全文获取类型
收费全文 | 227篇 |
免费 | 22篇 |
国内免费 | 5篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 43篇 |
大气科学 | 20篇 |
地球物理 | 107篇 |
地质学 | 33篇 |
海洋学 | 10篇 |
天文学 | 13篇 |
自然地理 | 28篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 6篇 |
2016年 | 6篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 11篇 |
2013年 | 15篇 |
2012年 | 3篇 |
2011年 | 13篇 |
2010年 | 7篇 |
2009年 | 15篇 |
2008年 | 18篇 |
2007年 | 13篇 |
2006年 | 8篇 |
2005年 | 17篇 |
2004年 | 8篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 11篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 2篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有254条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
11.
风云三号C星(FY-3C)已经于2013年9月23日发射升空,其上装载的微波湿温探测仪(MWHTS)已于9月30日开机正常工作.MWHTS具有对大气温度和湿度垂直分布进行同步探测的能力.MWHTS为跨轨扫描式微波辐射计,在89~191GHz毫米波段内设置了十五个探测通道,其中包括118.75GHz氧气吸收线附近的8个大气温度探测通道,183.31GHz水汽吸收线附近的5个大气湿度探测通道,以及89GHz和150GHz两个窗区通道.设置在118.75GHz的一组毫米波探测通道是国际上业务卫星首次使用的大气探测通道,这组通道和183.31GHz通道对大气进行联合探测,将获得更加精细的大气温湿度垂直分布数据,为数值预报和气候研究提供丰富信息.为保证MWHTS观测资料的定量应用,对仪器性能和定标精度进行了在轨测试.利用MWHTS在轨正常工作后的三个月数据,对仪器在轨定标的基础数据:冷空和黑体计数值,黑体和仪器温度进行监测分析和质量检验,经过质量检验的在轨定标基础数据,结合发射前真空试验得到的非线性订正项在轨定标生成MWHTS观测亮温数据.评估MWHTS在轨辐射定标结果的精度和偏差特性使用了三种方法:1通过场地定标试验获取大气温湿廓线和地面温度等大气参数信息,结合微波逐线正演辐射传输模式MonoRTM(Monochromatic Radiative Transfer Model)模拟MWHTS的上行微波辐射亮温,与MWHTS实际观测结果进行对比分析;2两个通道特性一致的同类星载被动微波载荷同时观测同一目标,观测亮温的差异主要取决于两个载荷的定标系统偏差.选取美国SNPP上搭载的微波探测仪器ATMS作为MWHTS的参考载荷,基于SNO(simultaneous nadir overpass)技术,对两个仪器的观测亮温进行交叉比对,观测亮温时空匹配及均匀性检验的条件为:观测时间差异小于20min,观测像元中心距离小于3km,观测角度在星下点附近差异小于5°,观测像元周围3×3像元内的亮温标准差小于1K;3基于美国国家环境预测中心的全球数据同化系统GDAS(Global Data Assimilation System)数据,利用快速辐射传输模式CRTM(Community Radiative Transfer Model)对MWHTS各通道亮温进行正演模拟,模拟结果(O)和仪器实际观测的亮温(B)之间的差异记为"O-B",对偏差值"O-B"进行统计特征分析.仪器中心频率的变化、正演模式模拟精度和模式输入廓线自身的误差都会对"O-B"产生影响.但是对于首次使用的探测频点而言(如118.75GHz通道),由于国际上没有同类载荷可以进行交叉比对,借助于正演辐射传输模式计算得到"O-B"偏差的分析结果可以在一定程度上反映仪器整体定标情况.外场地定标试验结果显示除通道14外,其他14个通道的亮温差都在1.3K以内;与同类载荷ATMS的在轨观测进行直接交叉比对表明通道14与ATMS的亮温偏差最大,但中心频点一致的5个水汽探测通道的标准差都小于1K;将MWHTS观测结果和正演辐射传输模式模拟结果即"O-B"进行偏差分析显示,靠近118.75GHz吸收线中心的通道2—6"O-B"标准差小于0.5K,其他通道"O-B"标准差和ATMS相应通道的结果相当;MWHTS观测和模拟偏差随角度变化的研究表明通道1,7~13和15观测结果对角度有一定依赖性. 相似文献
12.
This study reports an inter-laboratory comparison of the 3He and 4He concentrations measured in the pyroxene material CRONUS-P. This forms part of the CRONUS-Earth and CRONUS-EU programs, which also produced a series of natural reference materials for in situ produced 26Al, 10Be, 14C, 21Ne and 36Cl.Six laboratories (GFZ Potsdam, Caltech Pasadena, CRPG Nancy, SUERC Glasgow, BGC Berkeley, Lamont New York) participated in this intercomparison experiment, analyzing between 5 and 22 aliquots each. Intra-laboratory results yield 3He concentrations that are consistent with the reported analytical uncertainties, which suggests that 3He is homogeneous within CRONUS-P. The inter-laboratory dataset (66 determinations from the 6 different labs) is characterized by a global weighted mean of (5.02 ± 0.12) × 109 at g−1 with an overdispersion of 5.6% (2σ). 4He is characterized by a larger variability than 3He, and by an inter-lab global weighted mean of (3.60 ± 0.18) × 1013 at g−1 (2σ) with an overdispersion of 10.4% (2σ).There are, however, some systematic differences between the six laboratories. More precisely, 2 laboratories obtained mean 3He concentrations that are about 6% higher than the clustered other 4 laboratories. This systematic bias is larger than the analytical uncertainty and not related to the CRONUS-P material (see Schaefer et al., 2015). Reasons for these inter-laboratory offsets are difficult to identify but are discussed below. To improve the precision of cosmogenic 3He dating, we suggest that future studies presenting cosmogenic 3He results also report the 3He concentration measured in the CRONUS-P material in the lab(s) used in a given study. 相似文献
13.
We performed an interlaboratory comparison study with the aim to determine the accuracy of cosmogenic 21Ne measurements in quartz. CREU-1 is a natural quartz standard prepared from amalgamated vein clasts which were crushed, thoroughly mixed, and sieved into 125–250 μm and 250–500 μm size fractions. 50 aliquots of CREU-1 were analyzed by five laboratories employing six different noble gas mass spectrometers. The released gas contained a mixture of 16–30% atmospheric and 70–84% non-atmospheric (predominantly cosmogenic) 21Ne, defining a linear array on the 22Ne/20Ne-21Ne/20Ne three isotope diagram with a slope of 1.108 ± 0.014. The internal reproducibility of the measurements is in good agreement with the formal analytical precision for all participating labs. The external reproducibility of the 21Ne concentrations between labs, however, is significantly overdispersed with respect to the reported analytical precision. We report an average reference concentration for CREU-1 of 348 ± 10 × 106 at [21Ne]/g[SiO2], and suggest that the 7.1% (2σ) overdispersion of our measurements may be representative of the current accuracy of cosmogenic 21Ne in quartz. CREU-1 was tied to CRONUS-A, which is a second reference material prepared from a sample of Antarctic sandstone. We propose a reference value of 320 ± 11 × 106 at/g for CRONUS-A. The CREU-1 and CRONUS-A intercalibration materials may be used to improve the consistency of cosmogenic 21Ne to the level of the analytical precision. 相似文献
14.
There is a lack of detailed guidance in the published literature on how to calibrate 14C measurements made on marine or mixed marine/terrestrial (primarily human remains) samples. We describe what we consider to be the best approach towards achieving the most accurate calibrated age ranges, using the most appropriate ΔR and percentage marine diet estimates, and associated, realistic error terms on these values. However, this approach will increase the calibrated age range(s) by fully accounting for the variability in both the model and the material. While the discussion is based on examples from the UK and Iceland, the same fundamental arguments can be applied in any geographic location largely devoid of C4 plants as the high δ13C values from such plants can make identification of marine intake difficult to determine. 相似文献
15.
The resistance factor for pile foundations in load and resistance factor design (LRFD) is traditionally calibrated considering target reliability index (βT) and statistics of load and resistance bias factors. However, the resistance bias factor is hard to quantify statistically. Consequently, the design obtained using the calibrated resistance factor can still miss βT if the variation in resistance bias factor has been underestimated. In this paper, we propose a new resistance factor calibration approach to address this dilemma by considering “feasibility robustness” of design in the calibration process. Herein, the feasibility robustness is defined as a probability that the βT requirement can still be satisfied even in the presence of uncertainty or variation in the computed bearing capacity. For illustration, LRFD approach for pile foundations commonly used in Shanghai, China is examined. Emphasis is placed on re-calibration of resistance factors at various feasibility robustness levels, with due consideration of the variation in the resistance bias factor. A case study is presented to illustrate the use of the re-calibrated resistance factors. The results show that the feasibility robustness is gained at the expense of cost efficiency; in other words, the two objectives are conflicting. To aid in the design decision-making, an optimal feasibility robustness level and corresponding resistance factors are suggested in the absence of a designer’s preference. 相似文献
16.
A calibration procedure, in which coupled effects of microscopic parameters are considered, is proposed to determine the values of the microscopic parameters in the Discrete Element Method (DEM) for Fujian quartz sand. Laboratory tri-axial tests are conducted to be compared with the DEM simulations and the effects of end restraint in the laboratory tests are eliminated through a digital image measurement system. Sensitivities of the macroscopic behaviour of the specimen to the microscopic parameters are analyzed through DEM simulations. Four coupled effects of the microscopic parameters on the macroscopic behaviour are investigated through a graphic method and then considered in the calibration procedure. 相似文献
17.
A major goal of paleolimnological studies is the quantification of past environmental conditions. This is accomplished by
computing transfer functions relating organism assemblages to environmental factors. The environmental data are typically
comprised of a point sample of water chemistry and other environmental parameters that are collected at the same time as a
surface sediment sample. We explore whether the year of sampling of the environmental variables affects the parameterization
of organism-environment relations, in particular chironomids, ostracodes and diatoms. Canonical correspondence analyses revealed
that the year of sampling is of secondary importance when relating the organism assemblages to environmental variables, but
only with the major explanatory variables. A chironomid-inferred bottom water temperature partial least squares transfer function
revealed similar performance statistics between the years. Taxon optima and tolerances were computed for both years using
weighted averaging, and the results are comparable. A paired t-test computed on the proxy-inferred bottom water temperature values indicated that the results between the 2 years are not
statistically different. The results of this study provide guarded optimism that the methodology of estimating transfer functions
as currently applied is not entirely determined by the particular year when the data were collected, although more case studies
are needed. 相似文献
18.
19.
20.
传统瞬变电磁法(TEM)认为临界阻尼匹配时传感器响应快、无振荡,为最佳匹配方式.本文通过建立基于标定环的TEM系统标定模型,理论证明当略欠阻尼匹配时传感器响应最快、时域畸变最小,为最佳匹配方式.本文采用基于实测数据的背景场剔除方法将一次场和大地响应剔除,通过对不同阻尼状态下标定环早期响应畸变的定量评价,实验证明传感器在略欠阻尼匹配状态下二次场响应畸变最小.本文理论和标定实验均证明,在纯二次场观测方式下,采用略欠阻尼匹配方式能够显著降低早期响应畸变、提高系统浅层探测能力,是浅层探测时传感器最佳匹配方式. 相似文献