ZIFs型金属有机框架材料在水处理混合基质膜中的应用进展     

徐佳  孙星  李珊  陆金仁  杨婷婷 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2022,52(1):1-11

传统分离膜因存在渗透性和选择性相互制约、孔隙率低、膜孔尺寸不易控制、化学稳定性和热稳定性差等缺点,在诸多领域应用中受到限制。为了克服上述缺点,目前最有效的方法之一是在膜材料中掺入某些特定纳米材料作为分散相来构筑新型混合基质膜,以增强分离膜的分离性能,同时赋予抗污染性能、高强度等。沸石咪唑酯骨架材料(ZIFs)作为金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)的重要子类,具有独特的孔结构、优异的热稳定性和化学稳定性,是一类构筑混合基质膜的高性能分散相材料。本文主要对应用于水处理领域的ZIFs型混合基质膜及制备方法进行了归类和介绍,并以分离性能和运行稳定性为指标,对ZIFs在膜中掺杂的有效性进行了评估;其次概述了其在脱盐、染料废水处理、重金属离子、大分子蛋白质去除等领域的应用进展;最后总结了ZIFs型混合基质膜材料在科学研究和工程应用中存在的问题,对其今后的发展做出了展望。  相似文献   

硼吸附材料研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

林创辉  陈子尚  梁小平  姚肖  王皝莹  刘志锋  朱云鹏 《盐湖研究》2019,27(4):82-90

硼化物因具有质轻、阻燃、耐热、高硬、耐磨等优良性能而应用广泛,目前国内硼资源开发力度不足导致硼进口量高达70%。随国内盐湖与海水资源开发产业兴起,利用提硼彻底、工艺简洁、材料可循环利用的吸附法从水溶液中分离提取硼资源成为研究热点。综述了国内外多种无机硼吸附材料、有机硼吸附材料、有机-无机杂化硼吸附材料的研究现状,重点对比了有机硼吸附材料中的螯合树脂型和螯合膜型材料,并对硼吸附材料的发展趋势进行了展望,为盐湖卤水提硼及海水淡化提硼产业技术开发中硼吸附材料的选择提供参考。  相似文献   

流式细胞术检测海洋浮游异养细菌异质性的研究进展     

赵苑  董逸  李海波  赵丽  张武昌  肖天 《海洋通报》2020,39(1):12-23

海洋浮游异养细菌(以下称浮游细菌)存在个体间的异质性,对浮游细菌异质性的研究是理解细菌生产、代谢及其在生物地球化学循环中重要作用的基础。流式细胞术具有快速分析大量细菌个体的能力,除了用来分析样品中细菌的丰度外,流式细胞术和细胞染色技术结合,被用来研究自然海水中浮游细菌在细胞膜完整性、CTC(5-氰基-2,3-二(4-甲基苯基)四唑氯化物)呼吸功能和核酸含量三个方面的异质性。尽管国外已经有较多研究,但我国在这方面的研究尚比较缺乏,本文综述了自然海区浮游细菌这三项异质性的研究现状,介绍了不同海区(主要是近岸)浮游细菌的异质性及其随环境的变化,以期推动我国在此领域的研究工作。目前对其异质性的变化机制尚没有很好的理论解释,在全球变化的大背景下,针对大洋深海和极区,有关长期变化、全球变暖以及酸化等对浮游细菌异质性的影响研究需要加强。  相似文献   

三角褐指藻滤液提取物对东海原甲藻和盐藻生理特性的影响     

薛峤娜  王蕊  谭丽菊  王江涛 《海洋学报》2018,40(4):119-126

在实验室培养条件下，利用流式细胞仪从细胞生长、细胞大小、细胞膜完整性、酯酶活性等方面分别研究了三角褐指藻（Phaeodactylum triconutum）滤液提取物对东海原甲藻（Prorocentrum donghaiense）和盐藻（Dunaliella salina）为期6 d生物培养过程中生理特性的影响。结果表明，三角褐指藻滤液乙酸乙酯提取物对东海原甲藻表现出强烈的生长抑制作用，荧光检测显示，其能刺激细胞体积的增大，导致部分藻体细胞膜受损，酯酶活性在短时间内增强，随后受到显著抑制。而提取物对盐藻的生长抑制并不明显，盐藻细胞体积没有受到影响，细胞膜保持了高度完整，酯酶活性在第6天时才受到抑制作用。以上分析表明，东海原甲藻对三角褐指藻滤液乙酸乙酯提取物更加敏感，特殊的细胞内部结构特征有利于化感物质进入东海原甲藻的体内，直接导致藻细胞的死亡。化感物质引起的不同的生理响应中，酯酶活性指标具有更好的敏感性，是在环境压力下生物自我保护的一种应急方式。  相似文献   

Monitoring pesticides in the Great Barrier Reef     

Melanie Shaw  Miles J. Furnas  Katharina Fabricius  David Haynes  Steve Carter  Jochen F. Mueller 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(1):113-122

Pesticide runoff from agriculture poses a threat to water quality in the world heritage listed Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and sensitive monitoring tools are needed to detect these pollutants. This study investigated the utility of passive samplers in this role through deployment during a wet and dry season at river mouths, two near-shore regions and an offshore region. The nearshore marine environment was shown to be contaminated with pesticides in both the dry and wet seasons (average water concentrations of 1.3-3.8 ng L⁻¹ and 2.2-6.4 ng L⁻¹, respectively), while no pesticides were detected further offshore. Continuous monitoring of two rivers over 13 months showed waters flowing to the GBR were contaminated with herbicides (diuron, atrazine, hexazinone) year round, with highest average concentrations present during summer (350 ng L⁻¹). The use of passive samplers has enabled identification of insecticides in GBR waters which have not been reported in the literature previously.  相似文献   

桩承式加筋路堤张力膜效应模型试验研究     

徐超  林潇  沈盼盼 《岩土力学》2016,37(7):1825-1831

在桩承式加筋路堤设计计算及工程实践中,筋材的受力计算是具有争议且亟待解决的问题,然而,现有的研究很少关注桩承式加筋路堤中筋材应变的空间分布形式和三维模式下筋材的受力特征。采用自行研制的设备,以桩间距为变量,针对桩承式加筋路堤中筋材张力膜效应进行了物理模拟试验。试验中通过气压施加荷载,对筋材竖向变形和不同位置筋材应变进行观测。结果表明,张力膜效应下筋材应变和受力很不均匀。正方形布桩情形下,加筋材料的空间变形形态可采用空间抛物面与抛物柱面的组合来模拟。正方形布桩情形下假定筋材上所有荷载全部由相邻桩之间的4条筋带承担,得到的筋材受力计算值明显偏大。在模拟试验结果基础上,初步提出了考虑筋材三维空间变形的拉力计算方法。  相似文献   

Treatment of Synthetic Olefin Plant Wastewater at Various Salt Concentrations in a Membrane Bioreactor     

Fatemeh Sadeghi  Mohammad Reza Mehrnia  Ramin Nabizadeh  Mohammad Hossein Sarrafzadeh 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(4):416-421

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of salt concentration on performance of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for treating an olefin plant wastewater. For this purpose, a lab‐scale submerged MBR with a flat‐sheet ultrafiltration membrane was used for treatment of synthetic wastewater according to oxidation and neutralization unit of olefin plant. The synthetic wastewater was adjusted to have 500 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD). Trials on different concentrations of sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) (0–20 000 ppm) in the feed were conducted under aerobic conditions in the MBR. The results showed that increasing the salt concentrations causes an increase in the effluent COD, phenol, and oil concentrations. These results are due to reduction of the membrane filtration efficiency and also decline in the microbial activity that it is indicated by decreasing the sOUR in MBR. But in all the trials, the effluent COD and oil concentration was well within the local discharge limit of 100 and 10 mg/L, respectively. These results indicate that the MBR system is highly efficient for treating the olefin plant wastewater, and although high salt concentrations decreased organic contaminant removal rates in the MBR, the effluent still met the discharge limits for treating the olefin plant wastewater.  相似文献   

Recovery of Polyvinyl Alcohol from Desizing Wastewater Using a Novel High‐Shear Ultrafiltration Module     

Ankur Sarkar  Debasish Sarkar  Madhurima Gupta  Chiranjib Bhattacharjee 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(8):830-837

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), the major constituent of desizing water constituting 45% of the total BOD load has a significant environmental impact owing to its poor biodegradability. In order to prevent PVA from being discharged by the effluent stream, modern textile industries opt for membrane based separation techniques using ultrafiltration so that the recovery and recycle of PVA in tandem could be achieved. However, the process of ultrafiltration is still not widely accepted as expected due to the well‐known non‐idealities of concentration polarization and pore blockage. In this article, design and performance characterization of a lab‐scale novel shear enhanced ultrafiltration unit, named as spinning basket membrane (SBM) module are discussed. The proposed module is unique in terms of its inbuilt cleaning facility eliminating the effects of polarization and subsequent periodic fouling leading to its uninterrupted production operation. The test fluid, necessarily a solution of PVA was treated in the proposed module under different parametric conditions with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes of two different molecular weight cut‐off (50 and 100 kDa). After 2 h of continuous operation the permeate flux was observed to be within 95–97% of the respective initial fluxes. Such performance is rarely been attained in practice. Hence, the novelty of the present research is achieved. Considering the performance of the present module in terms of flux regeneration and product recovery, it may be regarded as an efficient device and can be potentially deployed for cleaning of other industrial wastewater.  相似文献   

条斑紫菜类囊体膜蛋白质组双向电泳研究方法     

周伟  何林文  陆勤勤  朱建一  高山  杨睿灵  杨芳  王广策 《海洋科学》2013,(7)

本文以蓝绿温和胶电泳为工具,首次在国内用于条斑紫菜类囊体膜色素蛋白质复合物的研究。结果显示：（1）利用非离子型去污剂十二烷基麦芽糖苷（DM）增溶条斑紫菜类囊体膜,DM/Chla（w/w）15：1产生的效果较好,在BN-PAGE胶中可以分离到较多较清晰的条带。（2）选取蔗糖密度层50%条带制备得到的类囊体膜样品进行第一向BN-PAGE和第二向SDS-Urea-PAGE电泳实验。第一向电泳分离出4个蛋白复合物,对第二向电泳胶上的15个蛋白点切取做质谱鉴定,检测到PSⅡ 47KDa,PSⅡ 44KDa,cytochrome f ,PSⅡ D2,PSⅡ D1等蛋白。本实验证实了温和胶电泳与SDS电泳结合对于条斑紫菜这种原始红藻的类囊体膜研究方面应用的可行性。  相似文献   

Characterization of Dry‐Spun Acrylic Fiber Wastewater by Particle Size Distribution,Biodegradability, and Chemical Composition          下载免费PDF全文

Qinghong Wang  Guangxu Yan  Bin Cai  Chunmao Chen  Shaohui Guo 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2014,42(10):1393-1401

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