潮汐汊口水流结构和动力特性研究     

吴尧  张蔚  何用  卢陈  吴门伍 《海洋通报》2019,38(2):186-193

潮汐汊口作为河网的重要单元,关系到水沙以及可溶污染物、营养物质的输运和分配,对河口三角洲的水文过程、地貌沉积和生态环境,都有至关重要的影响。本文选取国内最大的珠江河网的分汊顶点-马口、三水分汊,基于一个大潮潮周期内走航ADCP测量,分析潮汐汊口各个支汊的流速过程及三维流速的时空分布特征;结合非稳态的调和分析算法和小波连续变换确定汊口处主要的潮汐组分,利用潮流分离技术,剥离出占主导作用的潮波信号并探讨潮波动力在潮汐汊口处的空间分布形态。研究发现,由于潮波在西江马口和北江三水汊道内传播的不对称性,两汊间的流速过程存在1.5 h左右的相位差。而连接西北江的岗根汊道,由于存在频繁的水体交换和弯道水流的特性,岗根断面的动力作用较为复杂,其最大垂向平均流速在涨落急时刻分别向左、右岸偏移,横向断面均出现了显著的顺时针二次流。  相似文献   

海参酶解物中抗老年痴呆相关活性及成分初步研究     

杨静明  卢虹玉  谢慧风  刘亚月  聂影影  张永平  宋采  秦邦伟  张翼 《海洋科学》2019,43(7):41-52

通过国标方法分析海参酶解原液的基本营养成分;并将海参酶解原液用不同极性的有机溶剂进行提取,利用乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性自显影的方法进行活性组分的追踪。利用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱、高效液相色谱逐步纯化,得到具有较高乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性的组分;另外,采用MTT法考察海参酶解液总脂溶性组分对小胶质细胞(BV-2细胞)生长的影响;并利用LPS诱导细胞建立细胞炎症模型,分别采用Griess法和ELISA法检测其对LPS诱导的BV-2细胞中NO和IL-6水平的影响。结果表明:海参酶解原液含有丰富的钙、锌等矿物质,含量较高的多不饱和脂肪酸和必需氨基酸其提取物中具有乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性的薄层层析斑点均无明显紫外与荧光吸收,其中活性最强组分C4-2-E在浓度为0.25g/L时对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制率为91.04%;海参酶解液总脂溶性组分在一定的浓度范围内对BV-2细胞均无显著的抑制作用,并且能够显著的抑制LPS诱导的BV-2细胞所产生的NO和IL-6的分泌。故海参酶解液的脂溶性成分可能具有一定的抗神经炎症和老年痴呆作用,具体活性物质的化学结构还需进一步分析鉴定。  相似文献   

Combined magnetic,electrostatic, and gravity separation techniques for recovering strategic heavy minerals from beach sands     

Rajan Girija Rejith 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(8):959-965

A combination of unit operations like gravity, magnetic, and electrostatic separation techniques were applied to separate strategic heavy minerals from bulk samples taken from two coastal stretches of Kappil-Varkala (KV) and Shanghumugham-Kovalam (SK) in Thiruvananthapuram, south Kerala, India. On processing the feed, the concentrate obtained contains 67.3% THM for KV and 65.15% THM for SK, out of which ilmenite predominantly exists with a yield of 45.55 and 43.6% in weight followed by other minerals like sillimanite, monazite, zircon, rutile, leucoxene, and garnet. Analysis indicates that judicious combination of unit operations like gravity, magnetic, and electrostatic separation techniques can efficiently recover heavy mineral species even from placers of smaller deposit.  相似文献   

Bi_0.5Ca_0.5Mn_1-xCo_xO₃体系中的电荷有序和相分离     

王强 《海洋学报》2010,32(9):6569-6574

利用固相反应法制备了Bi_0.5Ca_0.5Mn_1-xCo_xO₃(0≤x≤0.12)系列多晶样品.研究了Co掺杂对Bi_0.5Ca_0.5MnO₃电荷有序的影响.结果表明,Co掺杂导致电荷有序相逐渐融化、铁磁相互作用的增强;当x≥0.08时,电荷有序转变峰完全消失,但残留的反铁磁电荷有  相似文献   

一种自适应匹配子空间亚像元目标探测方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

杜博  钟燕飞  张良培  李平湘 《遥感学报》2009,13(4):597-609

为了克服基于线性混合模型的高光谱遥感影像亚像元目标探测方法的缺陷, 提出了一种基于全限制性线性分解的自适应匹配子空间探测方法。首先利用交叉相关光谱匹配技术求得各个像元所含端元类别信息, 然后根据端元类别信息和全限制性分解的结果构造自适应匹配子空间探测算子, 利用端元类别信息在探测中动态选择端元, 降低端元数目估计偏差对探测结果的影响, 提高探测器对目标与背景的可分性。实验证明, 该方法与其他基于线性混合模型的亚像元目标探测方法相比, 可以更好地克服端元数目估计偏差对探测结果的影响, 无论是端元个数低估还是  相似文献   

条斑紫菜栽培过程中有害藻类的分离与鉴定          下载免费PDF全文

杜艺菲  王广策  牛建峰  冯泽中  王旭雷  卓锦涛  邵之卓  郇丽  宫相忠 《海洋科学》2023,47(6):70-78

针对条斑紫菜栽培过程中出现的有害藻类问题,进行了叶状体和丝状体有害藻类分离与鉴定等相关研究。通过形态学分析和分子生物学鉴定,发现叶状体中的杂藻主要有大型绿藻(浒苔、曲浒苔)、大型红藻(红毛菜)以及微型绿藻和硅藻,丝状体中的杂藻主要为褐藻、微型绿藻和硅藻。针对部分微型杂藻进行了抑制剂处理实验,结果表明低浓度的抗生素可以有效抑制部分硅藻和绿藻的生长,二氧化锗对硅藻生长具有显著的抑制效果。研究结果为系统、全面认识条斑紫菜栽培过程中的有害藻类提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

鲨鱼和魟鱼肝铁蛋白电泳纯的制备技术   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

陈旭  黄河清  孔波  曹廷明  肖志群 《海洋科学》2004,28(1):15-19

采用硫酸铵分级盐析、DEAE阴离子交换层析、Sephacryl S—300凝胶层析技术分离纯化鲨鱼肝铁蛋白(Liver ferritin of Sphyma zygaena,SZLF)和虹鱼肝铁蛋白(Liver ferritin of Dasyatis akajei,DALF)。电子显微镜技术揭示了SZLF和DALF的分子结构,阐明了两者蛋白均由蛋白壳和铁核组成。柱层析和电泳技术拓展了电泳纯的SZLF和DALF制备方法,并可用于制备其他高纯度的铁蛋白。  相似文献   

Significance of selective crystal entrainment and differential crystal-melt separation in petrogenesis of granites from the Tongbai orogen     

Qiang-Qiang Zhang  Xiao-Ying Gao  Yong-Fei Zheng 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2023,41(1):143-179

Partial melting has been shown to be an important mechanism for intracrustal differentiation and granite petrogenesis. However, a series of compositional differences between granitic melt from experiments and natural granites indicate that the processes of crustal differentiation are complex. To shed light on factors that control the processes of crustal differentiation, and then the compositions of granitic magma, a combined study of petrology and geochemistry was carried out for granites (in the forms of granitic veins and parautochthonous granite) from a granulite terrane in the Tongbai orogen, China. These granites are characterized by high SiO₂ (>72 wt%) and low FeO and MgO (<4 wt%) with low Na₂O/K₂O ratios (<0.7). Minerals in these granites show variable microstructures and compositions. Phase equilibrium modelling using P–T pseudosections shows that neither anatectic melts nor fractionated melts match the compositions of the target granites, challenging the conventional paradigm that granites are the crystallized product of pure granitic melts. Based on the microstructural features of minerals in the granites, and a comparison of their compositions with crystallized minerals from anatectic melts and minerals in granulites, the minerals in these granitoids are considered to have three origins. The first is entrained garnets, which show comparable compositions with those in host granulites. The second is early crystallized mineral from melts, which include large plagioclase and K-feldspar (with high Ca contents) crystals as well as a part of biotite whose compositions can be reproduced by crystallization of the anatectic melts. The compositions of other minerals such as small grained plagioclase, K-feldspar and anorthoclase in the granites with low Ca contents are not well reconstructed, so they are considered as the third origin of crystallized products of fractionated melts. The results of mass balance calculation show that the compositions of these granites can be produced by mixing between different proportions of crystallized minerals and fractionated melts with variable amounts of entrained minerals. However, the calculated modal proportions of different crystallized minerals (plagioclase, K-feldspar, biotite and quartz) in the granites are significantly different from those predicted by melt crystallization modelling. Specifically, some rocks have lower modes of biotite and plagioclase, whereas others show lower K-feldspar modes than those produced by melt crystallization. This indicates that the crystallized minerals would be differentially separated from the primary magmas to form the evolved magmas that produce these granites. Therefore, the crystal entrainment and differential melt-crystal separation make important contributions to the composition of the target granites. Compared with leucogranites worldwide, the target granites show comparable compositions. As such, the leucogranites may form through the crystal fractionation of primary granitic magmas at different extents in addition to variable degrees of partial melting.  相似文献   

拓扑分子格中ST_-1、ST₀及ST₁的分离性          下载免费PDF全文

冯玉英  周伟灿 《大气科学学报》2000,23(4):611-615

在拓扑分子格中进一步讨论了ST_-1的性质,引进了ST₀、ST₁分离性概念,并研究了其相应的性质。  相似文献   

海洋环境中氟喹诺酮类抗生素(FQs)分析的样品前处理与检测技术          下载免费PDF全文

温丽联  宋金明  李学刚  马骏  戴佳佳  袁华茂  段丽琴  王启栋 《海洋科学》2023,47(9):103-118

氟喹诺酮类(FQs)药物是一种广泛使用的人工合成类抗生素,存在于水体、沉积物等各种环境介质中,并在水生生物体内得到富集,对人类健康和全球生态系统的可持续发展有重要的影响。环境中FQs残留的分析检测是了解其环境生物地球化学行为和潜在生态环境风险的基础,本文系统总结了近几年海洋水体、沉积物和生物体样品中FQs的残留特征、样品前处理与检测技术,在此基础上,前瞻分析了海洋环境中FQs残留分析检测技术的发展趋势。分析表明,FQs的分离富集和测定必须充分考虑FQs的物理化学性质和样品成分的复杂性。海水样品准备应注意过滤膜的选择和pH的调节;沉积物和生物体的样品准备应考虑水分、萃取溶剂、基质效应和pH的影响,并使用超声萃取。固相萃取、QuEChERS萃取、磁性固相萃取是分离富集FQs较常用的方法,吸附剂、淋洗溶液和洗脱溶液的选择和优化是提高样品回收率的关键。FQs的检测大多通过液质联用或液相色谱结合荧光检测器进行,其中色谱柱的选择、离子对试剂的添加和进样pH值的调整都是优化的关键因素。研究指出海洋领域FQs在线自动SPE技术的开发以及新型萃取吸附剂的研制应在未来研究中被重点关注。  相似文献