排序方式： 共有16条查询结果，搜索用时 18 毫秒
1.
A. V. Vivchar K. B. Moiseenko N. V. Pankratova 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2010,46(3):281-293
The emissions from fires in the boreal zone of northern Eurasia significantly contribute to the global emissions of greenhouse
gases, their precursors, and aerosols. These emissions are an important component of the global carbon balance, and they significantly
affect both seasonal and long-term variations in the chemical composition and radiation properties of the atmosphere on both
regional and global scales. The atmospheric emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) from biomass burning have systematically been
estimated for the entire territory of northern Eurasia over the period of 2000–2008 on the basis of satellite (MODIS MCD45A1)
data on burned vegetation and the Seiler-Crutzen emission model with consideration for both regional and seasonal features.
On the whole, for Russia, the annual emissions of CO from biomass burning ranged from 10.6 to 88.2 Mt/y over the indicated
period. Depending on fire activity, the atmospheric emissions of CO from natural fires and agricultural work may yield from
25 to 200% of the total technogenic emissions according to the EDGAR-2000 model. In this case, the dominant contribution is
made by boreal forest fires (8–57 Mt/y), whose portion amounts to 63–76% of the total emissions from biomass burning. This
relatively short observational series does not allow one to reliably estimate long-term variations; however, on the whole,
a stable increase in burned areas has been observed in forest, steppe, and agricultural regions over the last decade. Our
analysis suggests significant spatial and seasonal variations in the large-scale fields of fire emissions, which are determined
by the physical, geographic, and climatic features of individual regions. The calculated fields of emissions can be used in
transport-chemical models, studies of the regional transport and quality of air, and climate models. 相似文献
2.
I. N. Plakhina N. V. Pankratova E. L. Makhotkina 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2009,45(4):456-466
The results of an analysis of variations in the optical depth of a vertical atmospheric column on the basis of a 30-year (1976–2006)
series of observations obtained by the Russian actinometric network are generalized. This analysis is based on the Atmosphere
Transparency special-purpose database created at the Voeikov Main Geophysical Observatory on the basis of observational data
obtained at the actinometric stations of the Russian Hydrometeorological Research Center. The general regularities of spatial
variations in the atmospheric optical depth (AOD) over Russia are revealed: there is a monotonic decrease from the southwest
to the northeast, with localized areas having different aerosol loads due to the global and regional factors of their formation.
A spatiotemporal structure of the anomalies of AOD annual values within the time interval under consideration, including the
El Chichon (1982) and Pinatubo (1991) eruptions, is studied. 相似文献
3.
Pankratova N. V. Belikov I. B. Belousov V. A. Kopeikin V. M. Skorokhod A. I. Shtabkin Yu. A. Malafeev G. V. Flint M. V. 《Oceanology》2020,60(5):593-602
Oceanology - In Russian Arctic seas, observations of surface methane concentrations (CH4), ozone, nitrogen and carbon oxides, as well as the content of $${{\delta... 相似文献
4.
M. V. Makarova D. K. Arabadzhyan S. Ch. Foka N. N. Paramonova A. V. Poberovskii Yu. M. Timofeev N. V. Pankratova V. S. Rakitin 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2018,43(7):449-455
Carbon dioxide, methane, and carbon monoxide are the carbon cycle gases, the data on their emissions are needed when monitoring air pollution and developing methods for reducing anthropogenic emissions to the atmosphere and for climate forecasting. The estimates of nocturnal area fluxes for CO2, CH4, and CO presented for a suburb of Saint Petersburg (Peterhof) are obtained using the box model and continuous observations of concentration of these gases. The mean values of CH4, CO2, and CO fluxes estimated for Peterhof for 2014–2015 are 44 ± 27, 6100 ± 4000, and 90 ± 100 t/(km2 year), respectively. The intensity of the CO area flux has pronounced seasonal variations characterized by the maximum of ~(160 ± 120) t/(km2 year) in November—February and by the minimum of ~(30 ± 20) t/(km2 year) in June-July. The analysis of the ratio of CO/CO2 fluxes identified the main types of anthropogenic sources typical of Peterhof: motor transport, natural gas combustion, and the use of wood stoves for the heating of private low-rise buildings (in the cold season). 相似文献
5.
A. I. Skorokhod N. V. Pankratova I. B. Belikov R. L. Thompson A. N. Novigatsky G. S. Golitsyn 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2016,470(2):1081-1085
The results of experimental measurements of atmospheric methane concentrations and its isotopic composition in the Russian Arctic seas in the summer and autumn of 2015 are discussed. The Keeling plot method and inverse number simulation were used for revealing the factors responsible for elevated methane concentrations over the sea surface. Its maximum concentrations (up to 2050 ppb) were measured over the Kara and Laptev seas, as well as in the port area of Arkhangel’sk. It is shown that tundra and bog ecosystems of Siberia serve as the main sources of methane in the measurement zone (except for the area adjacent to large ports). As a whole, the share of methane from microbiological sources is as high as approximately 43% of the total methane concentrations along the ship route. 相似文献
6.
Gorchakov G. I. Sitnov S. A. Semoutnikova E. G. Kopeikin V. M. Karpov A. V. Gorchakova I. A. Pankratova N. V. Ponomareva T. Ya. Kuznetsov G. A. Loskutova O. V. Kozlovtseva E. A. Rodina K. V. 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2018,54(9):986-996
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The smoke haze over the European part of Russia (EPR) and Belorus in July 2016 has been studied with the use of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) data... 相似文献
7.
8.
N. V. Pankratova N. F. Elansky I. B. Belikov O. V. Lavrova A. I. Skorokhod R. A. Shumsky 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2011,47(3):313-328
The results of the 1995–2008 observations of the concentrations of ozone and nitric oxides in the surface air over the Trans-Siberian Railway using a mobile laboratory (the TROICA experiments) are analyzed. The features of the spatial distribution and time variability of these gases over the continent within the latitudinal belt 48°–58° N are revealed individually for polluted and background conditions. The characteristic features of their distribution are a decrease in the concentration of nitric oxides and an increase in the concentration of ozone in an eastward direction. On the whole, the process of photochemical ozone formation over the territory of Siberia is slow. Noticeable increases in the concentration of ozone are associated with both forest and steppe fires and with the transboundary transport of pollution from the countries of eastern Asia. The dry precipitation of trace gases plays a significantly larger role in Siberia than in coastal and high-altitude unpolluted regions due to powerful and long temperature inversions. 相似文献
9.
N. F. Elansky I. I. Mokhov I. B. Belikov E. V. Berezina A. S. Elokhov V. A. Ivanov N. V. Pankratova O. V. Postylyakov A. N. Safronov A. I. Skorokhod R. A. Shumskii 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2011,47(6):672-681
In the summer of 2010, the Moscow megacity during two months was within the zone of action of a blocking anticyclone. The accumulation of pollutants in a closed air mass sharply changed the surface air quality. At the end of July-the first half of August, the extreme situation became even more complicated, because the air from regions of turf and grass fires came into Moscow. According to measurement data of the Moscow IAP RAS station, the maximal hourly mean concentrations of chemically active gases NO, NO2, CO, O3, and SO2 were 175.9, 217.4, 15.8, 134.2, and 15.2 ppb, respectively. For NO2 and CO, these values are largest over the entire decadal period of observations at the station and many times exceed the MPC level (see table). The concentrations of greenhouse gases CO2, CH4, and nonmethane hydrocarbons also sharply increased. Analysis of the variability of gas contents in the surface air and in the atmospheric boundary layer showed a close relation between extreme changes in the atmospheric composition and its vertical stratification. 相似文献
10.
I. N. Plakhina N. V. Pankratova E. L. Makhotkina 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2011,47(6):708-713
We analyze spatial variations in the air turbidity factor T obtained from the interpolation of ground-based solar radiometry data within the territory (40°–70° N, 30°–60° E) in summer 2010. The abnormal heat and connected fires of summer 2010 changed the mean values of air turbidity and the character of its spatial variations. As a result, a “tongue” of increased values of the turbidity factor was observed in the south-to-north direction in July, and a closed region of anomalous high T was formed over the territory (48°–55° N, 37°–42° E) to the south of Moscow and partly covered the Moscow region in August. Such a pattern resulted from blockage preventing from ingress of air masses from the west and producing closed air circulation over the European Part of Russia (EPR). 相似文献