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71.
《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(1):42-53
The article analyses the effects of changes in land cover and land use changes together with population changes on the livelihood of rural households, and also farming households' responses to these changes, in typical rural settings of north-eastern Ethiopia. The study shows that the immediate impact of shrubland and forest increase since the late 1970s, coupled with population increase, is an exponential fall of per capita cropland and grazing land, which are the principal physical assets of livelihoods of the rural farming community in the area. Furthermore, the study reveals that the scarcity of cultivated land in the area neither brings about agricultural intensification nor leads to diversification into non-farm activities, and farmers did not respond to the scarcity of cultivated land through large out-migration. In general, the Boserupian assumption of land-use intensification through improved labour and land productivity did not happen in the region. Rather, the Malthusian thesis seems appropriate. The majority of farming households are destitute, unable to satisfy their own food demands, and live in absolute poverty. This situation has been brought about not only due to population pressure but also as a result of the policies that have been applied in all systems since the 1950s. 相似文献
72.
大都市郊区农户生计多样化及对土地利用的影响——以北京市大兴区为例 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
以北京市大兴区为例,采用农户调查数据,设计不同资源群体农户分类评价指标体系,利用非系统聚类方法将农户划分为5类(①中等资源禀赋,中等非农收入;②高等资源禀赋,中等非农收入;③中等资源禀赋,低等非农收入;④纯农户;⑤非农户),进而分析了不同资源群体农户的生计多样化特点及对土地利用的影响。研究表明:(1)在大都市郊区,农户类型1～3、纯农户和非农户分别采取了农业和非农兼顾、留在农业和脱离农业的生计策略。(2)农户类型1～3和纯农户中,70%农户生计多样化指数分布在2～3之间,且依然呈现粮食作物播种面积较大,选择比例最高,其次是经济作物。(3)农户类型1～3和非农户中,以就地转移方式非农就业是农户家庭劳动力安排的主要选择,且非农就业劳动力年龄最轻和教育水平最高。(4)大都市郊区土地非农化的转型特点促使农户从类型1～4被动地向类型5转化,土地利用效益低下也持续推动了农户生计多样化,同时,农户生计多样化会引发粮食生产能力停滞不前、土地流转和产权调整大规模顺势而生、土壤养分富集等土地利用现象。 相似文献
73.
可持续生计分析研究综述 总被引：27，自引：2，他引：25
可持续生计分析框架是围绕可持续发展而提出的一种新的研究工具,是一种旨在分析社会和物质环境之间多维复杂关系的框架。通过对可持续生计研究中的国外进展的系统阐述和理论总结,较为清晰和全面地把握了可持续生计分析框架的发展轨迹和重要成果,重点阐明了可持续生计分析框架中的脆弱性背景、生计资本、生计战略和生计输出、结构和过程的转变等组分以及它们之间的相互关系,显示出人们如何利用大量的资本、权利和可能的策略去追求某种生计出路的途径。并在此基础上,讨论了可持续生计分析框架在规划确认和设计、规划新的项目和检查评估现有发展活动中的应用;这些研究在扶贫领域具有较强的参照和指导意义。 相似文献
74.
退耕还林工程对农户生计的影响——以贵州省关岭县为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以关岭县3个退耕村及1个未退耕村为对象，采用参与式方法调查退耕还林工程对农户经济收入和粮食产量的影响。调查发现，由于耕地面积减少了，退耕农户的粮食产量均不同程度下降；但由于退耕还林释放的农村剩余劳动力通过外出务工获得了高于过去种地的经济收益或通过畜牧业增加了收入，退耕地上种植的经济林产生了可观的经济效益，耕地减少后农民增加了单位面积上的农业投入，且国家提供的退耕还林补贴高于实际种地的收益．绝大多数退耕农户经济收入都有不同程度的增加。为巩固退耕还林建设成果，提出了从树种选择、农作物种植结构调整、畜牧业、基础设施建设、农村能源建设、生态移民、为农村剩余劳动力转移创造有利条件等方面推进后续产业发展的建议。 相似文献
75.
Peter Edwards Lisa Sharma‐Wallace Tim Barnard Sandra J. Velarde Tui Warmenhoven Gerard Fitzgerald Duncan Harrison Loretta Garrett Tina Porou Pia Pohatu 《New Zealand geographer》2019,75(2):63-73
Sustainable livelihoods approaches used in international development are applied to a vulnerable New Zealand catchment. The Waiapu Catchment has a high proportion of indigenous residents, and is one of the most remote and deprived areas in the country. Linear and centralised approaches to indigenous development have failed to bring about desired changes. We identify “capitals” (social, human/political, physical, natural, financial and cultural) present in the catchment. From this assessment, we propose capital‐based holistic approaches to bring about community‐led change. The assessment and resulting approaches can be used in other vulnerable environments around the world. 相似文献
76.
以中国（未包括港澳台地区）31个省域为实证分析对象,运用耦合协调模型和灰色关联度分析法,从时空角度对旅游业同地区发展与民生改善的耦合协调关系及其演变规律进行分析,探知旅游业同地区发展与民生改善的协调关系和影响二者协调发展的主要因素。研究表明：考察期内,旅游业、地区发展与民生改善的综合评价值持续上升,前者增长较慢,后者相对较快,旅游业发展滞后于地区发展与民生改善,二者耦合协调系数稳步增加,但整体水平不高;旅游业同地区发展与民生改善的耦合协调度在空间分布上,呈现东部、中部、西部梯级递减,南方优于北方的空间分异规律;旅游业系统对于地区经济与民生协调发展起着关键作用,其中入境旅游收入、入境旅游人次、旅游专业化程度和旅游院校学生数是影响地区发展与民生改善和二者协调发展的主要因素。 相似文献
77.
This paper examines the status of traditional agriculture in two areas of Azilal province in the Atlas Mountains, seeking to identify what is needed to counter any breakdown in livelihood strategies and improve the quality of life enjoyed by the farmers. Irrigated terrace agriculture is an important part of livelihood strategies in the areas studied and has the potential to be more productive and sustainable. In some areas it is reported to be endangered by socioeconomic changes and highland land degradation caused by excessive shifting cultivation, sheep and goat grazing, and charcoal production. Field visits made during summer 1998 to establish the condition of irrigated terrace and runoff agriculture and the factors affecting it showed that in at least one of the villages supportive social capital has ensured that challenges are being met and beneficial innovations are being made. Considerable variation in success was evident from community to community, with some farmers maintaining adequate lifestyles and innovating, while in other communities prospects are less promising. The effects of structural adjustment have clearly been felt and may also have triggered some of the highland degradation and difficulties, which clearly threaten some irrigated terrace agriculture and other livelihood practices. 相似文献
78.
乡村转型是乡村振兴的关键,也是“三农”转型的重要抓手。论文以黄土高原沟壑区甘肃省榆中县为例,从人口转型、土地转型和产业转型3个维度构建乡村转型指标体系,基于2002—2018年统计数据、农户调研数据、遥感数据等多源数据,运用熵值法、层次分析法、乡村转型度模型和空间分析方法,从县域和农户视角,量化与分析榆中县乡村转型及其时空演变格局,刻画农户生计转型路径;在此基础上,引入体制转换理论阐释乡村转型过程机理,并运用逐步回归分析方法识别驱动乡村转型的关键因素。结果表明：(1) 2002—2018年榆中县乡村转型度、产业转型度和人口转型度明显上升,而土地转型度稳中有降,乡村转型度和产业转型差异明显且变化较大,在中部川区最为突出。(2)乡村转型、人口转型、产业转型均呈现“中部川区较高速和高速转型、北部山区低速转型、南部山区由低速转型向较高速过渡转型的空间格局”,并伴有逐级式和跨级式的变化特点,土地转型空间分布较为分散;乡村转型、人口转型、产业转型和土地转型的热点区主要集聚在中部川区,冷点区主要集聚于北部山区。(3)农户生计表现出多路径转型特征,北部山区为综合型生计转型路径,中部川区和南部山区为兼农... 相似文献
79.
广东省残疾人生计资本的空间差异及影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
运用改进的TOPSIS模型和GIS空间分析方法,对2015年广东省21个地市残疾人生计资本的空间分布特征及影响因素进行分析。结果表明：① 残疾人生计资本综合水平呈明显的“级差化”分异特征,高生计资本地市以广州、肇庆和清远3市为主,而低生计资本地市分布相对分散,总体表现出“大分散、小集中”的分布格局。② 残疾人不同类型生计资本水平空间差异显著,各类型资本大多处于较低等级,多种资本匹配性较低;社会和金融资本较高区主要分布在粤北地区,人力、康复和物质资本较高区均以广州最高;各类型资本以东部沿海城市及粤西云浮、茂名、阳江等地相对偏低。③ 残疾人生计资本总量具有显著的空间自相关性,热点区和冷点区分布差异明显,总体上表现出集聚分布特征。经分析,政策环境、经济水平、教育培训及康复服务等方面是影响广东省残疾人生计资本空间分布格局的重要因素。 相似文献
80.
Changing local land systems: Implications of a Chinese rubber plantation in Nambak District,Lao PDR 
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下载免费PDF全文 Cecilie Friis Anette Reenberg Andreas Heinimann Oliver Schönweger 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2016,37(1):25-42
This paper investigates the direct and cascading land system consequences of a Chinese company's land acquisition for rubber cultivation in northern Laos. Transnational land acquisitions are increasingly acknowledged as an important driver of direct land use conversion with implications for local land‐based livelihoods. The paper presents an empirical case study of the village of Na Nhang Neua in Nambak District, Luang Prabang Province, using a mixed methods approach to investigate the positive and negative implications for household agricultural strategies, income generation and food security. Combining the conceptual lenses of land systems and livelihood approaches, this paper demonstrates how the land use system has changed substantially because of the establishment of the rubber plantation by the company, notably in the linkages between livestock rearing, upland shifting cultivation and lowland paddy rice cultivation. The changes go beyond the immediate competition for land caused by the rubber plantation: a penalty scheme introduced by the rubber company for damage to rubber trees caused by browsing animals has led the villagers to abandon livestock rearing, causing a cascade of negative effects on the entire land use system, especially on soil fertility, rice yields and food production. 相似文献