg_²⁺ should be eliminated through precipitation before extraction and separation Cs_⁺ and Rb_⁺. The experimental brine was extracted of optimum conditions were using 0.8 mol/L t-BAMBP in SK, the pH exceed 13, and O/A of 1:1 for 2 min contact time under room temperature. The optimal extraction yields of Cs_⁺ and Rb_⁺ up to 100% and 85.8%, and 8.76% K_⁺ was co-extracted. Further work target to increase theSextractionSyield and selectivity ofSRb_⁺, and realize the efficient seperation of Cs_⁺ and Rb_⁺ products .  相似文献   

Evaluating lacustrine groundwater discharge to a large glacial lake using regional scale radon-222 surveys and groundwater modelling     

Hayley Wallace  E. J. Wexler  Spencer Malott  Clare E. Robinson 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14165

Lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) can be an important pathway for delivering pollutants to lakes but this pathway is often poorly characterized. Evaluating the potential impact of LGD on lake water quality requires understanding the magnitude and spatial variability of LGD, as well as understanding the age and flow paths of the discharging groundwater (e.g., recharge area, groundwater flow paths, and travel times). This study first compares LGD rates along two ~40 km shoreline lengths of a large glacial lake, Lake Simcoe, Canada, that were independently estimated via a radon-222 (²²²Rn) field survey and via regional scale groundwater-surface water modelling. Backward particle tracking analysis is then used to examine the age and flow paths of the LGD and thereby assess the potential for the LGD to deliver anthropogenic pollutants to the lake. The field and modelling results compare well with respect to the magnitude and spatial variability of LGD. However, the comparison highlights the need for well-defined hydrogeological characterization if regional scale models are to be applied for LGD estimation. The particle tracking analysis indicates large variation in the groundwater flow path lengths and travels times (>1000 years to <50 years) for LGD along the shoreline. This illustrates that the LGD along different shoreline areas has varying potential to deliver anthropogenic pollutants to the lake. The study findings demonstrate the benefits of comparing independent field measured and model-simulated LGD estimates, and moreover suggest that it may be possible, in some cases, to use existing regional scale groundwater-surface water models, purpose-built for other water resource and quality objectives, to conduct preliminary evaluation of LGD contributions to lakes. Preliminary model-based evaluation would enable field efforts aiming to quantify and manage LGD to be better targeted rather than relying solely on regional scale field techniques that are often highly resource intensive.  相似文献