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A. I. Skorokhod N. V. Pankratova I. B. Belikov R. L. Thompson A. N. Novigatsky G. S. Golitsyn 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2016,470(2):1081-1085
The results of experimental measurements of atmospheric methane concentrations and its isotopic composition in the Russian Arctic seas in the summer and autumn of 2015 are discussed. The Keeling plot method and inverse number simulation were used for revealing the factors responsible for elevated methane concentrations over the sea surface. Its maximum concentrations (up to 2050 ppb) were measured over the Kara and Laptev seas, as well as in the port area of Arkhangel’sk. It is shown that tundra and bog ecosystems of Siberia serve as the main sources of methane in the measurement zone (except for the area adjacent to large ports). As a whole, the share of methane from microbiological sources is as high as approximately 43% of the total methane concentrations along the ship route. 相似文献
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N. V. Pankratova N. F. Elansky I. B. Belikov O. V. Lavrova A. I. Skorokhod R. A. Shumsky 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2011,47(3):313-328
The results of the 1995–2008 observations of the concentrations of ozone and nitric oxides in the surface air over the Trans-Siberian Railway using a mobile laboratory (the TROICA experiments) are analyzed. The features of the spatial distribution and time variability of these gases over the continent within the latitudinal belt 48°–58° N are revealed individually for polluted and background conditions. The characteristic features of their distribution are a decrease in the concentration of nitric oxides and an increase in the concentration of ozone in an eastward direction. On the whole, the process of photochemical ozone formation over the territory of Siberia is slow. Noticeable increases in the concentration of ozone are associated with both forest and steppe fires and with the transboundary transport of pollution from the countries of eastern Asia. The dry precipitation of trace gases plays a significantly larger role in Siberia than in coastal and high-altitude unpolluted regions due to powerful and long temperature inversions. 相似文献
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N. F. Elansky I. I. Mokhov I. B. Belikov E. V. Berezina A. S. Elokhov V. A. Ivanov N. V. Pankratova O. V. Postylyakov A. N. Safronov A. I. Skorokhod R. A. Shumskii 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2011,47(6):672-681
In the summer of 2010, the Moscow megacity during two months was within the zone of action of a blocking anticyclone. The accumulation of pollutants in a closed air mass sharply changed the surface air quality. At the end of July-the first half of August, the extreme situation became even more complicated, because the air from regions of turf and grass fires came into Moscow. According to measurement data of the Moscow IAP RAS station, the maximal hourly mean concentrations of chemically active gases NO, NO2, CO, O3, and SO2 were 175.9, 217.4, 15.8, 134.2, and 15.2 ppb, respectively. For NO2 and CO, these values are largest over the entire decadal period of observations at the station and many times exceed the MPC level (see table). The concentrations of greenhouse gases CO2, CH4, and nonmethane hydrocarbons also sharply increased. Analysis of the variability of gas contents in the surface air and in the atmospheric boundary layer showed a close relation between extreme changes in the atmospheric composition and its vertical stratification. 相似文献
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I. I. Timkovsky N. F. Elanskii A. I. Skorokhod R. A. Shumskii 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2010,46(3):319-327
The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from vegetation into the atmosphere play an important role in atmospheric chemistry
and participate in the formation and growth of aerosol particles that affect the atmospheric radiation balance and the earth’s
climate. A number of VOCs, such as isoprene, monoterpene, methylvinylketone, and methacrolein, whose surface concentrations
were measured between Moscow and Vladivostok in the course of the Transcontinental Observations into the Chemistry of the
Atmosphere (TROICA-12) experiment in July–August 2008, are considered. For the first time in Russia, a PTR-MS proton mass-spectrometer
was used to measure the VOC concentrations. The continuous series of VOC concentrations in the atmosphere over the Trans-Siberian
Railway were obtained, and the characteristic features of their variations were determined. The spatial distribution of the
concentrations of biogenic VOC was compared with a map of Russia’s forests. It was found that the maximum concentrations of
isoprene between Moscow and Vladivostok correspond to the zones of broad-leaved forests in the Far East and Primorskii Krai,
and the maximum concentrations of monoterpene correspond to coniferous forests in Siberia. The obvious correlation between
the concentrations of isoprene and the total concentration of methylvinylketone and methacrolein was revealed. 相似文献
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Berezina E. V. Moiseenko K. B. Skorokhod A. I. Elansky N. F. Belikov I. B. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2017,474(1):599-603
This paper reports proton mass spectrometry data on aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (benzene, toluene, phenol, styrene, xylene, and propylbenzene) obtained in different Russian regions along the Trans-Siberian Railway from Moscow to Vladivostok, based on expedition data retrieved using the TRO-ICA-12 mobile laboratory in the summer of 2008. The contribution of aromatic VOCs to ozone formation in the cities and regions along the measurement route has been estimated quantitatively. The greatest contribution of aromatic VOCs to ozone formation is characteristic of large cities along the Trans-Siberian Railway (up to 7.5 ppbv O3) specified by the highest concentrations of aromatic VOCs (1–1.7 ppbv) and nitrogen oxides (>20 ppbv). The results obtained are indicative of a considerable contribution (30–50%) of anthropogenic emissions of VOCs to photochemical ozone generation in the large cities along the Trans-Siberian Railway in hot and dry weather against the background of a powerful natural factor such as isoprene emissions controlling the regional balance of ground-level ozone in warm seasons.
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Using mass-spectrometric measurement data from the Dynamics Explorer 2 satellite, we investigated the distribution of medium-scale
acoustic gravity waves (AGWs) at altitudes of the F-region of the ionosphere. It is shown that the planetary field of AGWs contains a regular and a sporadic component. The regular
distribution of AGWs involves active polar areas (where the ionosphere is highly disturbed) and a relatively calm equatorial
area. Sporadic AGWs are isolated and spatially localized wave packets that are distinguished against the background of the
regular distribution of the wave field. We generated a directory containing observations of sporadic AGW for the period January–February
1983 and performed a statistical analysis of their relation to earthquakes. 相似文献
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